Flow Cytometry ; instrumentation ; Indicators and Reagents ; Investigational New Drug Application

Application of fresh herbs is a kind of special forms of traditional Chinese medicine. In China, there is a long and rich experience in clinical application of fresh herbs. Many studies showed that the efficacy of fresh herbs was better than that of dried herbs, but the further study about the difference of their chemical composition, effective components and the overall material basis were few. In this paper, the ideas and methods to study on material basis of the fresh herbs by comparing the difference of the fresh and dry herbs in medicine chemical composition and pharmacological activity of effective components with modern advanced separation, analysis and screening technology under the "Constituent structure theory" were proposed. It was an effectual method for studying on the reasonable development of Chinese medicine and fresh herbs resources.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Investigational New Drug Application ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; Research ; trends

Only 5th decade ago, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was only recognized as disease group of presenting features like peripheral lymphocytosis, organomegaly including of splenomegaly. As understanding of disease biology and molecular diagnostic tools are getting improved gradually, characterization of variation in CLL's clinical courses was facilitated, resulting in better risk stratification and targeted treatments. Consequently multiple new targeted agents have been used in treatment of CLL, it makes improved clinical outcome. Rituximab containing chemoimmunotherapy (combination of rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide) have shown better overall response rate and progression-free survival on fit patients' group in front-line setting, result in standard first-line therapeutic option for CLL. Furthermore, after introducing that the B-cell receptor is crucial for the evolution and progression of CLL, emerging treatments targeting highly activated surface antigens and oncogenic signaling pathways have been associated with several successes in recent decades. These include new anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody (obinutuzumab), the bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ibrutinib), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (idelalisib), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 inhibitor (ABT-199 and ABT-263). So, we discuss not only general pathophysiology of CLL, but also rapidly advancing treatment strategies that are being studied or approved for treatment of CLL.
Antigens, Surface ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biology ; Cohort Studies* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Incidence ; Investigational New Drug Application ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell* ; Lymphocytosis ; Pathology, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Splenomegaly