Objective: To explore the relationship between abnormal expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) as well as their interaction on cervical cancerization. Methods: A total of 73 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 113 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ, n=45; CINⅡ/Ⅲ, n=68) and 60 women with normal cervix (NC) were included in the study. Real time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein about FHIT and MeCP2, respectively. The methylation status of FHIT gene CpG island was tested by methylation-specifc PCR (MSP). Kruskal-Wallis H test, χ(2) test, trend χ(2) test and Spearman correlation analysis were conducted with software SPSS 20.0. The interaction was evaluated by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. Results: With the deterioration of cervical lesion, the methylation rates of FHIT gene CpG island (χ(2)=18.64, P<0.001; trend χ(2)=18.08, P<0.001) increased gradually, while the expression levels of FHIT mRNA (H=27.32, P<0.001; trend χ(2)=12.65, P<0.001) and protein (H=47.10, P<0.001; trend χ(2)=29.79, P<0.001) decreased gradually. There was a negative correlation between the methylation rates of FHIT gene CpG island and the expression level of FHIT protein (r=-0.226, P<0.001). The levels of MeCP2 mRNA (H=26.19, P<0.001; trend χ(2)=11.81, P=0.001) and protein (H=69.02, P<0.001; trend χ(2)=47.44, P<0.001) increased gradually with the aggravation of cervical lesions. There was a positive correlation between the expression level of MeCP2 protein and the FHIT mRNA Ct ratio (r=0.254, P<0.001). Expression of proteins were negatively correlated between MeCP2 and FHIT (r=-0.213, P=0.001). The results analyzed by GMDR model showed that there were interactions among high MeCP2 protein expression, the CpG island methylation of FHIT and mRNA and protein expression in CINⅡ/Ⅲ group, and among high MeCP2 mRNA and protein expression, the CpG island methylation of FHIT and low mRNA and protein expression in SCC group. Conclusion: High expression of MeCP2 mRNA and protein, the CpG island methylation and low mRNA and protein expression of FHIT could increase the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, and there might be a synergistic effect on cervical carcinogenesis.
Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; RNA, Messenger ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology*

Objective: To explore the effect of vaginal micro-environment alterations and HPV16 infection and their interaction in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: The participants of this study came from the cervical lesions study cohort in Shanxi province, including 623 women with normal cervical (NC), 303 patients with pathogenically diagnosed low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅠ) and 93 patients with pathogenically diagnosed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅡ/Ⅲ). The data of the demographic characteristics of the study subjects and factors related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were collected, and HPV16 infection were detected by using flow-through hybridization technology and H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase, clotting enzyme, neuraminidase and leucocyte esterase in vaginal secretions were detected by using the combined detection kit of aerobic vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. pH value and vaginal cleanliness were also detected at the same time. The database was established and analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 22.0). Results: The HPV16 infection rate (trend χ(2)=55.45, P<0.001) and the abnormal rates of H(2)O(2) (trend χ(2)=26.19, P<0.001), pH (trend χ(2)=5.06, P=0.024), vaginal cleanliness (trend χ(2)=19.55, P<0.001), β-glucuronidase (trend χ(2)=17.52, P<0.001) and neuraminidase (trend χ(2)=14.90, P<0.001) increased gradually along with the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but the abnormal rates of clotting enzyme and leucocyte esterase showed no same trend. The results of GMDR model analysis showed that there was interaction between HPV16 infection and abnormalities of H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase, clotting enzyme and neuraminidase in CINⅠ group, and the interaction between HPV16 infection and the abnormalities of vaginal cleanliness, H(2)O(2), β-glucuronidase and neuraminidase in CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ group. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the vaginal micro-environment alterations and HPV16 infection could increase the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and they might have an important synergistic effect in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Female ; Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification* ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology*

Objective: To describe the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and to find out the relative factors in Hangzhou, from 2015 to 2017. Methods: Data were collected through the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention data system. Study subjects would include those reported HIV/AIDS cases who were residents of Hangzhou and were infected via non-marital heterosexual transmission, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Demographic characteristics and behavioral information were collected. χ(2) test was used to compare different characteristics of the non-married heterosexual transmission subjects. Logistic regression was used to assess factors that associated with non-marital but non-commercial HIV heterosexual transmission with SPSS. 20 software used to analyze statistically. Results: Non-marital HIV heterosexual transmission accounted for 38.03% (1 393/3 663) of the total new reported HIV/AIDS cases in 2015-2017. Out of the 1 393 HIV/AIDS cases, those infected through non-marital but non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 50.83% (708/1 393), and those through non-martial commercial transmission was accounted for 49.17% (685/1 393). Male to female ratio was 3.51 ∶ 1 (1 084/309). Male HIV cases reported that their major way of infection was via non-marital commercial transmission (670/1 084, 61.81%), while female patients reported the way was via non-marital non-commercial (294/309, 95.1%). Results from multivariate logistic analysis showed that the related risk factors and ORs for non-marital but non-commercial transmission appeared as: female (aOR=48.25, 95%CI: 26.94- 88.44),<30 year olds (aOR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.31-4.51), 30-39 year olds (aOR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.11- 3.33), 40-49 year olds (aOR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08-3.00), married or unmarried (vs. divorced or widowed, aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.10-2.24; aOR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.15-2.78), high school and above of education level (vs. primary school and under of education level, aOR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.18-2.80), administrative officers or employee (vs. farmers, aOR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.04-1.91). Number of non- marital partners less than 5 (vs. number of non-marital partners more than 5, aOR=10.65, 95%CI: 6.41-17.42). Conclusions: HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital heterosexual transmission accounted for considerable proportion regarding the HIV transmission in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2017. Differences were found in the following factors as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission with diverse gender, age, marital status, educational level and occupation among of the HIV/AIDS patients.
Female ; HIV ; HIV Infections/transmission* ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior/psychology* ; Sexual Partners ; Single Person

