We evaluated the efficacy of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) versus thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) prior to radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) in thyroid cancer. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS was performed. Randomized controlled trials that compared ablation success between rhTSH and THW at 6 to 12 months following RRA were included in this study. Six trials with a total of 1,660 patients were included. When ablation success was defined as a thyroglobulin (Tg) cutoff of 1 ng/mL (risk ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.03) or a Tg cutoff of 1 ng/mL plus imaging modality (RR 0.97; 0.90-1.05), the results of rhTSH and THW were similar. There were no significant differences when ablation success was defined as a Tg cutoff of 2 ng/mL (RR 1.03; 0.95-1.11) or a Tg cutoff of 2 ng/mL plus imaging modality (RR 1.02; 0.95-1.09). When a negative 131I-whole body scan was used solely as the definition of ablation success, the effects of rhTSH and THW were not significantly different (RR 0.97; 0.93-1.02). Therefore, ablation success rates are comparable when RRA is prepared by either rhTSH or THW.
Catheter Ablation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/*therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/therapeutic use ; Risk ; Thyroglobulin/analysis/metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*drug therapy/ultrasonography ; Thyrotropin/genetics/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Whole Body Imaging

Whole body iodine-131 scan is a well-established imaging method for the detection of metastatic or residual tumor sites in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Many false-positive iodine-131 scan findings mimicking metastatic thyroid cancer have long been reported. The authors describe a false positive uptake in normal gallbladder on post-ablative iodine-131 scan in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer. This finding should be considered to be another possible false-positive finding on iodine-131 whole body scan.
Carcinoma, Papillary/*pathology ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Gallbladder/*metabolism/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*pathology ; Whole-Body Counting

This study sought to probe the feasibility of instituting a radioiodide treatment for androgen-independent prostate cancer by adenovirus transfer of the hNIS gene. A recombinant adenovirus, Ad-CMV-NIS, that expressed the NIS gene under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter was constructed. In vitro, after infection with Ad-CMV-NIS,PC-3 prostate cancer cells exhibited an uptake of perchlorate-sensitive iodide, approximately 120 times higher than that exhibited by negative control Ad-CMV-GFP-infected cells. The half-time of efflux was 26.6 min. Clonogenic assays demonstrated that Ad-CMV-NIS-infected cancer cells were selectively killed by exposure to 131I. In vivo, Ad-CMV-NIS infected tumors showed significant radioiodine accumulation (16.30 +/- 8.72)% ID/g at 2h postinjection) with an effective half-life of 5.4h. The tumor could be clearly visualized by 131I scintigraphy. These data indicate that infection with Ad-CMV-NIS is an efficient way to induce radioiodide uptake in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting that NIS-based gene therapy has the potential for use in androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; radiotherapy ; Symporters ; genetics ; Transfection ; methods

Radioiodine therapy of carcinoma could be mediated by transferring the genes which participate in the process of iodine metabolism in thyroid. The correlative genes are sodium/iodine symporter gene, thyroid peroxidase gene and the specific thyroid transcription factors, and others. The objective gene can specifically express in carcinoma by inserting the tissue-specific promoter/enhancer upstream of them, so radioiodine could be used to treat varied carcinomas. The radioiodine uptake in carcinoma cells was obviously increased and the radioiodine therapy of carcinoma was effective after those genes had expressed in carcinoma cells. The main problem was that the effective half-time of radioiodine in cells was too short to produce the ideal effect of radioiodine therapy. Moreover, 211At and 188Re could be transferred by sodium/iodine symporter and they could be used to treat the carcinoma that is capable of radioiodine uptake.
Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; radiotherapy ; Symporters ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVELung cancer harms people's health or even lives severely. Especially, the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been obviously improved for many years. The aim of this study is to transfer the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) and the human thyroperoxidase (hTPO) genes into H460 lung cancer cell line, and to study the uptake ability of iodide after co-transfected hTPO and hNIS gene in cell lines.

METHODSThrough cloning, recombination, packaging and amplifying, the recombinant adenosine virus (AdTPO) was constructed. Then the protein expression of AdTPO was tested by Western blot. After transfected hNIS gene into human lung cancer cell line H460 through liposome, stably expressing hNIS gene cell lines (hNIS-H460) selected by G418 antibiotics was determined as hNIS-H460 group. Using AdTPO, hTPO gene was transducted into hNIS-H460, as AdTPO-hNIS-H460 group. H460 cell without hNIS gene was applied as control group (H460). Then, we investigated the 125I uptake assay of the above cells.

