PURPOSE: The radioiodine ablation therapy is required for patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy. Through a comparative review of a low iodine diet (LID) and a restricted iodine diet (RID), the study aims to suggest guidelines that are suitable for the conditions of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 101 patients. With 24-hour urine samples from the patients after a 2-week restricted diet and after a 4-week restricted diet, the amount of iodine in the urine was estimated. The consumed radioiodine amounts for 2 hours and 24 hours were calculated. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 47 LID patients and 54 RID patients. The amounts of iodine in urine, the 2-week case and 4-week case for each group showed no significant differences. The amounts of iodine in urine between the two groups were both included in the range of the criteria for radioiodine ablation therapy. Also, 2 hours and 24 hours radioiodine consumption measured after 4-week restrictive diet did not show statistical differences between two groups. CONCLUSION: A 2-week RID can be considered as a type of radioiodine ablation therapy after patients undergo a total thyroidectomy.
Ablation Techniques ; Adult ; Carcinoma/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides/urine ; Iodine/administration & dosage/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antithyroid Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Graves Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Iodides ; urine ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propylthiouracil ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood

OBJECTIVETo assess the iodine status of pregnant women, lactating women and babies and to understand if iodized salt as the main iodine source had met the need of people's demand in regions where iodized salt coverage rate had been over 90%, for the last five years.

METHODSPregnant and lactating women, newborns and babies were selected randomly in region where iodized salt coverage rate had been more than 90%, for the five years. Urine iodine levels of pregnant and lactating women, newborns and babies, milk iodine of lactating women and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of newborns were measured.

RESULTSThe median urinary iodine (MUI) of people other than those recently pregnant women, had reached the MUI criterion recommended by WHO with the results as 174.18, 180.37, 147.42, 126.27, 145.26 microg/L, respectively. The percentage of TSH>5 pIU/ml of newborns was 14.5%. The median milk iodine of lactating women were in the range of 100-200 microg/L. The percentage of milk iodine < 150 microg/L of early lactating women was less than that of late lactating women (P < 0.01). There was a good correlation between urine iodine of babies and milk iodine of lactating women. The abnormal TSH of women was 15.4%. The abnormal TSH mainly existed in women whose urinary iodine level were lower than 150 microg/L.

CONCLUSIONIodized salt as the main iodine source could basically meet the need of pregnant women, lactating women and babies whose diet structure was simple in the region. However, some people in the area were still under the status of iodine deficiency suggesting that surveillance should be enhanced in people who need more iodine and efficient measures, should be taken.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Goiter ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Iodides ; analysis ; urine ; Iodine ; administration & dosage ; Milk, Human ; chemistry ; Nutritional Status ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimesters ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Thyrotropin ; analysis

Objective: To investigate the effects of high iodine intake on thyroid function in pregnant and lactating women. Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 130 pregnant women and 220 lactating women aged 19-40 years in areas with high environment iodine level (>300 μg/L) or proper environment iodine level (50-100 μg/L) in Shanxi in 2014. The general information, urine samples and blood samples of the women surveyed and water samples were collected. The water and urine iodine levels were detected with arsenic and cerium catalysis spectrophotometric method, the blood TSH level was detected with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and thyroid stimulating hormone (FT(4)), antithyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) were detected with chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The median urine iodine levels of the four groups were 221.9, 282.5, 814.1 and 818.6 μg/L, respectively. The median serum FT(4) of lactating women in high iodine area and proper iodine area were 12.96 and 13.22 pmol/L, and the median serum TSH was 2.45 and 2.17 mIU/L, respectively. The median serum FT(4) of pregnant women in high iodine area and proper iodine area were 14.66 and 16.16 pmol/L, and the median serum TSH was 2.13 and 1.82 mIU/L, respectively. The serum FT(4) levels were lower and the abnormal rates of serum TSH were higher in lactating women than in pregnant women in both high iodine area and proper iodine area, the difference was statistically significant (FT(4): Z=-6.677, -4.041, P<0.01; TSH: Z=8.797, 8.910, P<0.01). In high iodine area, the abnormal rate of serum FT(4) in lactating women was higher than that in pregnant women, the difference was statistically significant (Z=7.338, P=0.007). The serum FT(4) level of lactating women in high iodine area was lower than that in proper iodine area, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-4.687, P=0.000). In high iodine area, the median serum FT(4) in early pregnancy, mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy was 16.26, 14.22 and 14.80 pmol/L, respectively, and the median serum TSH was 1.74, 1.91 and 2.38 mIU/L, respectively. In high iodine area, the serum FT(4) level in early pregnancy was higher than that in mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy, and the serum TSH level was lower than that in mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy, the difference was statistically significant (FT(4): Z=-2.174, -2.238, P<0.05; TSH: Z=-2.985, -1.978, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of serum thyroid autoantibodies among the four groups of women and women in different periods of pregnancy (P>0.05). The morbidity rates of subclinical hyperthyroidism in pregnant women and lactating women in high iodine area were obviously higher than those in proper iodine areas, the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=5.363, 5.007, P<0.05). Conclusions: Excessive iodine intake might increase the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women and lactating women. It is suggested to strengthen the iodine nutrition and thyroid function monitoring in women, pregnant women and lactating women in areas with high environmental iodine.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/epidemiology* ; Iodides/administration & dosage* ; Iodine/urine* ; Lactation ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland/physiology* ; Young Adult