Discomfort and pain issue at the body part are common complaints reported by car drivers. It is due to driving task require physical demands and need to maintain and adapt several postures in a constrained space while controlling the car. Hence, this study aims to determine the pattern of shoulder activation muscle consisting of the Trapezius muscle in two different driving posture. Respondents were required to grasp the steering wheel at 8 and 4 hand position. The Surface Electromyography was used to get the reading for left muscle’s Trapezius Descendent (TD) at two different positions; i) closest distant from steering wheel and ii) far distant from the steering wheel. Then, Temporal Analysis was used to evaluate the pattern of the driving action. From the experiment, it shows the different value of muscle activation occurred while driving according to turning action. The far seated position depicted greater activation on driving action compared to the closer seated to the steering wheel. In conclusion, the driving posture effects the activation of shoulder and arm’s muscles as early as after 20 seconds of driving activity. Hence, choosing the correct driving posture allowed a comfortable driving environment for the driver.
Trapezius ; steering wheel ; SEMG ; driver ; temporal analysis ; driving posture

This study explores the use of a long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) marker to elucidate the genetic diversity of Aedes albopictus sampled from urban and forested regions in Peninsular and East Malaysia. A total of 36 samples were collected from 5 localities from which its genetic variability was analysed. 33 distinct mtDNA haplotypes were identified following the amplification and sequencing of the concatenated CO1 gene. The analysed region of the CO1 gene identified substantial levels of genetic diversity among mosquitoes in urban populations and revealed unique genealogical relationships between local isolates as revealed in the haplotype network. This study highlights the reliability of the long CO1 fragment to identify genetic divergence of Aedes albopictus which can be utilized in forthcoming studies.