Safety culture is term used to determine the commitment, style and proficiency of an organization's health safety management. Medical errors increase morbidity, causes significant complications, increase hospital costs and prolongs hospital stays for the patient.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the perceived incidence rate and the patient safety attitudes of health care professionals at the Davao Medical School Foundation Hospital (DMSFH)
METHODOLOGY: The study involved the health care professionals of DMSFH. The safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)was used and measured on a 5-point Likert scale for the following domains, Teamwork, Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Stress Recognition, Perceptions of Management, Working Conditions, Collaboration and Communication. The last part of the survey questionnaire determines the perceived incidence rate. It is composed of three items: accidents, near-misses and errors and were rated on a 6-point Likert scale.
RESULTS: Among the 145 respondents, 88.96% were nurses, 1.38% doctors and 9.66% pharmacists. The overall patient safety climate at the DMSFH was good with a mean rate of 3.5 ± 0.42. Perception of management has the lowest perceived rates with a mean of only 3.06 ±  0.21. In terms of mean perceived incident rates, errors had the highest mean rates of 3.27 ± 1.09. Overall, perceived incidence rates are negatively, albeit weakly, correlated with the DMSFH safety climate.
CONCLUSION: The perceived incidence rates are significantly affected by the patient safety measures that are practiced by the health care professionals.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Patients ; Attitude ; Hospital Costs ; Incidence ; Length Of Stay ; Medical Errors ; Nurses ; Organizational Culture ; Patient Safety ; Pharmacists ; Philippines ; Safety Management ; Schools, Medical ; Surveys And Questionnaires

Toxicology is a science that studies the deleterious interactions between chemicals and living organisms. This definition covers living organisms related to the problem to be analyzed: man, insects and trypanosomes. Chagas' disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is an endemic parasitic disease limited to the tropical and subtropical countries of Latin America (Pinto Díaz, 1984; WHO, 1981, 1985; Schirmer, Muller, and Krauthsiegel, 1995; Castro and Toranzo, 1988; Docampo and Moreno, 1985; Fairlamb, 1982). It is estimated that at least 20 million persons are infected with the etiologic agent of the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi (Pinto Díaz, 1984; WHO, 1981, 1985; Schirmer, Muller, and Krauthsiegel, 1995; Castro and Toranzo, 1988; Docampo and Moreno, 1985; Fairlamb, 1982). Further, more than 40 million are living under conditions where they may be bitten by the vector insect infected with the parasite (Pinto Díaz, 1984; WHO, 1981, 1985; Schirmer, Muller, and Krauthsiegel, 1995; Castro and Toranzo, 1988; Docampo and Moreno, 1985; Fairlamb, 1982). About 120 000 new cases per year were reported (Pinto Díaz, 1984; WHO, 1981, 1985; Schirmer, Muller, and Krauthsiegel, 1995; Castro and Toranzo, 1988; Docampo and Moreno, 1985; Fairlamb, 1982). The infection results because the vector insects (a Reduvii bug) have hematophagous habits, and because these blood sucking organisms, usually defecate immediately after having their meal. As a result, the infected feces find their way into the host bloodstream through a bite wound in the skin or via intact mucous membrane or the conjunctiva (Pinto Díaz, 1984; WHO, 1981, 1985; Schirmer, Muller, and Krauthsiegel, 1995; Castro and Toranzo, 1988; Docampo and Moreno, 1985; Fairlamb, 1982).

Fluphenazine (FP) treatment (50 mg/kg bw, ip in saline) 30 min before or 6 or 10 h after CCl4 administration (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented the liver necrosis produced by the hepatotoxin at 24 h. FP had enhancing effects on the covalent binding of CCl4 reactive metabolites to cellular constituents and on CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation. FP lowered body temperature of the CCl4-poisoned animals during the 24 h observation period. The obtained results are compatible but do not prove the hypothesis that calmodulin (CaM) had participation in late occurring events preceding necrosis. FP lowering action on body temperature, however, might also play a role in the effects of this drug on the onset of CCl4 induced liver necrosis. FP levels in liver tissue as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of the drug in amounts sufficient to inhibit CaM and that suggests that not all preventive effects of FP are due to its indirect actions on the central nervous system via decreased body temperature.
Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation ; drug effects ; Calmodulin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Fluphenazine ; analysis ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Necrosis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

