No abstract available.
Islets of Langerhans* ; Pancreas*

No abstract available.
Islets of Langerhans* ; Pheochromocytoma*

No abstract available.
Hyperplasia* ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Nesidioblastosis*

Humans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation

The ethanol extract of Anemarrhena aspheloides Bunge-Liliaceae in concentration of 2, 4 and 8mg/ml increases the insulin secretion of isolated islets of normal Wistar rat and also of genetic diabetes GK incubated in glucose 3.3 or 16.7mM. So, in addition of Mangiferin, one Anemarrhena active substance having the hypoglycemic effect due to increasing the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues, there are the other substances directly stimulating the pancreas islets to secrete insulin
Insulin ; Animal Experimentation ; Islets of Langerhans

Islet transplantation had been suggested as a potential treatment modality for type I diabetes mellitus for the last two decades. The methods for the islet isolation and purification were developed. In 2000, the excellent clinical outcomes from the Edmonton group were reported. And various basic researches were performed for the elucidation of the mechanism of initial islet loss. Although the Edmonton protocol, which had initially raised hopes that all the technical and immunologic problems would be solved, recently revealed as a limited success within the selective cases and short-term follow-up, these inspirations led us to the subsequent clinical or basic research of islet transplantation. As a result, many clinical trials and studies have been attempted for the establishment of the optimal immune suppression regimen, the prevention from islet loss in the process of isolation, and the improvement of the intraportal engraftment. This article reviews the history and the recent progress and possible strategies for the clinical islet transplantation.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Hope ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation*

No abstract available.
Islets of Langerhans* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.
Animals ; Capsules ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Islets of Langerhans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation* ; Regeneration ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation

Islet transplantation has been considered as an attractive procedure due to its simplicity, and because it can improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patient with hypoglycemic unawareness. In 2000, Shapiro et al. at the University of Alberta in Edmonton reported successful reversal of type 1 diabetes by pancreatic islet transplantation in seven patients with severe hypoglycemia, but no kidney disease. After the Edmonton milestone report, there has been an exponential increase in clinical islet transplantation activities. However, the revived enthusiasm regarding clinical islet transplantation after the landmark Edmonton trial has been decreased by the long-term results. The aim of this review is to summarize history, current status and the perspective of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Alberta ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Islets of Langerhans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Kidney Diseases ; Transplants

Since the report of type 1 diabetes reversal in seven consecutive patients by the Edmonton protocol in 2000, pancreatic islet transplantation has been reappraised based on accumulated clinical evidence. Although initially expected to therapeutically target long-term insulin independence, islet transplantation is now indicated for more specific clinical benefits. With the long-awaited report of the first phase 3 clinical trial in 2016, allogeneic islet transplantation is now transitioning from an experimental to a proven therapy for type 1 diabetes with problematic hypoglycemia. Islet autotransplantation has already been therapeutically proven in chronic pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain refractory to conventional treatments, and it holds promise for preventing diabetes after partial pancreatectomy due to benign pancreatic tumors. Based on current evidence, this review focuses on islet transplantation as a realistic approach to treating diabetes.
Abdominal Pain ; Autografts ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation* ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Transplantation, Autologous