Great attention should be paid now to simultaneously removing common pollutants, especially inorganic pollutants such as nitrate and heavy metals, as individual removal has been investigated extensively. Removing common pollutants simultaneously by iron metal is a very effective alternative method. Near neutral pH, heavy metals, such as copper and nickel, can be removed rapidly by iron metal, while nitrate removal very much slower than that of copper and nickel, and copper can accelerate nitrate removal when both are removed simultaneously. Even a little amount of copper can enhance nitrate removal efficiently. Different mechanisms of these contaminants removal by iron metal were also discussed.
Copper ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Environmental Pollution ; prevention & control ; Iron ; chemistry ; Metals, Heavy ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Nitrates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; X-Ray Diffraction

OBJECTIVEUsing animal anemia models to observe the antianemia effect of Shengxuesu, and to afford an experimental basis for preventing and treating anemia.

METHODRat model of iron deficiency induced by denutrition and mouse model of nemorrhagic anemia by blood lefting were established. Indices of hemoglobin(HB), red blood cell count(RBC), hematocrit(HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin count(MCHC), serum iron(SI), serum ferritin (SF) and total iron-binding capacity(TIBC) were monitored.

RESULTA dosage of Shengxuesu 0.5-2 g.kg-1 was given to the rat model of hypoferric anemia by gavage for 15 days, and to the mouse model of hemorrhagic anemia by gavage for 7 days. The result shows that HB, RBC, HCT, MCHC in blood and iron, ferroprotein in serum were elevated significantly; but total bounding iron in serum was decreased. Meanwhile, diet amount, diet consumption and general activity of the model rats were increased.

Anemia, Hemolytic ; blood ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; blood ; Animals ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Deer ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Count ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Iron ; blood ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To establish a feasible evaluation index and method to identify composition of remaining metal particles on ferrochrome kitchen knife. METHODS: The small samples of remaining metal particles were rubbed from the knives using filter paper. The composition of remaining metal particles was detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and GSR particle analysis function, using mathematical methods to calculate the ratio (relative amount) of Fe and Cr in remaining metal particles. RESULTS: The ratio (relative amount) of Fe and Cr of remaining metal particles had significant differences among most ferrochrome kitchen knives (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Using GSR particle analysis function to quantitatively detect the ratio (relative amount) of Fe and Cr of remaining metal particles on ferrochrome kitchen knife, which can establish the feasible evaluation method to estimate such injury tool.
China ; Chromium/isolation & purification* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Iron/isolation & purification* ; Metals/chemistry* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods* ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/methods* ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/pathology*

Reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron is a highly exergonic reaction that has long been known to occur. Use of scrap iron filings (SIF) as the PRB (Permeable Reactive Barrier) material can be used to recycle certain by-products, and identify cheaper replacements for expensive conventional PRB materials, especially pure metallic iron. The feasibility of reductive denitrification of nitrate by SIF was studied by batch experiments. Operational parameters such as pH value, SIF dosage and initial concentration of nitrate were investigated. The removal efficiency of nitrate reached 80% under the conditions of pH of 2.5, nitrate initial concentration of 45 mg/L and SIF dosage of 100 g/L within 4 h. Results indicated that nitrate removal is inversely related to pH. Low pH value condition favors for the nitrate transformation. Different from the results of others who studied nitrate reduction using iron powder, we found that there was a lag time before nitrate reduction occurs, even at low pH. Finally, the possible mechanism of nitrate reduction by Fe0 is discussed.
Computer Simulation ; Feasibility Studies ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron ; chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Nitrates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; isolation & purification ; Water Purification ; methods

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of o-chlorophenol in wastewater was studied in a stainless steel autoclave using four different Fe catalysts in the temperature range of 100-200 degrees C. Experimental results showed that high rate of o-chlorophenol and COD(Cr) (Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L) removal by CWAO was obtained at relatively low temperature and pressure. The catalysts Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, Fe2O3 and FeCl3 all exhibited high catalytic activity. More than 93.7% of the initial COD(Cr) and nearly 100% of o-chlorophenol were removed at 150 degrees C after 150 min with FeSO4 as catalyst. The CWAO of o-chlorophenol was found to be pseudo-first order reaction with respect to o-chlorophenol, with activation energy of 75.56 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 100-175 degrees C.
Catalysis ; Chlorophenols ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Salts ; chemistry ; Solutions ; Temperature ; Water Purification ; methods

Chronic Opisthorchis viverrini-induced hepatobiliary disease is associated with significant leukocyte infiltration, including activated macrophages; however, the polarization of infiltrating macrophages remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we characterized macrophage polarization and phenotype in chronic O. viverrini-induced hepatobiliary disease in humans and hamsters using gene expression and histochemical analysis. Chronic O. viverrini infection and associated hepatobiliary diseases were associated with iron loaded M2-like macrophages in both humans and hamsters. This study provides suggestive evidence that iron loaded M2-like macrophages promote hepatobiliary disease in chronic O. viverrini infection.
Animals ; Cricetinae ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iron/*metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/*parasitology/*pathology ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism ; Mesocricetus ; Opisthorchiasis/*complications/*pathology ; Opisthorchis/*isolation & purification

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; etiology ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male

Methanotrophs can catalyze hydroxylate of methane and some hydrocarbon. Which play an important role in mitigating global warming and have also potential significance for industrial applications or bioremediation. A high activity of hydroxylase, a crucial component in sMMO, from Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011 has been purified to homologues by using chromatographic techniques. The molecular weight of the hydroxylase determined by gel filtration is 201.3 kD, and SDS-PAGE showed that hydroxylase consists of three subunits(alpha beta gamma) with molecular weights of 58kD, 36kD and 23kD respectively, drawing a comparison both methods indicated that the hydroxylase is a homodimer with an (alpha beta gamma)2 configuration. Purified hydroxylase has a pI at 5.2 judged by thin layer isoelectric focusing. The purified hydroxylase contains 3.02 mol of iron per mol of protein. The stability pH for the hydroxylase in solution is 5.8-8.0 and the stability temperature is below 35 degrees C. The cells form show a long, bent, and rod-shaped with even surface observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Chemical Phenomena ; Enzyme Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron ; metabolism ; Methylosinus trichosporium ; enzymology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxygenases ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Temperature

A marine unicellular green alga, Platymonas subcordiformis, was demonstrated to photobiologically produce hydrogen gas from seawater. The objective of this study was to localize and identify the hydrogenase isolated from P. subcordiformis. Adaptation in the presence of inhibitors of protein biosynthesis indicated that the hydrogenase was much more inhibited by cycloheximide than that by chloramphenicol. The result suggested that the hydrogenase isolated from P. subcordiformis is probably synthesized in cytoplasmic ribosomes. Both Western blot analysis and immunogold electron microscopy demonstrate that the P. subcordiformis hydrogenase is mainly located in the chloroplast stroma. The proteins that reacted specifically with the antibodies against the iron hydrogenase isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were concentrated by immunoprecipitation. The separated protein bands were cut out of the SDS-PAGE gel, in-gel digested by trypsin, and analyzed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Mascot was employed for analysis of the MALDI data using the public databases NCBInr. The hydrogenase isolated from P. subcordiformis was identified to be the Fe-hydrogenase.
Algal Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Chloramphenicol ; pharmacology ; Chlorophyta ; enzymology ; Cycloheximide ; pharmacology ; Cytoplasm ; enzymology ; ultrastructure ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hydrogenase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Immunoprecipitation ; methods ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for detecting plasma concentration of corn polysaccharide iron complex (CPIC) and investigate its absorption, distribution and elimination in rats.

METHODSUsing radioactivity isotope tracing method, we detected the radioactivity of (59)Fe-CPIC in the plasma of rats at different time points by gavages of 3 doses (28.0, 14.0, and 7.0 mg/kg) (59)Fe-CPIC in SD rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters was obtained using DAS 2.0 program for analysis of tissue distribution and elimination of (59)Fe-CPIC.

RESULTSThe standard curve was linear within the range of 0.14-141 µg/ml (r=0.9999, n=5). The average recovery was 95% with a relative standard deviation no more than 15%. The pharmacokinetic parameters at 3 doses obtained, namely t1/2 and AUC (0-), were 214∓104, 231∓110, and 181∓81 min, and 1986.3∓513.3, 737.0∓467.0, and 315.1∓226.1 mg·min-1·L(-)1, respectively. (59)Fe-CPIC were detected in all the 13 tissues types examined and high radioactivity intensity was found in the gastrointestinal tract, hematogenic organs and other organs rich in blood. (59)Fe-CPIC was eliminated after intragastric administration primarily via the feces in rats.

CONCLUSIONThe method we established is easy and specific, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of (59)Fe-CPIC fit the two- compartment open model.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Coordination Complexes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Feces ; chemistry ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iron ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Iron Radioisotopes ; Male ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution ; Zea mays ; chemistry