PURPOSE: Iodine has been used for the prevention or management of wound infection as a topical agent. Although iodine was widely used mainly by Betadine(R) and cadexomer iodine, there was no comparative study on the efficacies of dressing methods of iodine. And also it's wound healing effect was not yet clear. The purpose of this study is to compare antibacterial effects and wound healing effects associated with various dressing methods of iodine on infected full thickness skin defect in the mouse. METHODS: One full thickness skin defects in the mice (n=60) were developed on the back and left open for twenty-four hours. Sixty mice were divided into four groups : group S(dressing with Betadine(R) soaking, n=15), group T (dressing with Betadine(R) topping, n=15), group I(dressing with Iodosorb(R), n=15), group G(control group, dressing with dry gauze, n=15). The size of the wound defects and the grades of wound healing were evaluated in 4, 7, 10 days, and antibacterial effect was evaluated with restricted zone in Mueller Hinton agar by disk diffusion method. RESULTS: After the wound was left open for twenty-four hours, many Staphylococcus aureus were cultured. The wound defect size was decreased in order of Betadine(R) soaking, Iodosorb(R), Betadine(R) topping and gauze dressing group in all days, but difference among experimental groups was not statistically significant. The grade score of wound healing was increased in order of Betadine(R) soaking, Iodosorb(R), Betadine(R) topping and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. Antibacterial effect for S. aureus was increased in order of Iodosorb(R), Betadine(R) soaking, Betadine(R) topping and gauze dressing group, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Selection of the effective dressing method of iodine for infected wounds remains a controversial decision. According to this study, Iodosorb(R) may be most effective method for antibacterial effect and Betadine(R) soaking may be most effective method for infected wound healing. However, further study is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dressing methods of iodine and to search for the mechanisms that explain their effects.
Agar ; Animals ; Bandages ; Diffusion ; Iodine ; Iodophors ; Mice ; Skin ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Wound Healing ; Wound Infection

OBJECTIVETo study the resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an indicator used in hospitals.

METHODSWe used minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of iodoph and chlorhexidine to MRSA, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538.

RESULTSObvious difference between MRSA and MSSA the MIC of Iodophor was noticed. Among MICs, 5.3% MRSA strains were 2-folds and 28.9% MRSA strains were 1.5 fold more than staph. aureus ATCC6538, while the MIC of 11.1% MSSA strains raised 1.5 fold than ATCC6538. The MIC of 83.3% MSSA strains were the same to staph. aureus ATCC6538. The MIC of chlorhexidine to MRSA, MSSA and staphylococcus aureus ATTC6538 were similar to each other.

CONCLUSIONResults showed that some MRSA were more resistant to Iodophor than staph. aureus ATCC6538, but remained the same resistance to Chlorhexidine. Thus the concentration of Iodophor should be raised when the resistant strains were isolated.

Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Chlorhexidine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Iodophors ; pharmacology ; Methicillin ; pharmacology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of B-ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerotherapy with 2% iodophor for treatment of renal cysts.

METHODSTwenty-eight cases of sympotomatic renal cysts were treated with B-ultrasound-guided aspiration followed by sclerotherapy with 2% iodopher, which was maintained for 20 min. After extraction of iodopher, another injection of 2% iodopher (5-10 ml) into the cysts was given. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 18 months.

RESULTSFull recovery was achieved in 25 cases and improvement in 2 cases. Recurrence was found in 1 case after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSB-ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerotherapy with 2% iodophor is safe, minimally invasive, and highly effective for treatment of symptomatic renal cysts.

Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Female ; Humans ; Iodophors ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sclerosing Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Sclerotherapy ; methods ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; Bone Diseases ; drug therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Iodophors ; administration & dosage ; Joint Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suppuration ; drug therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation

BACKGROUNDTo screen for the most resistant bacteriophage as indicator in disinfection tests, the resistance of bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4 and f2 to iodophor were observed in laboratory.

METHODSThe virucidal activity of iodophor against bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4, and f2 were assessed by suspension test. The neutralizer is selected and appraised by testing with neutralizer. Bacteriophage phi chi 174D, T4, and f2 were detected and enumerated by the double-agar-layer plaque technique.

RESULTS(1) With 500 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 40 min, or 750 mg/L, 10 min, or 1000 mg/L, 5 min, the reduction of bacteriophage phi chi 174D could achieve the "disinfection" level [log10 inactivation value (LIV) or log10 reduction value (LRV) of bacteriophage phi chi 174D (log10 No-log10 Nt) was > or = 4.00 log10]. (2) With 600 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 40 min, or 700 mg/L, 5 min, the reductions of bacteriophage T4 could achieve the "disinfection" level. (3) With 50 mg/L of available iodine of iodophor solution, within a contact time of 10 min, or 75 mg/L, 10 min, the reductions of bacteriophage f2 could achieve the "disinfection" level.

CONCLUSIONThe order of resistance of the above three bacteriophages to iodophor from greatest to smallest is as follows: bacteriophage phi chi 174D greater than bacteriophage T4 > bacteriophage f2.

