PURPOSE: The aim was to assess how the background site affects the Gates' glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement using Tc-99m-DTPA in correlation with GFR by I-125-iothalamate method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study populations were 63 adults with 39 men and 24 women aged from 20 to 59 yrs (mean = 37.9 yrs). The following five background regions of interest were used in measurement of GFR using Gates' method: 1) lower side of each kidney (subrenal), 2) around each kidney (circumferential), 3) upper side of each kidney (suprarenal), 4) lateral side of each kidney (lateral), 5) between the two kidneys (inter-renal). We also measured GFR using I-125-iothalamate in each subject. The two studies were separated by 1 to 3 weeks. The subjects were divided into two groups by renal depth. Group 1 with renal depth> or=7cm and group 2 with renal depth < 7 cm. We calculated the means and standard deviations of the GFRs measured by two studies. And we statistically analyzed the correlation and differences among GFRs by Gates' method and the GFR by iothalamate method with correlation analysis. RESULTS: The GFRs by Gates' method using suprarenal and inter-renal background correction showed better correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate. And GFRs measured by Gates' method showed statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal depth < 7cm. But GFRs measured by Gates' method did not show statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal depth > or=7cm. CONCLUSION: GFRs measured with Gates' method showed higher correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate when the regions of interest were placed over the suprarenal and inter-renal backgrounds. And GFRs measured with Gates method showed statistically significant correlation with the GFR measured by I-125-iothalamate in the group with renal depth < 7cm.
Adult ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Iothalamic Acid ; Kidney ; Male

The study was conducted to compare the side effects in myelography of the two non-ionic water-soluble contrastmedias, Iopamidol(Niopam) and Metrizamide(Amipaque). A total of 111 patients were examined, 64 with Iopamidol and47 with Metizamide. Side effects consisted of headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, urinary difficulty, muscularpain, seizure, neurobehavioral distrubance, neurologial sign change, vital sign change and etc. The common sideeffects were headache, nausea, vomiting and dizziness in order of frequency. Most of the side effcts were subsidedwithin 24 hours following meylography. Iopamidol myelography caused fewer and milder side effects than Metrizamidestudy. The side effects were more commonly observed in cervial, thoracic or total myelography than in lumbarmyelography with either lopamidol or Metrizamide. There was no significant correlation between incidence of theside effects and premedication with phenobarbital or valium injection before myelography and CSF sampling duringthe procedure.
Diazepam ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iopamidol ; Iothalamic Acid ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Nausea ; Phenobarbital ; Premedication ; Seizures ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

Intraosseous venographic features of the skull base have been studied by the injection of a water-soluble radiopaque medium in the occipital condyle. By this method, the whole intracranial epidural venous structures of the skull base were demonstrated without overlapping of the extracranial vein, except jugular veins and upper cervical vertebral venous plexi. Since 1966, a total of 82 venographies have been performed for the diagnosis of various lesion in the skull base. This series consisted of acoustic neurinoma(3), jugular glomus. Tumor(2), pituitary adenoma(6), sphenoid ridge meningioma(1), metastatic tumor(7), venous malformation(8), pachymeningitis externa(22), parasite infestation(3), trigeminal neuralgia(3), pseudotumor cerebri(16) and others(11). METHOD: Under premedication of Seconal 100 mg and Demerol 50 mg, the patient is placed in the Bowen-Hirtz position. However, until the plain roentgenogram is taken the patient may used a pillow for a comfortable interval. The skin of the mandibulomastoid region is prepared with iodine. A procaine wheal on superficial tissue is made 0.5cm below the lowest attachment of the pinna. Through the wheel an 18-guage spinal puncture needle is introduced in a slightly superior and posterior direction(superior 20 degrees Angle, posterior 10 degrees Angle) until the body surface is touched. The needle is further introduced through the body cortex by steady pressure and rotation. When the needle is firmly fixed the stylet is withdrawn and blood is aspirated from the needle as if in a vein. If free injection with 3-5cc of a saline is established easily by hand, the stylet should be replaced as before. The pillow is then removed and a plain X-ray film, submentovertical view, is taken. After confirmation of an adequate placement of the needle to the occipital condyle on the roentgenogram, an injection of 30cc of 60% angioconray is made as rapidly as possible by hand or a pressure injector. This is the only part of the examination that may cause discomfort to the patient. A film should be taken toward the end of the injection. One film is usually sufficient. Manual jugular compression and/or Vasalva maneuvers, to increase opacification, may be used but its efficacy is not always sufficiently constant. Satisfactory jugular compression can be obtained by use of a sphygmomanometer cuff, adjusted around the neck and inflated up to about 50 mmHg. With this technique the whole venous structure of the skull base, including the middle meningeal and orbital sinuses, can be visualized. This method, because of the close situation of the occipital condyle, has the advantage of demonstrating the whole marginal sinus of the foramen magnum and the upper cervical vertebral venous plexi. To date no complication have been encountered. Its diagnostic significance is gratifying in detecting the extent and localization of space-occupying lesion, inflammatory processes and venous thrombosis or malformation of the skull base.
Acoustics ; Diagnosis ; Foramen Magnum ; Hand ; Humans ; Iodine ; Iothalamic Acid ; Jugular Veins ; Meningitis ; Meperidine ; Neck ; Needles ; Orbit ; Parasites ; Phlebography* ; Premedication ; Procaine ; Secobarbital ; Skin ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Sphygmomanometers ; Spinal Puncture ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis ; X-Ray Film

The authors reviewed findings of enhanced abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans to the difference between a higher dose of conventional ionic contrast media(iothalamate meglumine) and a lower dose of a new, nonionic contrast material (ioversol). One hundred adult patients were divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 50 patients. Iothalamate meglumine and ioversol were intravenously administered in each group. The ratio of the male to female in the former was 28.22, and the latter 29:21. We examine the degree of renal streak artifact and measure the Hounsfield number of urine in renal collecting system. There were significant differences of the degree of the streak artifact depending upon the osmolality of contrast media used and that was related with urine CT number (P value<0.005). We authors conclude that nonionic low osmolar contrast media is prone to cause streak artifacts and distortions of renal image than conventional ionic high osmolar contrast media.
Adult ; Artifacts* ; Contrast Media* ; Female ; Humans ; Iothalamate Meglumine ; Kidney* ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration

Conray ventriculography is a method for the roentgenographic visualization of the cerebral ventricular system with meglumine iothalamate 60%(Conray). Although it has been known that ventriculography using Conray 60% offers definite advantages compared to that with other contrast media and untoward reactions have been reported as mild and transitory ones, a significant disadvantage is the possible development of seizures. Recently we had performed Conray ventriculogrqaphy and analized their untoward reactions in 25 cases which were previously proved hydrocephalic by cerebral angiographies, from march, 1973 to August, 1974. They included twenty cases of brain tumor and five cases of hydrocephalus. Untoward reactions were analized with respect to the different concentration of the contrast media used, communicating or noncommunicating pathway of the cerebrospinal fluid and the different sites of obstruction in the cerebrospinal fluid pathway. The results were as follows: 1. Headache and convulsion were more frequently observed in cases of ventriculography using undiluted Conray. 2. High frequency of vomiting was observed in cases with communicating pathway of the cerebrospinal fluid. 3. There seemed to be no difference in untoward reactions between the levels of obstruction in the cerebrospinal fluid pathway.
Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Contrast Media ; Headache ; Hydrocephalus ; Iothalamate Meglumine ; Seizures ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to report on our experience with modified radiology-guided percutaneous gastrostomy (MRPG) without endoscopic or nasogastric access for treating patients with complete obstruction of the upper digestive tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen oncology patients (13 had hypopharyngeal cancer and 1 had upper esophageal cancer) with complete obstruction of the upper digestive tract were recruited. Conventional percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and radiologic (fluoroscopy-guided) percutaneous gastrostomy (RPG) were not feasible in all the patients. An MRPG technique (with a combination of ultrasound, an air enema and fluoroscopic guidance) was performed in these patients. RESULTS: We achieved successfully percutaneous gastrostomy using the modified technique in all patients without any major or minor complications after the procedure. CONCLUSION: A modified radiology-guided percutaneous gastrostomy technique can be safely performed in patients who failed to receive conventional PEG or RPG due to the absence of nasogastric access in the completely obstructed upper digestive tract.
Adult ; Aged ; Conscious Sedation ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Esophageal Neoplasms/radiography/*surgery ; Female ; Gastrostomy/*methods ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/radiography/*surgery ; Iothalamate Meglumine/diagnostic use ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiography/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Interventional ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/radiography/*surgery