Public nutrition is related to the improvement of population health and the development of social economy. Nutrition and health survey can provide indispensable information for public health and disease prevention and control to improve people's nutritional and health status and support the policy making of food production and chronic diseases prevention and control. In recent years, China's nutritional supply capacity has increased significantly. Our people's nutritional and health status has improved significantly. The articles published in "Nutrition and Health Survey" column come from nutrition surveys both at the national and provincial level. They are making full use of data to give information on not only nutritional and health status of residents throughout the country, but also regional features. These results will provide a detailed and reliable reference for both national and regional nutrition and health policy and strategy making. At present, China's nutrition work faces many challenges. China's Party Central Committee and the State Council always places great emphasis on people's nutritional and health status. In order to promote the health of the whole population in our country, our government has implemented a number of nutrition promotion policies or strategies. Chinese nutrition and health survey will further evaluate the effect of these movements.
China ; Health Surveys ; Incidence ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Population Dynamics

Objective: To evaluate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and their interaction on the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: A total of 486 patients, including 208 women with normal cervix (NC), 154 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CINⅠ), 124 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CINⅡ/Ⅲ), were selected from the cervical lesions cohort from June to December, 2014. HR-HPV was detected by using flow-through hybridization technology and the urine concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was detected with high performance liquid chromatography. By using software SPSS 22.0, the χ(2) test, trend χ(2) test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Nemenyi rank test and Spearman rank correlation analysis were performed. And the interaction effects were evaluated by additive model. Results: The HR-HPV infection rates in NC, CINⅠ and CINⅡ/Ⅲ groups were 27.9%, 37.0% and 58.9%, respectively. The urine concentrations of 1-OHP (μmol/molCr) were 0.07±0.09, 0.11±0.10 and 0.17±0.15, respectively. With increasing severity of the cervical lesions, the HR-HPV infection rate gradually increased (trend χ(2)=29.89, P<0.001) and the high exposure rate of PAHs gradually increased (trend χ(2)=27.94, P<0.001). HR-HPV infection was positively correlated with 1-OHP exposure (r=0.680, P<0.001). There was a positive additive interaction between HPV infection and PAHs exposure in CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ group, but it was not found in CIN Ⅰ group. Conclusion: Both HR-HPV infection and high exposure of PAHs might increase the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and might have a synergistic effect on the progression of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification* ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/pharmacology* ; Pyrenes/urine* ; Severity of Illness Index ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology*

Objective: To investigate the effect of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) and its interaction with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods: The participants included 67 women with normal cervix (NC), 69 women with CINⅠ and 68 women with CINⅡ/Ⅲ in a community cohort of pathologically diagnosed women established in Jiexiu of Shanxi province, from June 2014 to June 2015. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data of the subjects and the related factors of cervical lesions. Cervical exfoliated cells and cervical tissues from biopsy or surgery were selected. The infection status of HPV16 was detected by flow-through hybridization. The protein expression levels of hnRNP K were evaluated by Western blot. SPSS 23.0 software was used to collate and analyze the data. To study the differences in demographic characteristics, related factors, hnRNP K protein and HPV16 infection among NC, CINⅠand CINⅡ/Ⅲgroups, χ(2) test, trend χ(2) test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted. Multiple comparisons of hnRNP K protein in three groups were completed by using the Bonferroni method. The OR and its 95%CI of hnRNP K, HPV16 and CIN were calculated by using the unconditional logistic regression models. Two-way interactions between hnRNP K protein and HPV16 infection on CIN were analyzed by using additive model and related indicators. Results: HPV16 infection rates were 10.4% in women with normal cervix, 14.5% in women with CINⅠ and 41.2% in women with CINⅡ/Ⅲ, respectively. The differences among three groups were significant (P<0.001). Moreover, the infection rates of HPV16 gradually increased with the increasing severity of CIN (trend χ(2)=18.512, P<0.001). The differences in protein expression of hnRNP K among three groups were significant (H=48.138, P<0.001) and the expressionincreased with the development of cervical lesionss (trend χ(2)=21.765, P<0.001). Results from the interaction analysis indicated that there were additive effects between high expression of hnRNP K protein and HPV16 in CINⅡ/Ⅲ group compared with normal group (API=0.639, 95%CI: 0.083-1.196). In contrast, no such additive effect was found in CINⅠ group. Conclusions: HPV16 infection and over-expression of hnRNP K protein were associated with the increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. There might be interaction between hnRNP K protein overexpression and HPV16 infection existed on the progress of CINⅡ/Ⅲ.
Case-Control Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K/metabolism* ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology* ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology*

