Airway edema, stenosis, obstruction and even asphyxia are easy to occur in patients with extensive burn, deep burn of head, face, and neck area, inhalation injuries, etc., which threaten life. Timely tracheotomy and intubation is an important treatment measure, but lack of knowledge and improper handling in some hospitals resulted in airway obstruction. The technique of percutaneous tracheotomy and intubation provides convenience for emergency treatment of critical burns and mass burn. The Burn and Trauma Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society organized some experts in China to discuss the indications, timing, methods, extubation, and precautions of tracheotomy and intubation for burn patients. The (2018 ) .
Airway Obstruction ; prevention & control ; Burn Units ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; therapy ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Airway edema, stenosis, obstruction and even asphyxia are easy to occur in patients with extensive burn, deep burn of head, face, and neck area, inhalation injuries, etc., which threaten life. Timely tracheotomy and intubation is an important treatment measure, but lack of knowledge and improper handling in some hospitals resulted in airway obstruction. The technique of percutaneous tracheotomy and intubation provides convenience for emergency treatment of critical burns and mass burn. The Chinese Geriatrics Society organized some experts in China to discuss the indications, timing, methods, extubation, and precautions of tracheotomy and intubation for burn patients. The (2018 ) .
Airway Obstruction ; prevention & control ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; China ; Consensus ; Edema ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neck ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Tracheotomy

Alanine Transaminase ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Liver/pathology* ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Quinazolines

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of novel P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors including prasugrel or ticagrelor on platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and provide clinical data for novel oral P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors use among Chinese patients.

METHODSBetween October 2011 to February 2014, 174 consecutive patients (135 males; (67.8±11.8) years old) with ACS undergoing PCI in Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau were prospectively enrolled in this study. Oral aspirin and one P2Y(12) receptor inhibitor were administered for 5 days or above after PCI, patients were divided into clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor groups in accordance with the agent administered. Platelet reactivity of the patients was detected by VerifyNow P2Y(12) reaction unit (PRU); and the high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) and non-HPR were defined as PRU≥208 and PRU<208 respectively. Patients with HPR during clopidogrel therapy were switched either to prasugrel or ticagrelor, or continued the same treatment; and then the platelet reactivity was monitored again.

RESULTSThere were 113 clopidogrel cases (64.9%), 20 prasugrel cases (11.5%) and 41 ticagrelor cases (23.6%). Fifty-seven cases (32.8%) were defined as HPR post P2Y(12) receptor inhibitor use, in which 55 cases (55/113, 48.7%) were treated with clopidogrel. The degree of inhibition of platelet reactivity was significantly different in patients on clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor therapy, percent inhibition assayed by the VerifyNow P2Y(12) system was 28.2%±23.5%, 61.4%±26.7% and 81.3%±19.8% respectively (P<0.05). Different degree of platelet reactivity was achieved by the 3 P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors at multiple time points. The among-group differences in platelet reactivity became apparent at the early treatment stage (P<0.05). Platelet aggregation decreased significantly in patients switched from clopidogrel to prasugrel or ticagrelor (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONNovel oral P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors are more effective in inhibiting platelet reactivity in ACS patients, and our results show that novel oral P2Y(12) receptor inhibitors provide a new option for ACS patients with HPR post clopidogrel or high-risk features of ischemic complications, including stent thrombosis and post-PCI ischemic events.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Adenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; Aged ; Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Platelet Function Tests ; Prasugrel Hydrochloride ; Prospective Studies ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.
Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Birds ; Far East ; Geese* ; Lakes ; Mastication* ; Mongolia ; Phthiraptera* ; Population Density ; Prevalence

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.
Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Birds ; Far East ; Geese* ; Lakes ; Mastication* ; Mongolia ; Phthiraptera* ; Population Density ; Prevalence

Objective: To explore the relationship between environmental factors as urinary cadmium and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults. Methods: Case-control study was adopted, including 166 cases and 427 controls. General characteristics of the subjects were collected by a structured questionnaire. FPG, biochemical indexes and urinary cadmium (UCd) were detected respectively, while UCd was corrected with creatinine. Unconditioned logistic regression model was applied to analyze the relationship between UCd and DM. Results: Levels of UCd appeared higher in cases with the following characteristics as: having primary school education (P=0.016), being female (P=0.013), being non-smokers (P=0.014) or non-alcoholic (P=0.025), and with BMI>25.00 kg/m(2) (P=0.040, P=0.025) than those appeared in the control group. Same results were shown in the 60-69 years (P=0.024) old group. Data from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that family history of DM (OR=3.19, 95%CI: 1.45-7.03), education status (OR=1.50,95%CI: 1.08-2.08) and UCd (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.08-2.41) were influencing factors on DM. Conclusion: A close association between UCd and DM was noticed. UCd appeared a risk factor on DM that called for setting up related prevention program to reduce the exposure of Cd and to control the risk on DM.
Adult ; Cadmium/urine* ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Manufacturing Industry ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective: The number of children with polydactyly is increasing. In addition to genetic factors, an influence of maternal behavior or environmental effects during pregnancy is becoming increasingly apparent. However, epidemiological data on these effects are lacking. Methods: This hospital-based, case-control study enrolled 143 infants with polydactyly and 286 controls without genetic diseases to evaluate the association between active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and the likelihood of giving birth to a child with polydactyly. Results: Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of giving birth to a child with polydactyly (active smoking: OR=4.74, 95%CI: 1.43-15.65, P=0.011; passive smoking: OR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.32-4.44, P=0.004). After adjusting for confounders, smoking during pregnancy remained significant influence on polydactyly (active smoking: aOR=7.27, 95%CI: 1.72-30.72, P=0.007; passive smoking: aOR=2.41, 95%CI: 1.11-5.23, P=0.026). Conclusion: Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to be a risk factor for polydactyly in newborns.
Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Fingers/abnormalities* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data* ; Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data* ; Polydactyly/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data*

The process of globalization increases the risk of global transmission of infectious diseases, resulting in pressure for country's prevention and control of imported infectious disease. Based on the risk assessment of disease importation and local transmission, a strategy that conducting importation prevention and routine prevention and control before the importation of disease and taking emergency control measures after the importation of disease was developed. In addition, it is important to take part in global infectious disease response action, aid the countries with outbreak or epidemic to actively decrease the risk of disease importation.
Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/transmission* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Epidemics ; Global Health ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Travel