The free membrane of Eudragit L100/S100 which is pH-sensitive, colon-specific was prepared by plane casting films. The film humidity, species and amount of plasticizers, the ratio of membrane material was investigated. The rate of membrane permeability and mechanical properties were used as indicators of orthogonal experiment, and its related properties were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of the membrane and phragmoid capacity are the best when 30% TEC was used as plasticizer; the ratio of membrane material have little effect on the rate of membrane permeability and mechanical properties. By adjusting the species and amount of plasticizers, the ratio of Eudragit L100/S100, the free membrane which is colon-specific can be obtained.

The effect of Smac gene on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the molecular mechanism were investigated. The Smac gene was transfected into PC-3 cells under the induction of liposome. The intrinsic Smac gene expression was detected by Western blotting. After treatment with TRAIL as an apoptosis inducer, in vitro cell growth activity was assayed by MTT colorimetry. The apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells was determined by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. The expression of cellular XIAP and caspase-3 genes was examined by Western blotting. Smac-transfected cells (PC-3/Smac group) had significantly increased Smac protein level as compared with PC-3 controls (P<0.01). After induction with 100-200 ng/mL TRAIL for 12-36 h, cellular proliferation rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly lower than in PC-3 controls (P<0.05). After induction with 100 ng/mL TRAIL for 24 h, the apoptosis rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly enhanced as compared with that of PC-3 controls (P<0.05). Accordingly, the XIAP expression level was down-regulated significantly (P<0.05) and caspase-3 subunit P20 was up-regulated significantly (P<0.05). It is suggested that the over-expression of cellular Smac can inhibit inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), enhance caspases activity and the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells induced by TRAIL, which may provide a useful experimental basis for prostate cancer therapy.

Objective To analyze the effect of endophytic renal tumor growth characteristic on the short-term outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN).Methods From March 2015 to October 2016,23 RALPN cases of endophytic renal masses and 68 RALPN cases of intermediate and exophytic renal tumors were retrospectively analyzed.There were no significant differences in age,gender,tumor side,history of abdominal surgery,benign and malignant cases of the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05).Patients with a completely endophytic mass had smaller tumors [(2.4 ± 0.5) cm vs.(3.9 ± 1.1) cm],and higher overall R.E.N.A.L.score (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of perioperative period and postoperative follow-up results were analyzed.Results All 91 RALPN cases were successfully done without conversion to open or radical nephrectomy.There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative Hb decrease,intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion rate,hospital days,positive tumor margins,and the incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or above in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The endophytic group showed longer operative time [(95.6 ± 19.4) min vs.(75.3 ± 16.9) min],and longer renal warm ischemia [(25.2 ±5.4)min vs.(17.6 ±7.0)min].In the postoperative follow-up of 3 months to 22 months,all patients got disease-free survival.Conclusions RALPN for completely intraparenchymal renal tumors can be safely and effectively performed in experienced institutes.However,the long-term period of follow-up is still missing.

Aim To explore the growth inhibition effects of jasmonates on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line,and to investigate its mechanisms.Methods After administration of 0.5~2.5 mmol?L-1 jasmonates for 6~24 hrs, the growth inhibition rates of SH-SY5Y cells were studied by MTT colorimetry.Cell cycle phases were assayed by propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. Cellular apoptosis was inspected by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry.Gene expressions of PCNA, cyclin D1 and N-myc were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results Jasmonates inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,while the methyl jasmonate was the most efficient. After administration of 0.5 to 2.5 mmol?L-1 of methyl jasmonate for 24 hrs,the growth inhibition rates of cells reached 5.75%~88.7%(P

The effects of synthetic Smac peptide (SmacN7) on chemotherapeutic sensitivity of bladder cancer cells were investigated. SmacN7 penetratin peptide was synthesized and delivered into T24 cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of T24 cells induced by low-dosage of MMC. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of XIAP and Caspase-3. The activity of Caspase-3 was measured and the effect of SmacN7 combined with MMC on T24 cell lines was also determined. The results showed that SmacN7 penetratin peptide could successfully interact with endogenous XIAP, increase the proportions of apoptosis of T24 cell lines induced by low-dosage of MMC in a dose-and time-dependent manner. An obvious down-regulation of XIAP expression and up-regulation of Caspase-3 was identified by Western blot. The activity of Caspase-3 in experimental group was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group. As compared with MMC group, the viability of T24 cells in SmacN7 penetratin peptide + MMC group was markedly decreased to 2.22 and 3.61 folds at 24h and 48h respectively. It was concluded that SmacN7 penetratin peptide could act as a cell-permeable IAP inhibitor, inhibit the proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance the chemo-sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to MMC. These findings indicate that SmacN7 penetratin peptide may be a very promising ageut for bladder cancer treatment when used in combination with chemotherapy.