OBJECTIVES: The spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare clinical entity. Patients typically present with sudden onset back pain followed by neurological deficits. METHODS: Diagnosis of SSEH is usually made with MRI and standard treatment is surgical evacuation. In 1996, Groen published the most comprehensive review on the SSEH in which he analyzed 333 cases. We review 104 cases of SSEH presented in the English literature since the last major review and add three of our own cases, for a total of 107 cases. RESULTS: Our patients presented with back pain and neurologic deficits. Two made excellent functional recovery with prompt surgical decompression while one continued to have significant deficits despite evacuation. Better postoperative outcome was associated with less initial neurological dysfunction, shorter time to operation from symptom onset and male patients. CONCLUSION: We discuss the etiology of SSEH and report current trends in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
Back Pain ; Decompression, Surgical ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal ; Humans ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies

Treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms, via either surgical or endovascular approaches, is associated with a high level of technical difficulty as well as a high rate of treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Flow-diverting stents, such as the Pipeline embolization device (PED), have drastically altered the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of giant aneurysms. Gaining endovascular access using a microcatheter to the portion of the parent artery distal to the aneurysm neck is requisite for safe and effective stent deployment. Giant aneurysms are often associated with vascular tortuosity, which necessitates significant catheter support systems to enable maneuvering of PEDs across the aneurysm neck. This is also required in order to reduce the probability of stent herniation within giant aneurysms. We report on a case of a giant supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm which was treated successfully with a PED utilizing a balloon anchor technique to facilitate direct microcatheter access across the aneurysm neck.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mortality ; Neck* ; Parents ; Stents ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the importance of expression of the NUT gene and its rearrangement in diagnosing NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) of the upper respiratory tract; and to evaluate the prevalence, histological features and differential diagnosis of NMC of the upper respiratory tract.

METHODSOne-hundred and sixty-three small cell malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract were reviewed at the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University over a 20-year period. These cases included poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (n = 31), undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1), non-keratizing undifferentiated nasopharyneal carcinomas (n = 60), small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (n = 6) and non-epithelial small round cell malignant tumors (n = 65). The clinical and pathologic features were investigated. All cases were subjected to Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization and NUT monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining. Cases positive for NUT immunohistochemistry and negative for EBER in situ hybridization were submitted for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for rearrangements in both BRD4 and NUT genes, and immunohistochemical staining for a set of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CK7, CK8), p63,and neuroendocrine markers (NSE, Syn, CgA, S-100 protein, CD56).

RESULTSThree cases of poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and one case of undifferentiated carcinoma showed diffuse nuclear immunohistochemical staining with antibody against NUT. These positive cases approximately accounted for 12.5% (4/32) of this group, 4.1% (4/98) of the malignant epithelial carcinomas and 2.5% (4/163) of all small round cell malignant tumors in the study. The age of these patients were 42 - 59 years. Other groups were all negative for NUT immunohistochemistry. These four cases also stained for antibodies against cytokeratins and p63, but were negative for neuroendocrine markers and not associated with EBV infection. Only two of these four cases showed rearrangements of the NUT and BRD4 genes by FISH. These two patients died within one year. The other two patients that did not demonstrate NUT rearrangement by FISH were alive and did not have an aggressive clinical course, surviving 40 and 12 months respectively.

CONCLUSIONSNMC is a rare small round cell malignant tumor in the upper respiratory tract. Only in the groups of primary poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma were positive for NUT immunohistochemical staining and NUT rearrangement by FISH. NMC typically occurs in midline organs, and affects the sinonasal tract. It is not associated with EBV infection. There is difference in the clinical course and prognosis among NMC patients. NUT immunohistochemical staining and NUT gene rearrangement analysis can differentiate NMC from other small cell tumors in the upper respiratory tract.

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTry to clarify the effects of HSF1 gene on the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

METHODSTo investigate the levels of constitutively expressed alphaB-Crystallin (alphaBC) in hsf1 knockout (hsf1 -/-) and hsf1 wild type (hsf1 +/+) mice myocardium by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe alphaBC levels in hsf1 -/- and hsf1 +/+ were 68.42% +/- 4.16%, 100% +/- 7.58%, respectively (P < 0.05, cytosolic fraction), and 20.53% +/- 1.01%, 37.55% +/- 1.91%, respectively (P < 0.05, pellet fraction). The alphaBC signals decreased significantly in hsf1 -/- myocardium compared with hsf1 +/+ myocardium stained with fluorescence immunohistochemistry.

CONCLUSIONhsf1 is the important, but not the only factor, which mediates the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Heat Shock Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain ; genetics ; metabolism