Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive and proliferative type of mature B cell nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Therapeutic strategies for Burkitt's lymphoma remain a challenge because of significant toxicities and poor prognosis. Further studies investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenesis, chemotherapy and drug resistance are needed to improve the treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma.

Objective To discuss the application of sperm mobility parameters in semen quality analysis. Methods The semen samples from 2343 outpatient males were examinated following theWorld Health Organization (WHO) guide, and sperm mobility parameters were also evaluated.Results There are significant difference of all sperm mobility parameters between normal and unnormal semen groups. As spermatozoa vialibity reduced, VCL、VSL、VAP、MAD、ALH、STR had decreased and BCF had increased significantly. Compared with the group which spermatozoa density and activity were both normal, LIN、STR had reduced and MAD、BCF had increased in the small quantity sperm group. All parameters were significant difference besides ALH in the lower sperm activity group. And for that in the group which spermatozoa density and activity were both unnormal, only MAD and ALH were no significant difference. Conlusion Sperm mobility parameters may serve as key parameters of semen quality analysis and play an important role in evaluating the ability of male fertility.

From January 2006 to December 2007,44 cases of humeral shaft fractures were admitted to Department of Orthopaedics,Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,including 29 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old(ranging 19-89 years).Of them,13 cases of fracture involved upper segment,24 involved middle segment and 7 lower segment.All fractures were close fractures.According to AO/ASIF classification,there were 5 cases of type A1,11 of A2,6 of A3,6 of B1,12 of B2,and 4 of B3.All patients were treated by expendable intramedullary nailing system.Time of operation,hospitalization and healing,blood loss,intra-or postoperative complications and range of shoulder and elbow motion were recorded and analyzed statistically.X-ray was shot to observe the union of fractures.The expendable intramedullary nailing was successfully performed in all patients for 86 minutes(ranging 30-150 minutes).The blood loss ranged from 30 to 200 mL with a mean of 70 mL.Except primary injury-caused radial paralysis,no iatrogenic radial paralysis occurred.All 44 patients were follow-up with an average of 18 months.Of them,41 patients had fracture union,and 3 nonunion.The average healing time was 15.8 weeks.There were 15 patients complained of pain in the shoulder joint,which did not affect daily life.According to UCLA shoulder scoring system,an excellent result was found in 18 patients,good in 23 patients,and fair in 3 patients with an excellent/good rate of 93.2%.All the patients had the excellent results according to Mayo elbow performance score system.No infection,iatrogenic fracture,limb shortening,nail breakage,fat embolism syndrome or peripheral nerve injury was found.The expandable nail offers the advantages of little blood loss,reduced operation time and exposure to radiation.However,nail antegrade insertion may lead to shoulder pain,and it should be paid more attention for cases of rotational instability in inferior segment of the humerus.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that pedicle screw internal fixation influencing factors involve screw structural morphology, thread parameter, bone density, moment size for tightening screw during operation, and depth of screw placement. There is little known about the correlation of pullout strength of spinal pedicle screw with device for transverse traction to extraversion angle. OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of the spinal pedicle screw with device for transverse traction on pullout strength at different extraversion angles. DESIGN: Repeated measurement. SETTING: Center for Bone Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: This study was performed at Laboratory for Material Mechanics, Hehai University between June and November 2003. A total of 18 adult dried lumbar vertebrae (L1-5) were provided by Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, and recruited for this study. The protocol was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. The pedicle screw was made of stainless steel. Each pedicle screw had a diameter of 5.5 nun, total length of 150 nun (thread part 50 into included), and the same thread parameter. Electrical universal material machine (EW type) was provided by Laboratory for Material Mechanics of Hehai University. METHODS: Bone density was measured with a single photon bone density determinator. According to the bone density, the lumbar vertebrae were numbered and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 lumbar vertebrae in each: extraversion angle 5 ° group, extraversion angle 15° group, and extraversion angle 30° group. ① Installation of pedicle screw and clamping apparatus: According to Wein-Stein method, one entry-point was selected at each side of lumbar vertebra, and at the sametime, extraversion angle 5°, 15° ,and 30° were respectively defined for extraversion angle 5° , 15° ,and 30° groups. A 50 mm-depth pinhole was drilled with a drill bit with a diameter of 3.0 nun. Pedicle screw was screwed into 50 nun, and its end part was connected to the device for transverse traction. Spinal vertebrae and the device for transverse traction were fixed with a specially made clamping apparatus. ② Determination of pullout strength and observation of pedicle and vertebral injury: Spinal vertebrae, on which pedicle screw and device for transverse traction were installed, was placed on a EW electrical universal material machine together with clamping apparatus for determining the pullout strength of pedicle screw. Sensor was connected to a computer to draw strength-displacement curve. The wave crest of the curve was considered the maximum pullout strength. At the same time, injuries to pedicle and vertebra caused by pullout of pedicle screw were observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pullout strength and injuries to pedicle and vertebra. RESULTS:①The mean maximum pullout strength of pedicle screw was respectively 0.878 167, 1.420 333, and 2.154 167 KN for extraversion angle 5° , 15 ° , and 30° groups. There was significant difference among the 3 groups (F = 12.554 22, P < 0.01). ② In the extraversion angle 5° group, 4 patients presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, and 2 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge; In the extraversion angle 15° group, 1 patient presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, 4 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge, and 1 patient presented with vertebral posterior coronal fragmentation; In the extraversion angle 30° group, 1 patient presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, 2 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge, and 3 patients presented with vertebral posterior coronal fragmentation. There was statistical significance in the intergroup rank-sum test (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: During application of pedicle screw with device for transverse traction, proper accrescence of extraversion angle can increase pullout strength of the screw and enhance fixative strength, and excessive extraversion angle easily injures vertebra.

BACKGROUND:Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is one of the most important factors of lumbar spinal stenosis, but the molecular mechanism is stil not very clear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 in hypertrophy of the lumbar ligamentum flavum. METHODS: The ligamentum flavum samples were divided into three groups according to different diseases: control group (acquired from the patients with lumbar spinal canal tumor,n=6), lumbar disc herniation (LDH) group (acquired from the patients with LDH,n=6) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) group (acquired from the patients with LSS,n=6). Then the mRNA expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 and colagen I, III, V of the ligamentum flavum were detected using real-time quantitative RT-PCR method. The roles of basic fibroblast growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 were explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the LSS group was significantly higher than that in the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.05); the expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNA was not found statisticaly different among the three groups, although it was slightly higher in the LSS group (P> 0.05); the expression of transforming growth factor β1 mRNA was significantly higher in the LSS group than in the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.01). The colagen I mRNA expressed significantly higher in the LSS group than the LDH and control groups (bothP < 0.05), but both the colagen III and V mRNA showed no significant difference among the three groups (P> 0.05). This study indicate that both basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 play important roles in the formation process of the lumbar ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, and the main type of the colagen in the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum is colagen I.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the combined detection of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD)genetic polymorphism and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)in the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods 92 cases of coronary heart disease patients and 78 cases of healthy control group were selected.The activ-ity of Lp-PLA2,the activity of Mn-SOD and genotype of Mn-SOD 9 Ala/Val genetic polymorphism were detected in the ser-um of each group via the use of colorimetry,continuous monitoring technique and gene-sequencing method respectively and then the correlation of serum Mn-SOD,Lp-PLA2 and Mn-SOD genetic polymorphism with CHD were analyzed.Results The Lp-PLA2 activity in serum of CHD groups with Mn-SOD 9 VV genotype was statistically significantly higher than that of patients with the AV+AA genotype (P<0.01).The serum Mn-SOD activity in patients with VV genotype was signifi-cantly lower than that of those with AV+AA genotype (P<0.01).Conclusion Combined detection of Mn-SOD 9 Ala/Val genetic polymorphism and Lp-PLA2 activityin the serum can provide an important foundation for the diagnosis and predic-tion of coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the activity of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD)as well as its manganese superoxide dismutase isozyme (Mn-SOD),concentration levels of hypersensitive c-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and coronary heart disease.Methods The levels of serum T-SOD,Mn-SOD and hs-CRP were measured in 81 patients with coro-nary heart disease and 60 healthy controls,respectively.T-SOD was measured by colorimetricmethod and hs-CRP was meas-ured by latex enhanced immune turbidimetric assay.Results Compered with the control group,activity of T-SOD,Mn-SOD in CHD group were significantly decreased (t=9.41,6.34,all P<0.01).However,hs-CRP in CHD group were significantly increased to those in controls (t=3.09,P<0.05).The activity of T-SOD,Mn-SOD were negatively correlated with hs-CRP (P<0.01).Conclusion The variation of T-SOD,Mn-SOD activity and hs-CRP content were closely related to the occur-rence and development of CHD,they could be the impor tant indicators for riskfactors assessment of CHD.Moreover,con-joint analysis the correlation of T-SOD,Mn-SOD and hs-CRP has certain guiding significance for the clinical treatment and prognosis of coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (HCY)levels and oxidative stress in pa-tients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of CHD in 2010 (WS 319-2010)is-sued by the Ministry of Health,79 patients with CHD in Xi’an Central Hospital from June 2014 to December 2014 were se-lected as the experimental group,and 5 5 cases of healthy physical examination for the same period were selected as the nor-mal control group.The levels of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA)and the activity of antioxidant enzyme su-peroxide dismutase (SOD)in serum were detected to analyze the state of oxidative stress.The levels of serum HCY were de-tected,and the correlation between HCY levels and MDA levels and SOD activity was analyzed.Results The levels of MDA in the CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group,while SOD activity was significantly lower than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t=3.112,2.684,all P<0.05).The levels of HCY in the CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=3.268,P<0.05).In the CHD group,the levels of HCY were positively correlated with the levels of MDA (r=0.236,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with SOD activity (r=-0.221,P<0.05).Conclusion Serum HCY levels were increased and oxidative stress reaction was enhanced in patients with CHD.Oxidative stress was associated with elevated serum HCY levels.Serum HCY levels and oxidative stress played an important role in the occurrence and development of CHD.