No abstract available.
Hantaan virus* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

Most of the current licenced hepatitis B vaccines are being produced by recombinant DNA technology in large fermentation cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of yeast cells which carry the gene coded for hepatitis B virus surface antigen. These vaccines are proved very effective clinically and the immunogenicity of vaccines could be maintained for a long time under refrigeration. To develope the stabilizer that could increase the stability of hepatitis B virus vaccine which could be stored for a long period at room temperature or higher conditions, glucose, lactose and sucrose solutions in phosphate buffered saline were added into hepatitis B vaccine respectively to make 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% final concentration in vaccines. These sugar-vaccine mixtures were stored at room temperature for one month, two months and three months respectively and then inoculated into ICR mice intramuscularly. On the fourteenth day after inoculation, mice were bled and sera were tested for the evaluation of efficacies of vaccines. The results showed that 5% glucose, 7.5% lactose and sucrose increased the stability of vaccines in some degree and this method could be applied for the production of other viral vaccines and bacterial vaccines.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Carbohydrates* ; DNA, Recombinant ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Lactose ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Refrigeration ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sucrose ; Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines ; Yeasts

No Abstract Available.

No Abstract Available.

Serum samples from 123 males and 123 females collected by age in 1996 were analyzed for antibodies against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus and C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. Sera from the children under the age of 10 showed 30% seropositivity to the surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus, 33.3% in 10~19 year group, 20% in 20~29 year group, 17.6% in 30~39 year group, 3.3% in 40~49 year group, 5.9% in 50~59 year group, 8,3% in 60~69 year group, 2.9% in 70~79 year group, but antibody could not found in 80~86 year group. 12 out of 123 male sera were positive, 19 out of 123 female sera were positive and overall rate of positivity of antibody against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus was 12.6%. Serum samples from peoples under the age of 30 had not antibody against C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. The positivity rate was 2.9% in 30~39 year group. 5 out of 30 sera from 40~49 year age group were positive, and 3 positive sera showed extremely high titer (1:524,288) but the titers of two remaining sera were 1:32, 1:8,192 respectively. 5.9% was positive in 50~59 year group, 8.3% in 60~69 year group, 11.8% in 70~79 year group but all negative in 80~86 yea. group. 6 out of 123 male sera were positive (4.9%), 9 out of 123 female sera were positive (7.3%). Overall .ate of positivity of antibody against C22-3, C200 antigen of Hepatitis C virus was 6.1%. None out of 246 sera had both antibodies against Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus.
Antibodies* ; Antigens, Surface ; Child ; Female ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Male

No Abstract Available.
Pneumonia*

Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts from Galla rhois were examined for antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolated from the patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Only methanol extract showed anticandidal activity and the methanol extract was fractionated through silica gel column. Each fraction had not antifugal activity but mixture of three fractions showed antifungal activity. The results showed that the methanol extract from Galla rhois had antifungal activity against Candida albicans and could be a candidate for new antifungal agent. BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women of childbearing age, majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. METHOD: In this study, the extracts from Galla rhois were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. Galla fhois was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water respectively and serially. Silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to separate the fractions with antifungal activity. RESULTS: Only methanol extract showed the antifungal activity aginst C. albicans. CONCLUSION: Methanol extract from Galla rhois could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Korea ; Methanol ; Methylene Chloride ; Mucous Membrane ; Plants, Medicinal ; Recurrence ; Silica Gel ; Skin ; Water

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women in childbearing age, Majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. METHOD: In this study, the extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULT: Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. One fraction from Illicium verum with antifungal activity was founf out as 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene. CONCLUSION: Dichloromethane extract and 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene with antifungal activity from Illicium verum could be the candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Benzene ; Candida ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Female ; Foeniculum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Illicium ; Methylene Chloride ; Mucous Membrane ; Oils, Volatile ; Plants, Medicinal ; Recurrence ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Candida ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Citrus sinensis ; Eucalyptus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mucous Membrane ; Plants, Medicinal ; Skin ; Wood

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Candida ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis ; Citrus sinensis ; Eucalyptus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mucous Membrane ; Plants, Medicinal ; Skin ; Wood