Airway edema, stenosis, obstruction and even asphyxia are easy to occur in patients with extensive burn, deep burn of head, face, and neck area, inhalation injuries, etc., which threaten life. Timely tracheotomy and intubation is an important treatment measure, but lack of knowledge and improper handling in some hospitals resulted in airway obstruction. The technique of percutaneous tracheotomy and intubation provides convenience for emergency treatment of critical burns and mass burn. The Burn and Trauma Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society organized some experts in China to discuss the indications, timing, methods, extubation, and precautions of tracheotomy and intubation for burn patients. The (2018 ) .
Airway Obstruction ; prevention & control ; Burn Units ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; therapy ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Airway edema, stenosis, obstruction and even asphyxia are easy to occur in patients with extensive burn, deep burn of head, face, and neck area, inhalation injuries, etc., which threaten life. Timely tracheotomy and intubation is an important treatment measure, but lack of knowledge and improper handling in some hospitals resulted in airway obstruction. The technique of percutaneous tracheotomy and intubation provides convenience for emergency treatment of critical burns and mass burn. The Chinese Geriatrics Society organized some experts in China to discuss the indications, timing, methods, extubation, and precautions of tracheotomy and intubation for burn patients. The (2018 ) .
Airway Obstruction ; prevention & control ; Burns ; complications ; therapy ; China ; Consensus ; Edema ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neck ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Tracheotomy

OBJECTIVETo observe relative effects of acupuncture at Guangming (GB 37) and Taichong (LR 3) in central different regions.

METHODSNineteen healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (n=7) received visual stimulation and acupuncture at one side; group II (n=6) received visual stimulation and acupuncture at both sides; and group III (n=6) received acupuncture at both sides. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate reactions of the different visual cortexes and relative cerebral regions in acupuncture at Guangming (GB 37) and Taichong (LR 3).

RESULTSThere was no significant change in blood oxygen saturation levels in the visual cortex at visual stimulation and insertion of the needle, but there were changes in blood oxygen saturation level in relative cerebral regions when continuous stimulation was given to one-side or both sides.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at one-side or both sides can improve blood oxygen saturation level in relative cerebral regions, which is not related with manipulation method and visual stimulation.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Needles

OBJECTIVE The invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has devastated the ecosystem of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Application of pheromones to manipulate adult sea lamprey behavior is among the options considered for alternative sea lamprey control techniques. The male sea lamprey sex pheromone is hypothesized to be possess multiple functions through actions of multiple components, some of which have yet to be characterized. Our objective is to isolate and characterize the bioactive components from water conditioned with sexually mature male sea lamprey. METHODS The water conditioned with sexually mature male sea lamprey was extracted by solid phase extraction and concentrated in vacuo. The compounds were isolated by liquid chromatography and elucidated by spectrometry and spectroscopy. Their biological activities were evaluated by electro-olfactogram recordings and two-choice maze behavioral assays. RESULTS Five novel bile salts, petromyzene A and B and petromyzone A-C, have been characterized. Petromyzene A and B featured either a unique, rearranged side chain or a rare cis-11,12-diol on the steroidal B-ring. Petromyzone A-C represented three novel highly oxidized sulfated bile alcohols possessing different hydroxylation, oxidation, and double bond patterns, which exemplify the chemical diversity of bile salts. These five bile salts were potent odorants that stimulated the adult sea lamprey olfactory epithelium in a concentration dependent manner and showed detection thresholds between 10–13 mol·L-1 and 10–11 mol·L-1(paired t-test, P<0.05). Experi?ments in the two-choice maze showed that all isolated compounds induced behavioral responses in ovulated females. CONCLUSION The five novel compounds are likely additional components of phero?mones released by sexually mature male sea lamprey, and may provide useful behavioral manipulation tools to be implemented with the integrated management of the destructive and invasive sea lamprey in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Purpose: To assess the quality and readability of online health information on vasectomy using validated readability and quality assessment tools. Materials and Methods: The top 50 search results for "vasectomy" on Google, Bing, and Yahoo were selected. Duplicate links, advertisements, blog posts, paid webpages, and information intended for healthcare providers were excluded. Flesch Reading Ease score, Flesch–Kincaid Grade level, Gunning Fog Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index were used to assess readability, with optimal readability level for online health information established as being at sixth grade reading level. DISCERN Instrument and JAMA Benchmark were used to assess the quality of selected webpages. Inter-assessment score correlation and results by webpage type were analyzed. Results: We analyzed 44 webpages, including 16 academic, 5 hospital-affiliated, 6 commercial, 13 non-profit health advocacy, and 4 uncategorized sources. The average readability of the evaluated webpages was at a 10th grade reading level as measured by the Flesch Kincaid Assessment tool, and an undergraduate reading level per the SMOG and Gunning Fog indices. Non-profit health advocacy webpages had the best reading level but still was not at the recommended level of grade 6 to 7. The overall DISCERN quality of the webpages was “fair”, with non-profit health advocacy pages performing best. Conclusions The assessed webpages offer education on vasectomy in a language that is too complex for the general population to understand. Furthermore, several sources for online health information, such as non-profits, outperformed webpages by academic institutions. Increased healthcare collaboration and dedication to producing quality online patient resources is necessary to address these shortcomings and build trust among patients to increase utilization of vasectomy and decrease decisional regret.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological changes in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) myeloid blast cell line MDS-L after different duration and concentration of As2O3/TRAIL (TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand) treatment.

METHODSMDS-L cells were treated with As2O3 and TRAIL at 9 different concentrations and the treated cells were detected at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for biologic indexes. The same detections were conducted in untreated MDS-L cells and normal and MDS marrow cells as controls. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC labelling. Differentiation-induction effect of these drugs on the cells were detected by morphologic examination and CD34(+) proportion analysis after 24 hours treatment and further agar culture for 18 days; P15(ink4b) mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR and its protein expression by DAB immunocytochemistry, P15(ink4b) DNA methylation by methylation specific PCR (Msp).

RESULTSAs2O3/TRAIL treatment promoted MDS-L cells to undergo apoptosis and As2O3 plus TRAIL showed obvious differentiation-induction effect on MDS-L. P15(ink4b) mRNA expression was upregulated in MDS-L cell line after different drug treatment but almost no protein expression increased. Increased P15 expression seemed to be related with DNA demethylation effect of these drugs.

CONCLUSIONSAs2O3 or/and TRAIL treatment could promote apoptosis of the clonal cells and induce incomplete cell differentiation. The drugs treatment could also increase P15(ink4b) expression in MDS-L cell line through their demethylation effects.

Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristic of the signal transduction in BEAS cells induced by the crocidolite fibers.

METHODSThe human respiratory airway epithelial cells BEAS-2B were cultured in vitro. The final 100 microg/ml crocidolite concentration and lOnM of epidermal growth factor were cocultured with BEAS-2B cells for 30 minutes and 120 minutes. Phosphorylated ERKl/2 and MEKl/2 were detected by Western Blotting using specific antibodies.

RESULTSA rapid phosphorylation expression of ERK1/2 (molecular weight at 44 kD and 42 kD, also called as p44 and p42) was observed by treatment of the BEAS-2B cells with 100 microg/ml crocidolite or 100 ng/ml EGF (the proven activator of the ERK signaling pathway) at 30 minutes. This phosphorylation could be still detected by incubation the cells at 2 hours. However no expression was changed for the total ERKl/2 expression at 30 minutes or 120 minutes. Treatment of BEAS cells with 100 microg/ml crocidolite fiber or 100 ng/ml EGF led to the rapid increased phosphorylation of MEK1/2 at 30 minutes; similarly, the overexpression of MEK1/2 could last 2 hours.

CONCLUSIONThe crocidolite induces the MAPK (ERK1/2 and MEK1/2) phosphorylation within a shorter time. It indicates that the MAPKs signals are involved in the process of crocidolite induced damage.

Asbestos, Crocidolite ; toxicity ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation

OBJECTIVETo assess the magnitude of overweight and obesity and its associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents attending junior high schools in Xi'an, Shanxi province.

METHODSA total of 1 804 adolescents attending junior high schools in Xi'an (age: 11-17 years) were enrolled randomly from 30 schools in 6 districts in Xi'an. Overweight and obesity was categorized with body mass index (BMI) cutoffs from Working Group of Obesity in China (WGOC). Underweight was defined by BMI-Z < or = -2 s. Sociodemographic information was collected from the parents of the survey participants using self-administered, structured and precoded questionnaires.

RESULTSOverall 17.4% of adolescents were overweight or obese (overweight 11.2%; obesity 6.2%), but there was a marked gender difference in the prevalence with 20.2% of boys versus 14.4% of the girls being overweight or obese. The prevalence of underweight was 2.7%. In a multivariate model, age, residence, household wealth, and parents' BMI were significantly associated with overweight and obesity (P < 0.05). After having been adjusted for age and gender, the odds ratio of an adolescent being overweight and obese was 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8-4.0) folds higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.04-2.5) folds higher for adolescents from rich families than those from poor families. An adolescent with one or both parents overweight was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.5) more likely to be overweight themselves compared to those with normal weight parents.

CONCLUSIONSOverweight and obesity is a major public health problem in adolescents in Xi'an. Overweight and obesity is more prevalent in younger boys from richer families living in urban districts and those whose parents were either overweight or obese.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; Parents ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo probe the theoretical basis of acupuncture by investigating the relationship of 'true' acupuncture and 'sham' acupuncture, with the cerebral functions observed by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSEighteen healthy volunteers with normal vision were randomly divided into group A and B. Firstly, all the volunteers received 'sham' acupuncture, and then acupuncture was given at Guangming (GB 37) and Taichong (LR 3) in the group A, and Fenglong (ST 40) and Xiangu (ST 43) were given in the group Activation in the thalamus, B.A 1.5 Tesla Vision Scanner (Siemens, Erlangen) was used for imaging.

RESULTSActivation in the thalamus, the red nucleus, the sulcus lateralis and the parieto-temporal cortex proved that there was a significant difference between true acupuncture and sham acupuncture in the GLM test.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture does not have effects on the visual cortex, but it has active action on the insula sulcus lateralis and the parieto-temporal cortex, which are involved in painful and somatosensory stimulation.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging