PURPOSE: Lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) plays an important role in jaw movement and has been implicated in Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Migraine has been described as a common symptom in patients with TMDs and may be related to muscle hyperactivity. This study aimed to compare LPM volume in individuals with and without migraine, using segmentation of the LPM in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the TMJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with migraine and 20 volunteers without migraine underwent a clinical examination of the TMJ, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs. MR imaging was performed and the LPM was segmented using the ITK-SNAP 1.4.1 software, which calculates the volume of each segmented structure in voxels per cubic millimeter. The chi-squared test and the Fisher's exact test were used to relate the TMD variables obtained from the MR images and clinical examinations to the presence of migraine. Logistic binary regression was used to determine the importance of each factor for predicting the presence of a migraine headache. RESULTS: Patients with TMDs and migraine tended to have hypertrophy of the LPM (58.7%). In addition, abnormal mandibular movements (61.2%) and disc displacement (70.0%) were found to be the most common signs in patients with TMDs and migraine. CONCLUSION: In patients with TMDs and simultaneous migraine, the LPM tends to be hypertrophic. LPM segmentation on MR imaging may be an alternative method to study this muscle in such patients because the hypertrophic LPM is not always palpable.
Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Jaw ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Migraine Disorders* ; Pterygoid Muscles* ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* ; Volunteers

This study was carried out to investigate fifteen cases of acute lethal infection of calves (< or = 4 months of age) by the protozoan parasite Theileria (T.) annulata in the south of Portugal. Calves developed multifocal to coalescent nodular skin lesions, similar to multicentric malignant lymphoma. Infestation with ticks (genus Hyalomma) was intense. Theileria was seen in blood and lymph node smears, and T. annulata infection was confirmed by isolation of schizont-transformed cells and sequencing of hypervariable region 4 of the 18S rRNA gene. At necropsy, hemorrhagic nodules or nodules with a hemorrhagic halo were seen, particularly in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal and cardiac muscles, pharynx, trachea and intestinal serosa. Histologically, nodules were formed by large, round, lymphoblastoid neoplastic-like cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified these cells as mostly CD3 positive T lymphocytes and MAC387 positive macrophages. A marker for B lymphocytes (CD79alphacy) labeled very few cells. T. annulata infected cells in these nodules were also identified by IHC through the use of two monoclonal antibodies (1C7 and 1C12) which are diagnostic for the parasite. It was concluded that the pathological changes observed in the different organs and tissues were caused by proliferation of schizont-infected macrophages, which subsequently stimulate a severe uncontrolled proliferation of uninfected T lymphocytes.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/pathology ; Cell Growth Processes/physiology ; DNA, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry/veterinary ; Lymphocytes/parasitology/*pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Portugal/epidemiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary ; Theileria annulata/*isolation & purification ; Theileriasis/epidemiology/parasitology/*pathology

Maxillofacial images must be examined to find pathologies not identified during clinical examination. Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) extending to the mandibular body and ramus was neglected on initial panoramic radiographic examination. After orthodontic therapy, a huge lesion was observed clinically and through imaging exams. After the conservative surgery, no recurrence was observed during five years of follow-up. This case emphasized the need for careful evaluation of patient images focusing on the oral diagnosis before any dental treatment planning, including orthodontic therapy.
Ameloblastoma* ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Dentistry ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Pathology ; Recurrence