PURPOSE: We analyzed the results of lateral retinacular release(LRR) and proximal realignment for recurrent patellar instability after trauma according to the anatomical predisposing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients of fifteen cases of recurrent patellar instability had been evaluated. Clinical assessment were performed by Q-angle, apprehension test, passive patellar tilt test and general joint laxity. The anatomical predisposing factors assessed by plain radiographs included patella alta, sulcus angle, femoral trochlear dysplasia, genu valgum and patellar dysplasia. Clinical results were assessed by Kujala scoring system. Radiographic results were assessed by congruence angle. The results were analyzed according to the predisposing factors. RESULTS: Patella alta was observed in eight, increased sulcus angle in six, trochlear dysplasia in twelve, genu valgum in five and patella dysplasia in four cases. The result of treatment (Kujala score / congruence angle) was 85.8 / 9.7degrees in group A(predisposing factors > or = 3) and 91.4 / -5.3degrees in group B (predisposing factors<3)(p=0.036). We had 4 cases of recurrence after operation and genu valgum was related with recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: The clinical results of LRR and proximal realignment for recurrent patellar instability developed after trauma were worse in cases with more anatomical predisposing factors.
Causality* ; Genu Valgum ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Patella ; Recurrence

Background: Higher statin intensity is associated with a lower risk of mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between statin intensity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Methods: We studied whether statin intensity affects kidney function decline in 1,073 patients from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. The participants were classified based on statin intensity as low, moderate, and high. The study endpoint was CKD progression (composite of doubling of serum creatinine, ≥ 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] from baseline, or end-stage renal disease). Results: The mean age was 56.0 ± 11.4 years, and 665 (62.0%) participants were male. The mean eGFR was 51.7 ± 26.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; there were no differences in baseline eGFR among statin intensity groups. During the median follow-up of 39.9 (25.4-61.6) months, 255 (23.8%) patients reached the study endpoint. In multivariable Cox model after adjustment of confounders, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for adverse kidney outcome were 0.97 (0.72-1.30) and 1.15 (0.60-2.20) in moderate and high statin intensity groups, respectively, compared with the low intensity group. In addition, no significant association was observed in subgroups stratified by age, sex, eGFR, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores. Conclusion We did not observe any significant association between intensity of statin therapy and progression of CKD. Long-term kidney outcomes may not be affected by statin intensity.