The effect of Smac gene on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the molecular mechanism were investigated.The Smac gene was transfected into PC-3 cells under the induction of liposome.The intrinsic Smac gene expression was detected by Western blotting.After treatment with TRAIL as an apoptosis inducer,in vitro cell growth activity was assayed by MTT colorimetry.The apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells was determined by annexin V -FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry.The expression of cellular XIAP and caspase-3 genes was examined by Western blotting.Smac-transfected cells (PC-3/Smac group) had significantly increased Smac protein level as compared with PC-3 controls (P＜0.01).After induction with 100-200 ng/mL TRAIL for 12-36 h,cellular proliferation rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly lower than in PC-3 controls (P＜0.05).After induction with 100 ng/mL TRAIL for 24 h,the apoptosis rate in PC-3/Smac group was significantly enhanced as compared with that of PC-3 controls (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the XIAP expression level was down-regulated significantly (P＜0.05) and caspase-3 subunit P20 was up-regulated significantly (P＜0.05).It is suggested that the over-expression of cellular Smac can inhibit inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs),enhance caspases activity and the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells induced by TRAIL,which may provide a useful experimental basis for prostate cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To detect pathogenic variant in a child featuring Usher syndrome type II. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected for the analysis of variants of hearing impairment-related genes. The findings were verified in 100 individuals with normal hearing. RESULTS: The child was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the USH2A gene, namely c.8224-1G>C in intron 41 and c.5678C>G(p.Ser1893X) in exon 28, which were inherited respectively from his mother and father. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines, both c.8224-1G>C and c.5678C>G(p.Ser1893X) variants of USH2A gene were predicted to be pathogenic(PVS1+PM2+PM3). CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants c.8224-1G>C and c.5678C>G of the USH2A gene probably underlay the disease in this child. Above finding has enriched the spectrum of USH2A gene variants.
Child ; Exons ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics* ; Family ; Humans ; Introns ; United States ; Usher Syndromes/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the curative efficacy of radical prostatectomy (RP) for T 4 stage prostate cancer invading bladder neck. Methods:The clinical data of 22 patients with T 4 stage prostate cancer invading bladder neck treated with RP from April 2013 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was (64.09±6.33) years, and the preoperative blood PSA was 57.70(39.40, 68.56) ng/ml. Preoperative MRI or PSMA-PET examination revealed bladder neck invasion, including 16 cases (72.73%) of urinary retention. Clinical stage of T 4N 0M 0 accounted for 40.91% (9/22), T 4N 1M 0 accounted for 45.45% (10/22), and T 4N 1M 1 accounted for 13.64% (3/22). Preoperative patients were not treated with neoadjuvant endocrine or chemotherapy. Laparoscopic or robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. Results:The 22 operations were successfully completed without conversion. The operation time was(184.27±34.82) min, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was (210.91±83.03) ml, the retention time of drainage tube was (4.73 ± 1.03) days, the recovery of gastrointestinal function took 3 (2, 3) days, and the postoperative hospital stay was (6.68 ± 1.39) days. Postoperative pathology showed that the Gleason score of 7 points accounted for 4.54% (1/22), 8 points accounted for 13.64% (3/22), and 9 points accounted for 81.82% (18/22). The positive rate of margin was 81.82% (18/22). Pathological stage of T 4N 0M 0 accounted for 22.73% (5/22), T 4N 1M 0 accounted for 63.64% (14/22), and T 4N 1M 1 accounted for 13.64% (3/22), of which extracapsular or seminal vesicle invasion accounted for 90.91% (20/22). The incidence of postoperative complications above grade 3 was 9.09% (2/22), and the rate of urinary control recovery after 3 months of surgery was 90.91% (20/22). 16 patients with preoperative urinary retention were able to urinate normally after operation. All patients were treated with adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with or without antiandrogens, and 13 cases (59.09%) were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. The postoperative PSA value before adjuvant treatment was 2.53 (0.51, 5.44) ng/ml. The median survival time was not reached. Two patients died of prostate cancer at 71 and 84 months and one patient died of heart disease at 28 months. Conclusions:RP surgery could effectively relieve the condition of urinary retention with low incidence of operative complications. Although the positive rate of surgical margin is high, RP could be used as one of the treatment options for T 4 stage prostate cancer invading bladder neck, while the long-term effect is still needed to be further analyzed.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of robot-assisted laparoscopic single-position nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 15 UTUC patients admitted to Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from October 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 7 females, with a median age of 58.6 (ranging 52.6-69.6) years, including 8 cases of renal pelvic cancer, 2 cases of upper ureteral cancer, 5 cases of middle and lower ureteral cancer.The tumor located on the left side in 5 cases and right side in 10 cases. All 15 patients underwent robot-assisted one-step transperitoneal nephroureterectomy and bladder sleeve resection by the same surgeon. The patients were placed in a 70° healthy side lying position with a 10° head lower and foot high position. After routinely dissecting the kidneys and controlling the renal hilum, we continued to dissect the ureter down to the orifice of the bladder. The lymph node dissection was performed when dissecting the kidney and ureter. Then the ureter was resected like a sleeve and the bladder was sutured. Observation indicators, such as operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage tube and urinary catheter placement days, were recorded.Results:All 15 patients were successfully completed the operation in the same position and the same robot berth without conversion. The median operation time was 103 (ranging 82-185) min, and the intraoperative median blood loss was 60 (ranging 30-120) ml. The postoperative median drainage catheter placement time was 3 (ranging 2-5) d, the postoperative median hospital stay was 5 (ranging 4-7) d, and the postoperative urinary catheters were placed for 14 days. Postoperative pathological examinations of 15 patients showed UTUC without positive margins. The median follow-up time was 15 (ranging 10-30) months. All 15 patients survived. One patient was found a recurrence in the bladder after cystoscopy. There was no tumor progression after bladder tumor resection and bladder perfusion chemotherapy, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was seen in the remaining 14 cases.Conclusions:Robot-assisted single-position transperitoneal nephroureterectomy for UTUC does not need to change patient position and robot berth, which effectively shortens the operation time, and achieves good tumor control effect. The short-term follow-up results were satisfactory.