To efficiently remove all recurrent lymph nodes (rLNs) and minimize complications, we developed a combination approach that consisted of ⁶⁸Gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and integrated indocyanine green (ICG)-guided salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) for rLNs after radical prostatectomy (RP). Nineteen patients were enrolled to receive such treatment. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT was used to identify rLNs, and 5 mg of ICG was injected into the space between the rectum and bladder before surgery. Fluorescent laparoscopy was used to perform sLND. While extensive LN dissection was performed at level I, another 5 mg of ICG was injected via the intravenous route to intensify the fluorescent signal, and laparoscopy was introduced to intensively target stained LNs along levels I and II, specifically around suspicious LNs, with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT. Next, both lateral peritonea were exposed longitudinally to facilitate the removal of fluorescently stained LNs at levels III and IV. In total, pathological analysis confirmed that 42 nodes were rLNs. Among 145 positive LNs stained with ICG, 24 suspicious LNs identified with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT were included. The sensitivity and specificity of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT for detecting rLNs were 42.9% and 96.6%, respectively. For ICG, the sensitivity was 92.8% and the specificity was 39.1%. At a median follow-up of 15 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-31) months, 15 patients experienced complete biochemical remission (BR, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] <0.2 ng ml^-1), and 4 patients had a decline in the PSA level, but it remained >0.2 ng ml^-1. Therefore, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT integrating ICG-guided sLND provides efficient sLND with few complications for patients with rLNs after RP.
Gallium Isotopes ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Ligands ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Salvage Therapy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for assessing tumor load in primary lesions for risk stratification and predicting metastasis of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 36 patients (mean age 71.3 ± 8.6 years, range 56 to 89 years) with newly diagnosed PCa undergoing ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT from June 2018 to July 2019. SUVmax and SUVmean of the primary lesions were measured, and the primary PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA) were automatically measured and calculated in all the patients. The correlations of primary SUVmax, PSMA-TV, and TL-PSMA with PSA and Gleason score (GS) were analyzed, and SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of the primary lesions were compared among different PCa subgroups. RESULTS: SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of the primary lesions were all correlated with PSA and GS (P < 0.05). PCa subgroup analysis showed that SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA were all significantly higher in patients with PSA >20 ng/mL than in those with PSA ≤20 ng/mL (P < 0.001), and were higher in patients with a GS ≥8 than in those with a GS ≤7 (P < 0.001). PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA were significantly higher in patients with tumor metastasis than in those without metastasis (P < 0.001), while SUVmax did not differ significantly with tumor metastasis. SUVmax (P=0.002), PSMA-TV (P < 0.001), and TL-PSMA (P < 0.001) were all significantly higher in high-risk group than in low-to moderate-risk group. CONCLUSION PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT have potential value in predicting risk stratification and metastasis of newly diagnosed PCa.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Edetic Acid ; Gallium Isotopes ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligopeptides ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

It is necessary to use the iodine containing salt and preparation for disease prevention and control. However, we should not forget or consider the adverse effects of iodine containing salt and preparation in case of overdose. It should know the adverse effects of iodine containing salt and preparation and implement correctly the physician's indication to limit and control these adverse effects
Iodine ; Iodine Isotopes ; Overdose

Owing to the worldwide obesity epidemic and the sedentary lifestyle in industrialized countries, the number of people with metabolic diseases is explosively increasing. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which is fundamentally similar to magnetic resonance imaging, can detect metabolic changes in vivo noninvasively. With its noninvasive nature, 1H, 13C and 31P MRS are being actively utilized in clinical and biomedical metabolic studies to detect lipids and important metabolites without ionizing radiation. 1H MRS can quantify lipid content in liver and muscle and can detect other metabolites, such as 2-hydroxyglutarate, in vivo. Of interest, many studies have indicated that hepatic and intramyocellular lipid content is inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans. Thus, lipid content can be utilized as an in vivo biomarker for detecting early insulin resistance. Employing 13C MRS, hepatic glycogen synthesis and breakdown can be directly detected, whereas 31P MRS provides in vivo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rates by saturation transfer methods in addition to ATP content. These in vivo data can be very difficult to assess by other methods and offer a critical piece of metabolic information. To aid the reader in understanding these new methods, fundamentals of MRS are described in this review in addition to promising future applications of MRS and its limitations.
Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Metabolic Diseases/*diagnosis ; Phosphorus Isotopes ; Protons

The denitrifier method is widely used as a novel pretreatment method for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios as it can provide quantitative and high-sensitivity measurements. Nevertheless, the method is limited by relatively low measurement accuracy for δ18O. In this study, we analyzed the factors influencing the accuracy of δ18O determination, and then systematically investigated the effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate sample sizes on estimates of the δ15N and δ18O of nitrate reference materials. The δ18O contraction ratio was used to represent the relationship between the measured difference and true difference between two reference materials. We obtained the following main results: (1) a gas-liquid ratio of 3:10 (v/v) in ordinary triangular flasks and a shaking speed of 120 r/min produced an optimal range (1.9 to 2.6 mg/L) in the concentration of dissolved oxygen for accurately determining δ18O, and (2) the δ18O contraction ratio decreased as nitrate sample size decreased within a certain range (1.0 to 0.1 μmol). Our results suggested that δ18O contraction is influenced mainly by dissolved oxygen concentrations in pure culture, and provided a model for improving the accuracy of oxygen isotope analysis.
Denitrification ; Nitrates/analysis* ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis*

The aim of this study is to develop a synthetic medium suitable for 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) of Streptomyces rimosus. The cell growth rate and oxytetracycline production by S. rimosus M4018 were compared when M4018 cells were growth on the optimized chemically defined media with organic nitrogen sources or inorganic nitrogen sources. First, a synthetic medium contained KNO3 as the main nitrogen source was screened, then optimized by a response surface method. Using this new medium, the oxytetracycline yield was increased from 75.2 to 145.6 mg/L. Furthermore, based on the 13C-MFA, we identified that Entner-Doudoroff pathway does not exist in S. rimosus cells cultured in a chemically defined medium with feed of 100% 1-13C labeled glucose. This study is helpful for subsequent 13C-MFA application of S. rimosus.
Carbon Isotopes ; analysis ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Metabolic Flux Analysis ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Oxytetracycline ; biosynthesis ; Streptomyces rimosus ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the tumor targeting efficacy of (18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2, a novel radiotracer of Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides.

METHODS(18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 was synthesized in one-step by conjugating NOTA-PRGD2 with (18)F-AlF at 100 degrees celsius;. The tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo biodistribution profile of (18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2, following intravenous injection via the tail vein, were evaluated in a nude mouse model bearing subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft by radioactivity biodistribution assessment, PET/CT and microPET/CT.

RESULTSNOTA-PRGD2 was (18)F-fluorinated successfully in one-step with a yield of 17%-25% within 15-20 min. Radioactivity biodistribution study confirmed the tumor-targeting ability of (18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 in the tumor-bearing mice. At 1 and 2 h following injection, (18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 uptake in the tumor reached 4.14∓1.44 and 2.80∓1.18 % ID/g (t=1.910, P=0.070) with tumor/brain ratios of 2.95∓0.61 and 5.21∓2.62, respectively (t=-1.686, P=0.167). Both PET/CT and microPET/CT were capable of showing the radioactivity biodistribution of (18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 in the mouse model and clearly displayed the tumor, but microPET/CT showed a much better image quality.

CONCLUSION(18)F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 prepared by one-step radiosynthesis can selectively target to the tumor, demonstrating its potential as a good radiotracer for tumor imaging.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fluorine Radioisotopes ; Glioblastoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Oligopeptides ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radioactive Tracers

This study explored the feasibility of mineral element content and ratios of nitrogen isotopes to discriminate the cultivation mode of Dendrobium nobile in order to provide theoretical support for the discrimination of the cultivation mode of D. nobile. The content of 11 mineral elements(N, K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) and nitrogen isotope ratios in D. nobile and its substrate samples in three cultivation methods(greenhouse cultivation, tree-attached cultivation, and stone-attached cultivation) were determined. According to the analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and stepwise discriminant analysis, the samples of different cultivation types were classified. The results showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios and the content of elements except for Zn were significantly different among different cultivation types of D. nobile(P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen isotope ratios, mineral element content, and effective component content in D. nobile were correlated with the nitrogen isotope ratio and mineral element content in the corresponding substrate samples to varying degrees. Principal component analysis can preliminarily classify the samples of D. nobile, but some samples overlapped. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, six indicators, including δ~(15)N, K, Cu, P, Na, and Ca, were screened out, which could be used to establish the discriminant model of D. nobile cultivation methods, and the overall correct discrimination rates after back-substitution test, cross-check, and external validation were all 100%. Therefore, nitrogen isotope ratios and mineral element fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analysis could effectively discriminate the cultivation types of D. nobile. The results of this study provide a new method for the identification of the cultivation type and production area of D. nobile and an experimental basis for the quality evaluation and quality control of D. nobile.
Dendrobium ; Minerals ; Discriminant Analysis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes

The retained functionality of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expressed in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells allows the further utilization of post-surgical radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, which is an effective treatment for reducing the risk of recurrence, and even the mortality, of DTC. Whereas, the dedifferentiation of DTC could influence the expression of functional NIS, thereby reducing the efficacy of RAI therapy in advanced DTC. Genetic alternations (such as BRAF and the rearranged during transfection [RET]/papillary thyroid cancer [PTC] rearrangement) have been widely reported to be prominently responsible for the onset, progression, and dedifferentiation of PTC, mainly through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascades. These genetic alternations have been suggested to associate with the reduced expression of iodide-handling genes in thyroid cancer, especially the NIS gene, disabling iodine uptake and causing resistance to RAI therapy. Recently, novel and promising approaches aiming at various targets have been attempted to restore the expression of these iodine-metabolizing genes and enhance iodine uptake through in vitro studies and studies of RAI-refractory (RAIR)-DTC patients. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NIS, known mechanisms of dedifferentiation including the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and the current status of redifferentiation therapy for RAIR-DTC patients.
Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Iodine ; Ion Transport ; Isotopes ; Mortality ; Protein Kinases ; Recurrence ; Sodium Iodide ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Transfection

Objective: To analyze the rate of erythrocyte iron incorporation and provided guidance for the iron nutrition for prepubertal children. Methods: Fifty-seven prepubertal children of Beijing were involved in this study and each subject was orally administered 3 mg of Fe twice daily to obtain a total of 30 mg Fe after a 5-d period. The stable isotope ratios in RBCs were determined in 14th day, 28th day, 60th day, and 90th day. The erythrocyte incorporation rate in children was calculated using the stable isotope ratios, blood volume and body iron mass. Results: The percentage of erythrocyte Fe incorporation increased starting 14 th day, reached a peak at 60 d (boys: 19.67% ± 0.56%, girls: 21.33% ± 0.59%) and then decreased. The erythrocyte incorporation rates of Fe obtained for girls in 60th day was significantly higher than those obtained for boys ( < 0.0001). Conclusions The oral administration of Fe to children can be used to obtain erythrocyte iron incorporation within 90 d. Prepubertal girls should begin to increase the intake of iron and further studies should pay more attention to the iron status in prepubertal children.
Beijing ; Child ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Iron Isotopes ; analysis ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods