No Abstract available.
Isomerism*

No Abstract available.
Isomerism*

No Abstract available.
Isomerism*

No Abstract available.
Diagnostic Imaging* ; Isomerism*

Heterotaxy is defined as an abnormality where the internal thoraco-abdominal organs demonstrate abnormal arrangement across the left-right axis of the body. This broad term includes patients with a wide variety of very complex cardiac lesions. Patients with heterotaxy can be stratified into the subsets of asplenia syndrome and polysplenia syndrome, or the subsets of heterotaxy with isomerism of the right atrial appendages and heterotaxy with isomerism of the left atrial appendages. Treatment of patients with isomerism is determined by the nature and severity of the associated cardiac and extracardiac lesions. Most cardiac operations for patients with isomerism are palliative in nature, since normal anatomy is rarely achieved and mortality rates remain high for patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Patients with left isomerism in general have less severe cardiac malformations than those with right isomerism and, hence, more chance of biventricular repair. For almost all patients with right isomerism, and for many with left isomerism, biventricular repair will not be feasible, and all palliative protocols are then staging procedures prior to a Fontan-type repair. Recent advances in medical management, and improvements in surgical techniques have resulted in improved survival for these patients, and the surgical outcomes are comparable to those with Fontan circulation irrespective of the presence or absence of heterotaxy.
Atrial Appendage ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Heterotaxy Syndrome ; Humans ; Isomerism

One new neolignan identified as 2, 3-( trans) -dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) methyl]-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-propenoic acid (1) and five known steroidal glycosides namely torvoside A(2), torvoside C(3), torvoside H(4), solanolactoside A (5), (25S)-6alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-one-6-0-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3-beta3)-beta-D-D-quinovopyr-anoside] (6) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.
Fruit ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solanum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the components in aerial part of Siegesbeckia pubescens.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and other column chromatography. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTFour compounds were isolated from S. pubescens and were characterized as dimethyl-21-ethenetylene-darutigenol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosid (1), darutigenol (2), darutoside (3), stigmaster-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosid (4).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound.

PURPOSE: to assess the role of MR imaging in determining of the atrial situs in complicated congenital heart disease with situs ambiguus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to classify the situs, the morphology of atrial appendages, on bronchial length ratio, the superior-inferior relation of the pulmonary artery (PA) and main bronchi on each side, and splenic abnormality were evaluated by MR imaging in 22 patients (12 boys and 10 girls), and the results were compared. RESULTS: In all patients, the superior-inferior relation of the PA and main bronchi tended to lateralize, and in one, bronchial length ratio was not consistent with the relation between the PA and bronchus. Bronchial and atrial situs, as determined by appendage morphology, were consistent in ten of 13 right isomerism patients, and in only three of nine of these with left isomerism. All 13 right isomerism patients, classified by the relation of the PA and main bronchi, showed asplenia, whereas eight of nine of these with left isomerism had polysplenia. CONCLUSION: In the assessment of atrial situs by MR imaging, the positional relation of a bronchus and the PA, bronchial length ratio, and splenic abnormality are constant and reliable. The accuracy of classification of situs on the basis of atrial appendage morphology is, however, limited.
Atrial Appendage ; Bronchi ; Classification ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heterotaxy Syndrome* ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pulmonary Artery

BACKGROUND: Identification of atrial situs is the initial step in any segmental analysis and classification of congenital heart malformations. To elucidate the differences for both atria of the normal and congenitally malformed heart, we performed morphological studies on the human heart with or without abnormal laterality syndrome. METHODS: Five normally formed human hearts, five hearts with right isomerism and five hearts with left isomerism were used in this study. The postero-superior walls of the atrial chambers were examined. RESULTS: Although the division line of the ventral and dorsal compartments was not as conspicuous as was seen in the right atrium of rat embryo previously studied, this division line existed as a well-developed terminal crest and vestigial structure of the antero-lateral extension of the terminal crest. These structures were noted in the right atrial chambers of normal human hearts and in the bilateral atrial chambers of right isomerism. However, they were totally absent in the bilateral atrial chambers in hearts with left isomerism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the right atrial chamber in the normally developed human heart has vestigial components of division between the ventral and dorsal compartment, and hearts with right isomerism and left isomerism have differential development of the ventral and the dorsal compartment.
Animals ; Classification ; Embryonic Structures ; Heart Atria ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart* ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Morphogenesis ; Rats

PURPOSE: Developmental processes of atria in embryos or fetuses of the iv/iv mouse were studied to find the differences between right and left atrial chambers and to identify the characteristics of atrial isomerism in the abnormal laterality syndrome. METHODS: Seventy-three embryos from SI/Col iv/iv mice (Jackson's laboratory, USA) or fetuses at the 10th-13th day were used. They were examined using stereomicroscope, scanning electronmicroscope, serial section, and thick slicing in the agar block. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases (45%) had usual arrangement but 40 cases (55%) had abnormal laterality, which included 29 cases of mirror-imaged appendages, seven with left isomerism, two with right isomerism and two with undeterminate appendages. Embryonic right atrium was initially composed of a large conspicuous appendage, which was a thin walled diverticulum and small venous component. As development progressed, venous valves and septum spurium became prominent. The embryonic left atrium was composed of the less conspicuous appendage but the major part of embryonic left atrium was the primitive atrium merging into the atrioventricular canal. The atrial chamber in the right isomerism had a bilateral big appendage and small venous component and the atrioventricular orifice was located in the center of the atrial outlet. Atrial chambers in the left isomerism had a bilateral small appendage and the central venous component was wide. CONCLUSION: The atrial morphology is the best marker in the determination of the atrial laterality. The appendages in hearts with isomerism had bilateral symmetrical arrangement of the appendages.
Agar ; Animals ; Atrial Appendage ; Diverticulum ; Embryonic Structures ; Fetus ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Isomerism ; Mice* ; Venous Valves