The fundus lesions appear in early pathological myopia and develops step by step,causing significant visual impairment.The occurrence of choroidal neovascularization is the main cause for the vision loss.This paper gives an introduction to the prevalence,damages,outcomes,affecting factors and treatment for pathologic myopia,and lays emphasis on the progress of medical treatment with anti-vascular endothelium growth factor.

OBJECTIVE To study the bioactive phytochemicals in the leaves of A.ilicifolius against Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS A. ilicifolius leaves were collected from Cuddalore District,Tamil Nadu,India.Authenticated by the Botanical Survey of India. The fresh leaves of A. ilicifolius were washed and shade dried at room temperature (28 ± 2)℃. The dried leaves were powdered by electrical blender.25 gms of A.ilicifolius leaf powder was used for methanol extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus.The Phytochemical compounds were analyzed by GC-MS and the structure was retrieved from PubChem.Totally,seven HCC target proteins were collected from literature, ligand and proteins were prepared for in silico molecular docking. HepG2 cell lines were used for in vitro (MTT assay). BALB/c mice were used for in vivo studies, the biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were carried out with standard procedure. RESULTS The phytochemical 26.27-Di (nor)-cholest-5, 7, 23-trien-22-ol, 3-methoxymethoxy exhibited maximum docking score against the HCC target protein C-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK 1) (-6.839798). MTT assay revealed that the extract at a concentration of 200 μg·mL-1,caused 60% cell death in HepG2 cell lines.Further animal studies using to injecting HCC induced BALB/c mice,restoration of haematological parameters and cells to normal was observed after 15 days of oral administration of the extract.These findings suggest the possibility of using A.ilicifolius leaves in the treatment of HCC.CONCLUSION The in silico,in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the A.ilicifolius leaves had anticancereous activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma.There can be a possibility of synergistic activity of phytochemicals together against HCC.

To investigate the gene mutation in a pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) and to explore the relationship between the mutation and its clinical manifestations, genomic DNA of affected members, the normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members was extracted with a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit and the DNA was used as a template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated amplification of exon 1 and exon 10 of the STS gene. hHb6 (human hair basic keratin) gene was used as the internal control. Our results showed that the STS gene was deleted in affected members in the pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis. The normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members had no such deletion. The proband and his mother had products in the internal control after PCR amplification. The blank control had no product. It is concluded that deletion of the STS gene existed in this pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis, and it is responsible for the unique skin lesions of X-linked ichthyosis.

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypoglycemic action and β-cell protective effect of salidroside in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice and cultured mouse islets.METHODS C57BL∕6J mice were injected with a single dose of 1 50 mg∕kg freshly prepared STZ with citrate buffer as control.The salidroside intervention with a dosage of 100 mg∕kg∕d was ini-tiated on the 8th day after STZ injection and conducted for 30 d.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured every five days. After 30 d treatment,the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)was performed,and blood samples were collected to detect plas-ma insulin concentrations.The isolated mouse islets were cultured with salidroside(50 μmol∕L) or DMSO for 3 d.Ki67 stai-ning and TUNEL assay were performed to investigate the effects of salidroside on β-cell proliferation and apoptosis.Mean-while,the mRNA levels of insulin,Pdx-1,GLP-1R and IL-1βin islets were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS Compared with the STZ group,salidroside displayed significantly hypoglycemic effects,together with increased plasma insulin contents as well as improved OGTT.The Ki67 staining in cultured islets showed the proliferation ofβ-cell was remarkably increased by salidro-side,while the β-cell apoptosis induced by high glucose was strongly inhibited by salidroside.Moreover,the mRNA levels of insulin,Pdx-1 and GLP-1R were up-regulated by salidroside significantly.However,the mRNA level of IL-1βwhich is a cyto-kine involved inβ-cell apoptosis was down-regulated by salidroside.CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that sali-droside can ameliorate the hyperglycemia in STZ diabetic mice by protecting β-cell survival with increased β-cell proliferation and decreasedβ-cell apoptosis.

Objective:To observe the effects of hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis (HP+HD)and hemodiafiltration (HDF)on the macro-molecules and quality of life and nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Sixty patients undergoing MHD were selected and randomly divided into HDF group and (HP+HD) group,with 30 cases in each group.The Leptin,interleukin-6 (IL-6 ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and CRP level were detected.The reduction rates of each molecule were calculated,the nutritional status and quality of life of patients were evaluated,and the differences between two groups were compared.Results:The clearance rates of Leptin,IL-6,and TNF-αin (HP+HD)group were higher than which in HDF group.After 6 months of treatment,the inflammatory markers of IL-6 , TNF-αand CRP in (HP+HD)group were significantly lower than which in HDF group,and the nutritional status and quality of life were better than HDF group as well.Conclusions:HP+HD can effectively reduce the level of macro-molecules, alleviate inflammatory status,improve nutritional status and quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether green tea consumption can reduce the risk of adult leukemia.

METHODSA hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in 2005 - 2006. We recruited 107 confirmed leukemia cases and 110 inpatient controls with orthopedic disease without leukemia or other malignancy matched on gender, age and hospitals that patients stayed. Related information were gathered on quantity, duration and frequency of tea consumption, demographic characteristics, exposure to radiation and occupational hazards, medications, using a validated questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with SPSS 11.5 software.

RESULTSCompared with non-tea-drinkers, the OR of those who consumed green tea was 0.58 (95% CI:0.34-1.00, P< 0.05) under univariate statistical analysis. The OR was 0.52 ( 95% CI: 0.28- 0.98, P = 0.04), using logistic regression to count for age, gender, residential area, smoking, level of education, exposure to radiation, benzene and organo-phosphorus. Compared with non-drinkers, the risk of adult leukemia declined with increasing quantity, duration, and frequency of green tea consumption. Tests for trend on dose-response was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONA higher consumption of green tea seemed to be associated with a declined risk of adult leukemia. Tea consumption might be of help to human health planning projects.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea

OBJECTIVETo obtain the polymorphic data of short tandem repeat(STR) loci of D15S657, D11S1369, D6S2420 and D6S503 in Chinese Han population and to study the association of these four STR loci with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM).

METHODSThe polymorphisms of the four STRs were studied by polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PCR-PAGE) followed by direct sequencing of PCR products in 105 normal Chinese Hans and 48 patients with IDDM.

RESULTSSeven alleles at D15S657 locus, 5 alleles at D11S1369 locus, 7 alleles at D6S2420 locus and 4 alleles at D6S503 locus were found. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The heterozygosities of these loci were 0. 7524, 0.6000, 0.6286, 0.6571 and the polymorphic information contents(PIC) 0.7616, 0.4430, 0.5345 and 0.5932, respectively. The allele frequencies of allele A(5) at D15S657 locus, allele A(5) at D11S1369 locus and allele A(4) at D6S2420 locus were increased significantly in patients with IDDM, compared to those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe four STRs, used as genetic markers, were suitable for case-control study, forensic medicine identification and population genetic study. There is an association between the polymorphisms of D15S657, D11S1369, D6S2420 and IDDM.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the possible vascular effects of an environment carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).

METHODSThe cytotoxicit of BaP and rat liver S9 (0.25 mg/mL)-activated BaP were examined by MTT assay. Thoracic aortic rings were dissected from Sprague-Dawley rats. Contraction of aortic rings was induced by 60 mmol/L KCl or 10(-6) mol/L phenylephrine (PE) in an ex-vivo perfusion system after BaP (100 μmol/L) incubation for 6 h. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured using Fluo-4/AM. For in-vivo treatment, rats were injected with BaP for 4 weeks (10 mg/kg, weekly, i.p.).

RESULTSBaP (1-500 μm) did not significantly affect cell viability; S9-activated BaP stimulated cell proliferation. BaP did not affect the contractile function of endothelium-intact or -denuded aortic rings. BaP did not affect ATP-induced ([Ca(2+)](i)) increases in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In BaP-treated rats, heart rate and the number of circulating inflammatory cells were not affected. Body weight decreased while blood pressure increased significantly. The maximum aortic contractile responses to PE and KCl and the maximum aortic relaxation response to acetylcholine were significantly decreased by 25.0%, 34.2%, and 10.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest, in accordance with its DNA-damaging properties, that metabolic activation is a prerequisite for BaP-induced cardiovascular toxicity.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects

PURPOSEEarly intramedullary nailing (IMN) within the first 24 h for multiply injured patients with femoral fracture and concomitant thoracic trauma is controversial. Previously published studies have been limited in size and their outcomes have been inconclusive. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the available data in order to guide care and help improve the outcomes for these patients.

METHODSWe searched the literature up to December 2011 in the main medical search engines and identified 6 retrospective cohort studies that explored the safety of early IMN in patients with both femoral fracture and chest injury. Our primary outcome was the rates of pulmonary complication (pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, fat embolism syndrome), multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality.

RESULTSWe found no statistically significant difference in the rate of pulmonary complications, MOF or mortality in the patients treated with early IMN.

CONCLUSIONEarly IMN for femoral fractures does not increase the mortality and morbidity in chest- injured patients in the studies analyzed.

Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; adverse effects ; methods ; mortality ; Humans ; Multiple Organ Failure ; epidemiology ; Pneumonia ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; epidemiology ; Thoracic Injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological changes in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) myeloid blast cell line MDS-L after different duration and concentration of As2O3/TRAIL (TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand) treatment.

METHODSMDS-L cells were treated with As2O3 and TRAIL at 9 different concentrations and the treated cells were detected at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for biologic indexes. The same detections were conducted in untreated MDS-L cells and normal and MDS marrow cells as controls. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC labelling. Differentiation-induction effect of these drugs on the cells were detected by morphologic examination and CD34(+) proportion analysis after 24 hours treatment and further agar culture for 18 days; P15(ink4b) mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR and its protein expression by DAB immunocytochemistry, P15(ink4b) DNA methylation by methylation specific PCR (Msp).

RESULTSAs2O3/TRAIL treatment promoted MDS-L cells to undergo apoptosis and As2O3 plus TRAIL showed obvious differentiation-induction effect on MDS-L. P15(ink4b) mRNA expression was upregulated in MDS-L cell line after different drug treatment but almost no protein expression increased. Increased P15 expression seemed to be related with DNA demethylation effect of these drugs.

CONCLUSIONSAs2O3 or/and TRAIL treatment could promote apoptosis of the clonal cells and induce incomplete cell differentiation. The drugs treatment could also increase P15(ink4b) expression in MDS-L cell line through their demethylation effects.

Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology ; Time Factors