Objective To determine the effect of soybean protein on growth of jejunal mucosa. Method Seventeen goat lambs at 7d of age were randomly allocated into control (casein group, n=9) and experimental group (soybean group, n=8). All lambs were fed milk mixture containing either casein or soybean protein (replaced 30% of casein). The lambs were slaughtered after 5 w and the tissues of jejunum were sampled to determine the villus morphology. The mucosa was collected for analysis of protein, nucleic acid content and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results The soybean administration induced villus atrophy. Protein content of mucosa tend to decrease both in proximal (127.2?4.6 vs 143.6?7.3 mg/g mucosa,P=0.07) and medial jejunum(111.2?6.3 vs 132.7?8.5 mg/g mucosa,P=0.06). In soybean group the activity of AP was lower(P

Banksia is a significant element in vegetation of southwestern Australia, a biodiversity hotspot with global significance. In particular, Banksia hookeriana represents a species with signif-icant economic and ecological importance in the region. For better conservation and management, we reported an overview of transcriptome of B. hookeriana using RNA-seq and de novo assembly. We have generated a total of 202.7 million reads (18.91 billion of nucleotides) from four leaf sam-ples in four plants of B. hookeriana, and assembled 59,063 unigenes (average size=1098 bp) through de novo transcriptome assembly. Among them, 39,686 unigenes were annotated against the Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and NCBI non-redundant (NR) protein databases. We showed that there was approximately one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) per 5.6–7.1 kb in the transcriptome, and the ratio of transitional to transversional polymorphisms was approximately 1.82. We compared unigenes of B. hookeriana to those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nelumbo nucifera through sequence homology, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, and KEGG pathway analyses. The comparative analysis revealed that unigenes of B. hookeriana were closely related to those of N. nucifera. B. hookeriana, N. nucifera, and A. thaliana shared similar GO anno-tations but different distributions in KEGG pathways, indicating that B. hookeriana has adapted to dry-Mediterranean type shrublands via regulating expression of specific genes. In total 1927 poten-tial simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were discovered, which could be used in the genotype and genetic diversity studies of the Banksia genus. Our results provide valuable sequence resource for further study in Banksia.

ORF3 and partial ORF1 regions were amplified with RT-PCR f rom two patients (T1 and T11)infected with new genotype of hepatitis E Virus. Th e PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The results showed that G-C rich regi on in ORF3 was deleted when amplified with normal PCR reaction. However, PCR rea ction containing G-C melt solution can overcome this problem. The sequence anal ysis showed that T1 and T11 belong to a new genotype of HEV which differs from g enotype I,II and III reported.T1 and T11 have 79%～82%, 80%～81% and 83%～85% id entical to genotype I,II and III respectively.

Child ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; World Health Organization

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Sacrum ; pathology ; surgery ; Spondylolysis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

Environmental pollution affects the quality of pedosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Phytoremediation, being more cost-effective and fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches, has gained increasing popularity in both academic and practical circles. More than 400 plant species have been identified to have potential for soil and water remediation. Among them, Thlaspi, Brassica, Sedum alfredii H., and Arabidopsis species have been mostly studied. It is also expected that recent advances in biotechnology will play a promising role in the development of new hyperaccumulators by transferring metal hyperaccumulating genes from low biomass wild species to the higher biomass producing cultivated species in the times to come. This paper attempted to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for soil and water resources.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Metals, Heavy ; metabolism ; Soil Pollutants ; metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; metabolism

OBJECTIVES: The present study assessed more than 800 potential risk factors to identify new predictors of breast cancer and compare the independence and relative importance of established risk factors. METHODS: Data were collected by the Women's Health Initiative and included 147,202 women ages 50 to 79 who were enrolled from 1993 to 1998 and followed for 8 years. Analyses performed in 2011 and 2012 used the Cox proportional hazard regression to test the association between more than 800 baseline risk factors and incident breast cancer. RESULTS: Baseline factors independently associated with subsequent breast cancer at the p<0.001 level (in decreasing order of statistical significance) were breast aspiration, family history, age, weight, history of breast biopsies, estrogen and progestin use, fewer live births, greater age at menopause, history of thyroid cancer, breast tenderness, digitalis use, alcohol intake, white race, not restless, no vaginal dryness, relative with prostate cancer, colon polyps, smoking, no breast augmentation, and no osteoporosis. Risk factors previously reported that were not independently associated with breast cancer in the present study included socioeconomic status, months of breast feeding, age at first birth, adiposity measures, adult weight gain, timing of initiation of hormone therapy, and several dietary, psychological, and exercise variables. Family history was not found to alter the risk associated with other factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that some risk factors not commonly studied may be important for breast cancer and some frequently cited risk factors may be relatively unimportant or secondary.
Adiposity ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Birth Order ; Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies ; Colon ; Continental Population Groups ; Digitalis ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Osteoporosis ; Polyps ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Weight Gain ; Women's Health

"Symptom set" was changed into "combined set of syndrome factors" by exploring the mapping relationship be-tween symptom and syndrome factors,among which the ones meeting the definition of pathogenesis were chosen to further form the"pathogenesis set" under the ISOR combination principle,so as to build a new syndrome factor system of"symptom collection-syndrome factor collection-pathogenesis collection",which is not only beneficial to perfect the syndrome factor sys-tem,but also a new thought for applying mathematics and computer science to Chinese medicinal research.

OBJECTIVE To study the secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.TPXq isolated from Saussurea medusa .METHODS The strain was cultured in a large-scale by using the shaking incubator.The secondary me-tabolites were isolated by chromatography methods such as silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 columns,ODS flash column and HPLC,etc.The structures of these compounds were identified by their physico-chemical constants and the NMR data.RE-SULTS Eight Cyclodipeptides and one alkaloidwere seperated from secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.TPXq isolated were from Saussurea medusa .,and their stuctures were identified as 3-isobutylpyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione (Ⅰ),3-isopropyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅱ),3-seco-butyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅲ),3-benzyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅳ),3-benzyl-6-(p-hydroxy benzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅴ),3,6-dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅵ),3-isobutyl-6-isopropylpiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅶ),3-isobutyl-6-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione(Ⅷ),Chaetominine(Ⅸ),by analysis of physio-chemical and NMR data.CONCLUSION Among them,compounds Ⅳ ~ Ⅷ were isolated from Alterraria .sp for the first time.Compounds Ⅸ showed significant cytotoxic activity against A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells,the IC50 values are 0.18 μg/mL and 0.89 μg/mL,respectively.However,compoundsⅠ~Ⅷ exhibited very weak cytotoxicity(>50μg/mL)against these cell lines.

OBJECTIVETo study hMSH2 genetic polymorphism in southern Chinese Han population.

METHODSThe basic materials and blood samples from 163 southern Chinese were collected. The mutations of exon 6 and exon 7 of hMSH2 gene were investigated by PCR-SSCP, followed by DNA sequencing.

RESULTSFragments of 250 bp including exon 6 and fragments of 323 bp including exon 7 of hMSH2 gene were amplified by multiple PCR. The allele frequencies of C18, A82 and B39 type mutations were 0.0184, 0.0031, 0.0031, respectively. The gene frequencies and gene type frequencies of three polymorphism sites in normal population accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The heterozygosity of C18 type mutation (0.0361) was the highest.

CONCLUSIONThere were three polymorphism sites in exon 7 of hMSH2 gene in southern Chinese Han population, among which the genotype frequency of C18 type was the highest, suggesting that C18 type mutation be a useful genetic mark.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Pair Mismatch ; DNA Ligase ATP ; DNA Ligases ; genetics ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; genetics ; physiology ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic