In this report, we want to propose new one-dimensional parameters for eye-image correction through manipulations of lid elevation. The eye ball exposure area could be divided to three subdivisional areas: iris, medial sclera and lateral sclera. Ratios among these subdivisional square measures of eye ball exposure are the most important and effective factors to present for the eye-image. But, for the surgeons, it is not easy to measure this areas. So we came to propose paramedian widths, mid-scleral widths. We suggest several compositions of one-dimensional measures which would represent for eye-image like the ratios of square measures of subdivisional areas. However, there would be no exact rule in this ratios because there have been no exact rule also in the beautiful face, they would be useful rules for eye-image. It is entirely up to every surgeon to decide the rules of these parameters.
Iris ; Sclera

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity shape, bond quality of bonding agent and volume of resin composite on shrinkage stress developed at the cavity floor. This was done by measuring the shear bond strength with respect to iris materials (cavity shape; adhesive-coated dentin as a high C-factor and Teflon-coated metal as a low C-factor), bonding agents (bond quality; Scotchbond(TM) Multi-purpose and Xeno(R)III) and iris hole diameters (volume; 1 mm or 3 mm in diameter x 1.5 mm in thickness). Ninety-six molars were randomly divided into 8 groups (2 x 2 x 2 experimental setup). In order to simulate a Class I cavity, shear bond strength was measured on the flat occlusal dentin surface with irises. The iris hole was filled with Z250 restorative resin composite in a bulk-filling manner. The data was analyzed using three-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. Fracture mode analysis was also done. When the cavity had high C-factor, good bond quality and large volume, the bond strength decreased significantly. The volume of resin composite restricted within the well-bonded cavity walls is also be suggested to be included in the concept of C-factor, as well as the cavity shape and bond quality. Since the bond quality and volume can exaggerate the effect of cavity shape on the shrinkage stress developed at the resin-dentin bond, resin composites must be filled in a method, which minimizes the volume that can increase the C-factor.
Dentin* ; Iris ; Molar

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to develop a novel pupil and iris segmentation algorithm. We evaluated segmentation performance based on a fractal model. Two methods were compared: Daugman's and our new proposed method. METHODS: We received 200 anterior segment images with 3,872x2,592 pixels. Here we present an active contour model that accurately detects pupil boundaries in order to improve the performance of segmentation systems. We propose a method that uses iris segmentation based on a fractal model. We compared the performance of Daugman's method and the proposed new method and statistically analyzed the results. RESULTS: We manually compared segmentation with the Daugman's method and the new proposed method. The findings showed that the proposed segmentation accuracy was about 2.5 percent higher than Daugman's method. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the under and over data between the two methods. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the new proposed method was more accurate than the conventional method for the measurement of segmentation of the eye by CAD (Computer-aided Diagnosis).
Eye ; Fractals ; Iris ; Pupil

The objectiveness of this study was to evaluate whether low-viscosity composite can bond effectively to dentin surface without bonding resin. The low-viscosity composites being 50wt% filler content were made by the inclusion of bonding resin of two self-etching systems(Clearfil SE Bond, Unifil Bond) varied with contents as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%. Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted 3rd molars are used. Dentin bond strengths were measured. The tests were carried out with a micro-shear device placed testing machine at a CHS of 1mm/min after a low-viscosity composite was filled into an iris cut from micro tygon tubing with internal diameter approximately 0.8mm and height of 1.0mm. 1. Flexural strength and modulus was increased with the addition of bonding resin. 2. Micro-shear bond strength to dentin was improved according to content of bonding resin irrespective of applying or not bonding resin in bonding procedure, and that of Clearfil SE Bond groups was higher than Unifil Bond. 3. There were no significant difference whether use of each bonding resin in bonding procedure for S-40, S-50, U-50(p>0.05). 4. In SEM examination, resin was well infiltrated into dentin after primed with self-etching primer only for S-50 and U-50 in spite of the formation of thinner hybrid layer. Low viscosity composite including some functional monomer may be used as dentin bonding resin without an intermediary bonding agent. It makes a simplified bonding procedure and foresees the possibility of self-adhesive restorative material.
Dentin* ; Iris ; Molar ; Viscosity

This study was performed to evaluate histopathologic and physical characteristics of anterior capsule during capsulorhexis with a new high-frequency diathermy.The authors investigated the histopathologic characteristics of anterior capsule according to coagulation time and anterior capsular diameter in diathermy capsulorhesxis(DC),comparing with those in continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC). Thermally induced histopathologic alter-ation was localized at anterior capsule with coagulation for 0.5 second, while it was extended into cortex with coagulation for 2 seconds.When capsulorhexis was performed with diameter of 6 mmand the margin was pulled with iris retractor,anterior capsular edge was fully extended both in CCC and DC.But with diameter of 3.5 mm,DC mostly led to tear of capsular edge on its extension,while CCC permitted full extension of anterior capsular edge.These results suggest that strength of anterior capsular edge in DC is inferior to that in CCC.However diathermy capsulorhexis is a useful alternative technique in cases,which CCC is difficult to perform,such ashypermature or congenital cataracts.
Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract ; Diathermy* ; Iris

Polycoria is a rare congenital anomaly of iris. In a wider sense polycoria is including iris dehiscence and iris diastasis as well as true polycoria. A case of binocular iris dehiscence accompanied with congenital anomalies of teeth was reported and literatures were reviewed.
Iris ; Telescopes* ; Tooth

In the special cases that iris was not naturally prolapsed from the ab externo incision at the peripheral iridectomy for glaucoma(Barkan, Scheie), the iris could be easily drawn out by applying the iris suction which was designed by author. Kong iris suction is similar to the Bell erisophake, but the cup of the iris suction is transparent so that the prolapsing process through the wound could be seen. The peripheral iridectomy with smallest size of the scleral incision can be performed uing the iris suction without introducing the iris forsceps into chamber.
Iridectomy ; Iris* ; Suction* ; Wounds and Injuries

A case of heterochromic cyclitis is reported in a 32 year old man. The patient had adepigmentation of iris (Heterochromia), few fine posteiror corneal deposits and a complicated cataract of the right eye. There was no rise in intraocular tension. Literature for pathogenesis was briefly reviewed.
Adult ; Cataract ; Humans ; Iridocyclitis* ; Iris

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a common disorder caused by a loss of epidermal pigment cells. The pigment cells in the skin and uveal tract are similar in their physiology and morphology and share a common embryologic origin. OBJECT: The purpose of our study was to determine the nature of the relationship between vitiligo and ocular disease. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with vitiligo were examined for ocular abnormalities. RESULTS: There were 17ocular abnormalities our study; 5 fundal focal hypopigmented spots (9.6%), 6 iris pigment clumps(11.5%), and 6 lens opacity(11.5%). CONCLUSION: We believe that vitiligo may affect pigment cells in the eye. Therefore, all patients with vitiligo should have ocular examinations.
Humans ; Iris ; Physiology ; Skin ; Vitiligo*

The umbilicus is a central line of abdomen and can be an important aesthetic interest in the abdomen wall, so its loss can be a source of psychological distress. Many techniques for reconstruction of a lost umbilicus have been described, however none has achieved a perfect result. There are few reports that describe the procedure for immediate reconstruction of umbilicus after surgical ablation except Miller's Iris technique. We have performed umbilical reconstruction right after the umbilicus was resected during the surgery. The patient was a 34 year old man with urachal cancer, who wanted to have his lost umbilicus reconstructed immediately for personal, social, and aesthetic reasons. We tried immediate reconstruction with modified iris technique. Using three local flaps, we fixed the central portion of inferior flap at the area of 1 cm below umbilical defect on linea alba. The neoumbilicus retained in its depth and natural shape. This technique is considered to be simple and draw good results.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Humans ; Iris ; Umbilicus