Objective: To preliminarily develop Health Literacy Scale for pupils, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring and related health literacy research among pupils. Methods: Through policy and literature review, the health literacy evaluation index system of pupils was established. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the evaluation index system and scale item pool of three levels in primary school were formed, and "Evaluation Scale 1.0" was developed. Through two panel discussions, health education experts, teachers and students were invited to provide advices on the content, expression and structure of scale 1.0, turning it into "Evaluation Scale 2.0", and completing the preliminary development of the scale. Results: The health literacy assessment index system of primary school students includes three levels，including level-1 was Grade 1-2, level-2 was Grade 3-4,level-3 was Grade 5-6, covering two level indexes. The scale for primary school students contained five horizontal dimensions and four vertical dimensions. In the Delphi consultation, the response rate was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.85. After item selection and modification, the final version of level-1, level-2 and level-3 scales contained 36, 44 and 50 items respectively. Conclusion The development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for pupils has high applicability and practical value.