Objective : To investigate the status and influencing factors of self-management behaviors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide insights into health management of GDM. Methods: GDM patients admitted to Medical Community General Hospital of Shaoxing Second Hospital were sampled from January to June 2023, and basic characteristics were collected using questionnaire surveys, including age, parity, education level and gestational age. The self-management behaviors were evaluated among GDM patients using the self-management behavior scale, and the social support level was evaluated using the social support scale, while the modes of coping with diseases were identified using the medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ). Factors affecting the self-management behaviors were identified among GDM patients using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 120 GDM patients were enrolled, with a mean age of (27.58±3.73) years and gestational age of (22.16±5.82) weeks. The score for self-management behaviors was (118.19±24.86) points among GDM patients, including 15 cases with good self-management behaviors (12.50%), 61 cases with moderate behaviors (50.83%) and 44 cases with poor behaviors (36.67%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level (high school: β'=0.168; junior college and above: β'=0.187), per capita monthly household income (≥5 000 Yuan, β'=0.305), health education for GDM (β'=0.087), coping mode (avoidance: β'=0.168; acceptance: β'=0.375) and social support level (general: β'=0.184; high: β'=0.429) were factors affecting self-management behaviors among GDM patients. Conclusion The self-management behaviors of GDM patients are associated with educational level, per capita monthly household income, health education for GDM, coping mode and social support level.