Bacteriophage T4 ; drug effects ; Bacteriophage phi X 174 ; drug effects ; Bacteriophages ; drug effects ; Disinfectants ; pharmacology ; Disinfection ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Iodophors ; pharmacology ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacology ; Virus Inactivation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo determine the susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. chelonei subsp. absecessus to several frequently-used disinfectants and to evaluate the practicability of surrogating M. tuberculosis by the latter.

METHODSA suspension quantitative bactericidal test was set up in accordance with Chinese Technique Standard for Disinfection to evaluate the susceptibility of each mycobacteria strain to each selected disinfectant. Killing log value was used as criterion in comparing the susceptibility to disinfectants between the two strains.

RESULTSM. chelonei subsp. abscessus was more resistant to chlorine disinfectant than M. tuberculosis while the two strains were similarly resistant to iodophor disinfectant, peracetic acid, alcohol and glutaraldehyde disinfectant.

CONCLUSIONM. chelonei subsp. abscessus has the potential to surrogate M. tuberculosis in evaluating mycobactericidal efficacies of disinfectants.

Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Chlorine Compounds ; pharmacology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disinfectants ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Iodophors ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium Infections ; Mycobacterium chelonae ; drug effects ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; Peracetic Acid ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

CLINICAL SCENARIO: An 82-year-old female with no apparent ocular problems, except fora brunescent cataract, underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular-lens (IOL) implantation. Postoperative medication consisted solely of antibiotic-steroid eye drops. One day after uneventful surgery, the patient developed severe pain, poor vision, and redness in the operated eye. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 1 meter. The eye had ciliary injection, grade 4 flare and cells, a small hypopyon, fibrin extending from the corneal wound, and a mildly edematous cornea. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24 mm Hg. Exudates behind the IOL were noted, but visualization was poor. Anterior-chamber and vitreous taps revealed gram-positive cocci. Could the ophthalmologist have prevented this complication? CLINICAL QUESTION: Among patients undergoing cataract extraction, what is the most effective regimen that can reduce the risk of endophthalmitis? SEARCH METHOD: A Medline search was performed using the keywords "endophthalmitis," "cataract," and "prevention." The search was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCT). No studies were found that compared endophthalmitis rates using different perioperative prophylactic measures. Most studies reported used substitute outcome measures such as periocular bacterial load, intraocular penetration of antibiotics, and anterior-chamber contamination. After reviewing the abstracts, only one RCT was considered relevant to the clinical question CITATION: Soto AM, Mendivil MP. The effect of topical povidone-iodine, intraocular vancomycin, or both on aqueous humor cultures at the time of cataract surgery. Ophthalmol 2001; 131:293-300. (Author)
PHACOEMULSIFICATION, VANCOMYCIN, POVIDONE-IODINE

Objectives: To determine the microbiologic flora after surgical skin preparation of the incision site using either chlorhexidine or povidone iodine antiseptic solution prior to cesarean section among obstetric patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of ninety-two (92) obstetric patients who were admitted for cesarean section. They underwent fishbowl lottery, wherein participants drew from a bag of folded stubs written chlorhexidine or povidone iodine, to determine their distribution to either group. Forty six (46) participants were distributed in each group. Skin cultures were obtained by the researchers from the incision site after surgical skin preparation using chlorhexidine or povidone iodine. Results: Total of 92 participants enrolled in this study, 46 participants in chlorhexidine group and another 46 participants in povidone iodine group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of clinicodemographic characteristics. Out of the 92 participants, only one participant, under the povidone iodine group, showed a growth of 100,000 colony-forming units of Enterobacter cloacae and has no statistical significance in the growth of microbiologic flora after effective surgical skin preparation with either chlorhexidine or povidone iodine. Conclusions This study showed that chlorhexidine and povidone iodine are both effective in eliminating microbiologic flora after surgical skin preparation prior to cesarean section. Povidone iodine is still a sound choice of antiseptic especially in low resource setting. Due to the descriptive nature of this paper, only assumptions that chlorhexidine and povidone iodine are comparable antiseptic solutions can be deduced from this study.
Cesarean Section ; Povidone-Iodine

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Povidone-Iodine*

OBJECTIVE: It is important to sterilize oral cavity with antibacterial agent before surgery for preventing infection. The object of this study was to compare the effect on reduction of salivary bacterial counts according to applied time when povidone-iodine (PVI) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), most broadly used materials in dentistry, were applied intraorally before the surgery. METHODS: Sixty subjects were divided into 6 groups. PVI and CHX were applied in each group for 1, 2 and 3 minutes, respectively. Then salivary microbacteria taken before and after applying the materials were cultured using 5% sheep blood agar plate. RESULTS: There was significant difference in reduction of microbacteria in both PVI and CHX and the effect did not show differences depending on time. When applied for a minute, PVI showed somewhat higher reduction rate than CHX, but in the other groups, there was no difference in reduction rate. CONCLUSION: We found that there was no significant difference in sterilization ability of PVI and CHX in all groups in this study. Therefore, both agents would get sufficient effect when applied for a minute.
Agar ; Bacterial Load ; Chlorhexidine ; Dentistry ; Mouth ; Povidone-Iodine ; Sheep ; Sterilization