No abstract available.
Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting*

Spirituality is a multifaceted concept with varied definitions. In the nursing literature, it is commonly described based on its significance in the lives of individuals. Exploring the perspectives of nurses, nursing students, and patients regarding spirituality and spiritual care is crucial to gain a sound understanding of how these concepts impact the nursing profession. This literature review explored the perspectives on spirituality and spiritual care of four population groups: nurse educators, nursing students, clinical nurses, and patients. A literature search was done using worldwide databases. The 84 articles included dealt with the perceptions of nurse educators, nursing students, clinical nurses, and patients regarding spirituality and spiritual care.

The four main categories of perspectives from the nurse educators, nursing students, nurse clinicians, and patients yielded ten sub-categories: (a) meaning of spirituality and spiritual care, (b) role of spirituality and spiritual care in nursing practice, (c) role of nursing education in developing spirituality and spiritual care competence of nursing students, (d) manner of integrating spirituality and spiritual care in nursing curriculum, (e) methods of teaching spirituality and spiritual care, (f) manner of spiritual care delivery, (g) barriers and challenges to the teaching and learning of spirituality and spiritual care, (h) barriers and challenges to spiritual care delivery, (i) ways of enhancing nurse educators' competence in curricular integration and teaching spirituality and spiritual care, and (j) ways of enhancing nurses' competence in spiritual care delivery.

Nurse educators, nursing students, clinical nurses, and patients presented similar and diverse perspectives, but they all recognized the significance of spirituality and spiritual care in the profession. The information derived from this study can contribute to the existing knowledge base and spur strategies at individual and institutional levels to enhance teaching and learning of the concepts, improve practice, and promote holistic care.

Human ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing ; Patients ; Spirituality

Dengue fever (DF) is a major public health concern in the Dominican Republic. In recent years, several epidemics of DF have been reported to the Pan American Health Office (PAHO), but the extent of the epidemics has not been clearly understood yet. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide seroepidemiology of dengue (DEN) infection. At the same time, we conducted an interview survey to assess public awareness regarding the disease. The serum samples were collected at seven main cities in the Dominican Republic and screened for DEN antibody with a commercial ELISA kit. A total of 2007 serum specimens were examined. The prevalence of DEN antibody in the seven cities varied between 43.1 and 89.7%. Neutralization (N) test carried out on the ELISA-positive serum from Samana, one of the high antibody-prevalent cities, revealed that all the sera showed positive to at least two DEN serotypes. Geometric mean N titers against DEN-1, 2, 3 and 4 were 40.5, 463.7, 59.9 and 454.4 respectively. No difference in antibody prevalence was observed between males and females. It appeared that a high level of awareness regarding DF did little affect DEN prevalence. Strong, concrete public health strategies that motivate the local community to combat DF are required.

INTRODUCTION: Parental authority prototype may greatly influence how adolescent nursing students can demonstrate skills on how they provide quality nursing care to patients in the future. This study aimed to determine the association between parental authority prototype and perceived self-esteem among adolescent nursing students. METHODS: The researchers administered the Parenting Authority Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to nursing students 16 to 19 years old to determine the maternal and paternal parenting types of the respondents and their level of self-esteem, respectively. Chi-square was used to determine the association between parenting style and self-esteem. RESULTS: Normal levels of self-esteem were seen in 70% of respondents and almost one-third were considered to have low self-esteem. The most common parenting style among both the respondents' mothers and fathers was authoritative. There were more authoritative mothers than fathers and twice as many authoritarian fathers than mothers. Paternal parental authority prototype was associated with the respondents' self-esteem (x2 = 19.19, p < 0.05) but the maternal authority prototype was not. CONCLUSION Paternal, but not maternal, parental prototype is associated with the perceived self-esteem of adolescent nursing students. The most common parenting style was authoritative for both mothers and fathers.

Previously, we found that high doses of genistein show an inhibitory effect on uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) cell proliferation. In this study, using microarray analysis and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis(TM), we identified genes (up- or down-regulated, > or = 1.5 fold, P < or = 0.001), functions and signaling pathways that were altered following treatment with an inhibitory concentration of genistein (50 microg/ml) in UtLM cells. Downregulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway genes, activin A, activin B, Smad3, TGF-beta2 and genes related to cell cycle regulation, with the exception of the upregulation of the CDK inhibitor P15, were identified and validated by real-time RT-PCR studies. Western blot analysis further demonstrated decreased protein expression of activin A and Smad3 in genistein-treated UtLM cells. Moreover, we found that activin A stimulated the growth of UtLM cells, and the inhibitory effect of genistein was partially abrogated in the presence of activin A. Overexpression of activin A and Smad3 were found in tissue samples of leiomyoma compared to matched myometrium, supporting the contribution of activin A and Smad3 in promoting the growth of UtLM cells. Taken together, these results suggest that down-regulation of activin A and Smad3, both members of the TGF-beta pathway, may offer a mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory effect of a high-dose of genistein on UtLM cells, and might be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of clinical cases of uterine leiomyomas.
Activins/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15/genetics/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Genistein/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Smad3 Protein/*genetics/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Uterine Neoplasms/*metabolism

Caborca is one of the most productive asparagus-growing regions in the state of Sonora in northwest Mexico, an area where some fresh fruits and vegetables are sold at unregulated open-air street markets. This is a cross-sectional study in which fifty bundles of asparagus for exportation, 50 bundles of sub-standard asparagus, and 50 bundles of asparagus from open-air markets were selected randomly and then subjected to Faust, Kinyoun and ELISA testing to detect intestinal parasites. Pearson’s chi-square (χ2) and Student-Newman- Keuls tests were used to estimate differences among the sampling site groups (P < 0.05). The pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. (29%) G. intestinalis (5%) and Cyclospora spp. (3%) were found in the asparagus sold in the region. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was higher in both the sub-standard asparagus and the product sampled from the open-air markets than in the samples for exportation (P < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate contamination by intestinal parasites in asparagus sold in different markets in northwest Mexico.

INTRODUCTION

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program spans four years and includes general education and professional courses. Student nurses attend lecture hours, clinical duties, and related learning experiences that might be affecting their time in attending to a healthy lifestyle. Health-promoting lifestyle is a multi-dimensional pattern of activities and perceptions that begins with self-motivation and assists in promoting self-improvement and health. The domains of health-promoting lifestyle are essential factors to further improve their way of dealing with daily challenges. Multiple factors can also influence student nurses’ lifestyles, including their separation from family, busy schedules, and dietary choices. A study highlights various factors affecting student nurses' lifestyles, underscoring the need for tailored health promotion strategies and curriculum enhancements. Research into these domains can better equip future healthcare leaders. Gender, year level, and living arrangements influence student nurses' lifestyles, prompting researchers to investigate the extent of health-promoting lifestyles among them and differences based on these factors. By addressing these domains and conducting further research, nursing education and practice can better prepare future healthcare leaders to promote health and lifestyle effectively within their communities.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the extent of health-promoting lifestyle among student nurses and identify the significant differences according to gender, year level, and living arrangement. 

METHODS

A quantitative, descriptive research design was used with 360 respondents, employing Yamane’s formula and quota sampling. The study adopted the Health-Promoting Lifestyle II questionnaire with a validity of 0.962.

RESULTS

Student nurses often engage in health promoting behaviors (mean=2.56). Male student nurses reported higher scores in health responsibility, physical activity, spiritual growth, and stress management compared to female students (p=0.40). Level IV students engaged in health-promoting activities more frequently than Level I students (p=0.74). Living arrangements did not significantly impact health-promoting lifestyles (p=0.99).

CONCLUSION

No significant difference in health-promoting lifestyles among student nurses. Respondents demonstrated the least health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in the domains of health responsibility, nutrition, and physical activity. In contrast, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, and stress management attained the highest mean scores.

Human ; Physical Activity ; Exercise ; Interpersonal Relations ; Students, Nursing ; Life Style