RESULTSWe were successful in co-transfecting hNIS and hTPO gene into human lung cell lines H460, and were obtained hNIS and hTPO gene lung cancer cell lines (hNIS-H460 and AdTPO-hNIS-H460). In AdTPO-hNIS-H460, hNIS-H460 and H460, the uptake ability of 125I was (59 637.67 +/- 1 281.13), (48 622.17 +/- 2 242.28) and (1 440.17 +/- 372.86) counts x min(-1). The uptake ability of 125I was 41 fold higher in AdTPO-hNIS-H460 than in blank control H460 (P < 0.01), and 34 fold higher in hNIS-460 than in blank control H460 (P < 0.01), and 1.2 fold higher in AdTPO-hNIS-H460 than in hNIS-H460 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe uptake ability of 125I could increase by co-transfected hNIS and hTPO genes into human lung cancer cell lines H460.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Iodide Peroxidase ; genetics ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Symporters ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of tranfecting hNIS and hTPO genes into gliomas cells by recombinant adenovirus for radioactive iodide treatment.

METHODSTo tranfect hNIS gene into human glioma cell line U251 by recombinant adenovirus. The biological functions of the cells stably expressing hNIS and hTPO genes were assessed by (125)I uptake assay, (125)I influx-course and (125)I-efflux-course. A glioma model was established with inoculation of the U251 cells in nude mice, and the inhibiting effect of (131)I on the tumor growth was tested in the mouse models.

RESULTSThe hNIS and hTPO genes were successfully transfected into human gliomas cell line U251 cells by recombinant adenovirus. The radioactive iodide could be intaken by the tumor cells mediated by hNIS gene. The uptake of (125)I was higher in cell lines hNIS-U251 and hNIS-hTPO-U251 cells than in cell line U251 cells. The tumor volume of the mice after (131)I treatment was significantly decreased in comparison with that before treatment.

CONCLUSIONRadioactive (131)I treatment after HNIS-based gene transfer can be enhanced and effectively inhibit the tumor growth in nude mice.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Glioma ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Iodides ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Mice, Nude ; Symporters ; genetics ; Transfection

PURPOSE: The radioiodine ablation therapy is required for patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy. Through a comparative review of a low iodine diet (LID) and a restricted iodine diet (RID), the study aims to suggest guidelines that are suitable for the conditions of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 101 patients. With 24-hour urine samples from the patients after a 2-week restricted diet and after a 4-week restricted diet, the amount of iodine in the urine was estimated. The consumed radioiodine amounts for 2 hours and 24 hours were calculated. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 47 LID patients and 54 RID patients. The amounts of iodine in urine, the 2-week case and 4-week case for each group showed no significant differences. The amounts of iodine in urine between the two groups were both included in the range of the criteria for radioiodine ablation therapy. Also, 2 hours and 24 hours radioiodine consumption measured after 4-week restrictive diet did not show statistical differences between two groups. CONCLUSION: A 2-week RID can be considered as a type of radioiodine ablation therapy after patients undergo a total thyroidectomy.
Ablation Techniques ; Adult ; Carcinoma/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides/urine ; Iodine/administration & dosage/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness of (131)I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the proliferation of a heterologous graft in nude mice bearing human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma.

METHODSEGF/HAS was labeled with (131)I by chloramines-T method. Human breast cancer xenografts with positive EGFR expression were established in nude mice. The nude mice were injected with normal saline, Epirubicin Hydrochloride, (131)I-EGF, (131)I-HAS, (131)I intravenously and (131)I-EGF intratumoral administration respectively. The tumor growth inhibition rate was determined by measurement of tumor volume. Different examinations were carried out.

RESULTSThere was remarkable significant difference of tumor volumes at 26th day among (131)I-EGF trial groups, (131)I, (131)I-HAS, and the negative control group. The tumor growth inhibition rate of (131)I-EGF trial groups was 82.0%, 80.7% respectively. Compared with the negative control group, the (131)I-EGF trial groups remarkably suppressed the growth of tumor (P < 0.05). Irreversible destruction of tissues in (131)I-EGF groups was observed under light and electron microscope. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity and myelotoxicity in nude mice bearing human breast cancer given (131)I-EGF over a 4-wk observation period.

CONCLUSION(131)I-EGF has obvious antitumor effects on a heterologous graft in nude mice bearing human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma, with little obvious side effects.

Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Injections, Intralesional ; Injections, Intravenous ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; radiotherapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

The radiobiological effect of 131I radiolabeled recombinant human epidermal growth factor (131I-rhEGF) on nude mice with human breast cancer was assessed in this study. The tissue mainly uptaking 131I-rhEGF was found by tissue distribution assay in mice. The radiation breakdown of the tissue greatly collecting 131I-rhEGF was examined by biochemical test and biopsy in nude mice with human breast cancer. The tissue distribution assay of 131I-rhEGF in mice showed that 131I-rhEGF greatly accumulated in kidney, liver, spleen and blood. The biochemical test and biopsy revealed that 131I -rhEGF injected twice (dosing once is analogous to 14.58 GBq in a person with 50 kg, once every 14 days) had an effective killing effect on tumor but had no effect of radiation breakdown on kidney, liver,spleen and blood-cell forming tissue in mice with human breast cancer. Therefore, 131I-rhEGF is a drug unharmful to normal tissues in the course of the receptor-mediated target radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Monitoring ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; urine ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Young Adult