Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease,of which clinical symptoms give priority to movement disorders,accompanied by a series of non-motor symptoms,such as pain.Studies suggest that 40％ to 85％ of PD patients combined with pain,of more nature is related to muscleskeletal and dystonia.PD combined with pain severely reduces the quality of life of patients.However,it is still lack of uniform clinical evaluation and effective treatment.This paper makes a brief overview about the status and research progress of the evaluation and treatment of PD combined with pain.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of two bioceramic materials, iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in the preservation of vital pulp of mature permanent teeth with exposed pulp of caries origin, so as to provide insights into appropriate selection of pulp capping agents in clinical process. Methods: Vital pulp therapy were performed on 120 mature permanent teeth with carious exposure at the Department of Stomatology of Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups which were treated respectively by iRoot BP Plus (iRoot group) and MTA (MTA group). The clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical examinations and imaging examinations. Results: There were 60 cases in iRoot group, including 23 males and 37 females, 27 cases affected premolars and 33 cases affected molars, and 8 cases of Class I and 52 cases of Class II cavity type, with a median age of 41 (interquartile range, 12) years. There were 60 cases in MTA group, including 29 males and 31 females, 21 cases affected premolars and 39 cases affected molars, and 10 cases of Class I and 50 cases of Class II cavity type, with a median age of 39 (interquartile range, 14) years. There were no significant differences in gender, age, affected tooth location and cavity type between the two groups (P>0.05). The success rate of iRoot group at 12 months was 91.67% while the MTA group was 88.33%, and the pulp infection rate of iRoot group at 12 months was 8.33% while the MTA group was 11.67%. There were no significant differences in success rate and pulp infection rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The rate of crown discoloration in MTA group was 61.67%, while there was no discoloration in iRoot group. Conclusions During 12 months, iRoot BP Plus and MTA can both achieve great effects in the treatment of mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure, but there is a problem of tooth discoloration after pulp covering using MTA. The long-term clinical effects of the two materials need to be further studied.

Objective: Exploring the epidemiological state of pervasive developmental disorder in 2-6 year-old children in Beijing. Methods: A total of 21866 children aged 2-6 year-old were recruited from permanent residents of Beijing by 2-phase cluster sampling.The Clancy Autism Behavior Scale was used for screening.The Childhood Autism Rating Scale and DSM-Ⅳ were used for diagnosis.Results: 16 children were diagnosed as pervasive developmental disorder (14 with autistic disorder, 1 with atypical autistic disorder, 1 with Rett syndrome).The false negative rate was 0.80 ‰.The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder was 0.73 ‰, the adjusted prevalence was 1.53 ‰,the average annual detective rate was 0.11‰.The prevalence rate had no difference in distribution between urban-rural, among different age groups, sex and nations(?2=0.11~1.85,P=0.739-0.173).The low family income was related to high prevalence significantly ( tendency ?2=4.70,P=0.030 ).25% children with pervasive developmental disorder had not been identified by parents or had not been to clinics.80% children with pervasive developmental disorder had not get intervention.All children had demand to get intervention. Conclusions: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in 2-6 year-old children in Beijing was not low.Low family income is the risk factor.The rate of intervention was low.The government should pay close attention to the children with pervasive developmental disorder and their needs.

Objective To investigate the curative effects and adverse reactions of pure radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with cervical cancer who accepted treatment in the Affliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical Unive.rsity from May 2010 to May 2012 were collected.All patients were divided into two groups:pure radiotherapy group (n =65) and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group (n =62).The curative effects,adverse reactions and survival of two groups were observed.Results All patients were completed treatment.The median follow-up time was 42 months.The rate of complete response in the pure radiotherapy group was 80.0％ (52/65),and the rate in the concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group was 82.26％ (51/62),with no significant difference (x2 =1.22,P =0.352).The 1-year overall survival rates in the pure radiotherapy group and the concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy group were 95.38％ and 95.16％ respectively,with no significant difference (x2 =0.32,P =0.533),but the 3-year overall survival rates were 81.54％ and 90.32％ respectively,the 5-year overall survival rates were 72.31％ and 83.87％ respectively,with significant differences (x2 =5.09,P =0.015;x2=3.87,P =0.039).However,for the patients who were ≥ 60 years,the 1-year overall survival rates in the two groups were 94.62％ and 93.91％ respectively,the 3-year overall survival rates were 85.02％ and 87.25％ respectively,the 5-year overall survival rates were 70.06％ and 73.58％ respectively,with no significant differences (x2 =0.06,P =0.753;x2 =1.16,P =0.279;x2 =0.48,P =0.511).The adverse reactions were mainly in grades 1-2.There were significant differences in the rates of leucopenia (56.10％ vs.72.20％),thrombocytopenia (58.82％ vs.76.80％),nausea and vomiting (34.04％ vs.56.90％) among the two treatment groups (x2 =11.23,P =0.003;x2 =11.82,P=0.002;x2 =12.77,P =0.000).Conclusion The curative effect of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy is better than that with pure radiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer,which can improve the 3-year and 5-year overall survival.But at the same time,it should be noted that the rates of adverse reactions may be increased during the same period.For the age of 60 or more patients with cervical cancer,concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy does not achieve even greater survival benefit.

Objective To summarize the manifestation of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis by ultrasound and discuss the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Methods The ultrasonic appearances of 31 cases of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis confirmed by clinics and pathology were reviewed and analyzed. Results Nineteen of 31 cases were observed in association with eosinophilic infiltration of other organs which were diagnosed as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.Eosinophilic cystitis was the most common among the complications(89.4%,17/19).Twelve of 31 cases were diagnosed as eosinophilic gastroenteritis without complications.The endoscopic appearances of eosinophilic gastroenteritis were nonspecific which include erythematous,hyperemia edema,and partiality erosion changes.Endoscopy demonstrates increased numbers of eosinophils in the propria of stomach and the duodenum.Ultrasound features of the gastroenteritis appeared diffuse or the parts of gastrointestinal tract.The most common sites of eosinophilic gastroenteritis were the stomach and duodenum.Involvement of muscle layer and serosal layer showed wall thickening of cyclic annular and uniformity.Ultrasound might show nodular or irregular thickening of the folds in the gastric antrum when the submucosa were thickening.The mucosal layer involvement was not easy to be found by ultrasound.The echo of serous layer and submucosa associated with the disease stage.The thickening of surrounding omentum and mesenteric tissue,echo enhancement and nonspecific hyperplastic mesenteric lymph nodes infiltrated with eosinophils might be present.Eosinophilic ascites could often be detected.Conclusions Ultrasound has obvious advantages in the diagnosis of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis,and the ultrasonic changes of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis are characterized.Ultrasonography can provide the possible diagnosis when combined with inflammatory of other organs,especially cystitis inflammatory changes.

Objective To explore the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) on breast cancer.Methods Image features of 80 breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were observed and analyzed by CEUS.In the process,the changes of primary foci before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the changes of qualitative and quantitative indexes of blood perfusion were evaluated.The correlation between qualitative change and pathological response was also studied.Results The change of focus size measured by CEUS was higher than that of conventional ultrasound before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(P ＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two measurements before NAC(P ＞ 0.05).All the qualitative observation indexes of the ultrasound contrast after NAC revealed obviously benign conversion(P ＜0.05).Among them,the pathological response was closely related to the changes of the enhancement degree,the distribution of the contrast agent,the order of the contrast and the contrast mode.After NAC,the perfusion parameters of the lesions showed slowly crawl and slowly retreat,low enhancement and the diminished total amount of microcirculation perfusion.Conclusions Before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,the changes of the lesion size deteted by CEUS were more close to the pathological evaluation than those detected by conventional ultrasound.The benign outcome of qualitative and quantitative indexes of the CEUS was more obvious than the changes of the lesion size,which had practical value for guiding the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,especially the CEUS indexes related to pathological assessment.

Objective To investigate the effect of PTEN gene in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) was used to detect PTEN mRNA expressed in the endometria of the nonpregnant mice and the late pregnant mice(day 1,day 3,day 4,day 5 and day 7),with 20 mice sacrificed at each fixed day.Out of another 20 3-day pregnant mice,ten received PTEN antisense oligonucleotide at the horn of uterus and ten received normal saline to count the blastocysts at pregnant day 8.Results The PTEN mRNA/?-actin mRNA in pregnant mice was higher than that of nonpregnant mice,gradually hoisted as days passed by,and reached the highest at pregnant day 5.The number of blastocysts in the mice that received PTEN antisense oligonucleotide was fewer than that received normal saline.Conclusion PTEN persistently expresses in mouse endometria during the early pregnancy and maybe participate in the regulation process of mouse blastodyst implantation.

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of Chinese version of Psycho-Educational Profile (C-PEP) for children with autism in order to develop an assessment tool suitable for Chinese autistic children.Methods:A sample of 438 children who were diagnosed as autism according to the Diagnostic and Statisti-cal Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)criteria and aged from 2 to 11 coming from four differ-ent medical or educational rehabilitation agencies of Beijing,Wuhan,Shenzhen and Changchun were selected.488 Children with 2 to 7 years old were sampled from ordinary kindergartens.This study examined the validity and reli-ability of C-PEP using autism sample.Construct validity was tested with the C-PEP by inter-subscale Pearson corre-lations and confirmative factor analysis.Criterion-related validity was tested with the Peabody Picture and Vocabula-ry Test (PPVT),Combined Raven Test (CRT),Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS),Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)and the age as criteria.Discriminate validity was obtained by comparing the differences between the typi-cal and autism samples with the total scores of C-PEP.Internal consistency and rater reliability of C-PEP were ex-amined by Cronbach α,ANOVA of rater variation and intra-class correlation coefficients.Results:The inter-sub-scale correlations of C-PEP were medium relevance,the subscale and domain correlations were relatively high.Confirmative factor analysis indicated a relatively high fitting index between the model and sample da-ta.Regarding the concurrent validity of the C-PEP,the development total score was significantly correlated with the Raven's IQ,PPVT IQ,and ADQ scores,pathological behavior total score was positively related to the CARS score.T test results showed that children with autism were significantly behind the typical children at all age lev-els.Results also revealed that the internal consistency based on coefficient alpha and the intra-class correlation coef-ficients of raters for all subtests of C-PEP were reliable.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of Psycho-Educational Profile (C-PEP)is of good validity and reliability,and it could be used as an effective tool for measur-ing children with autism.

Objective To study the effects of postoperative immune-enhancing enteral nutrition (IEEN)on the liver function and postoperative infectious complications after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Between January 2010 and December 2011,96 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive postoperative enteral nutrition with IEEN (IEEN group,n =48) or standard enteral nutrition (control group,n =48) for 5 days,respectively.Calorie and nitrogen of the same quantity were provided for both groups from the first day after surgery.The liver function tests and routine blood tests were performed.The postoperative hospital stay and postoperative infectious complications were also compared between these two groups.Results The serum albumin,prealbumin,alanine aminotransferase,and total bilirubin levels had no significant differences between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).On the 6th day after operation,the level of total lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the IEEN group than that in the control group [(2106 ± 1057) vs.(1648 ± 1079) / μL,P =0.038).The postoperative hospital stay was (10.3 ±5.6) days in the IEEN group and (13.4 ±6.7) days in the control group (P =0.016).Postoperative infectious complications were observed in 8 (16.7％) patients in the IEEN group and 17 (35.4％) patients in the control group (P =0.036).Conclusion Early postoperative IEEN can improve the clinical outcomes of liver cancer patients after hepatectomy.

Between January 2011 and December 2011,86 patients undergoing operation for anorectal disease were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive a mixed injection of methylene blue,ropivacaine and sodium chloride (observation group,n =43) or traditional analgesic methods (control group,n =43).Patients in observation group had less visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pain at 6-48 h postoperation than control group (P ＜0.05).The scores had no significant difference at 72 h postoperation between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The total postoperative complications (8,19％) and hospitalization duration [(5.3 ± 2.2) days] in observation group were significantly less than those [15,35 ％ and (6.4 ±1.7) days] in control group (P ＜ 0.05).A mixed injection of methylene blue and ropivacaine intraoperatively can relieve the postoperative pain of patients with anorectal disease and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and the duration of hospitalization.