PURPOSE: This study was performed to test the clinical usefulness of the glucose test strip method for early detection of pulmonary aspiration in tube fed patients. METHOD: The subjects for the study were 36 patients who were receiving enteral feedings and 39 patients who were not given enteral feedings. For the analysis, the tube fed patients were divided into two groups (clinically significant aspiration and no aspiration) according to criteria. RESULT: The mean glucose concentration of tracheal secretions from non enteral fed patients was 26.35mg/dl and were lower than those concentrations found in tube fed patients (32.75mg/dl). The mean glucose concentration of the aspiration group was 45.60mg/dl and the glucose concentration of the non aspiration group was 19.93mg/dl. The difference was statistically significant (t=2.163, p=. 038). More subjects in the no aspiration group (73%) than the aspiration group (56%) had glucose concentrations below 20mg/dl. After deleting the cases that had samples containing blood, glucose concentrations of tracheal aspirates were lower in both groups. CONCLUSION: The glucose level of the aspiration group was significantly lower than the no aspiration group and more subjects in the aspiration group had a glucose level higher than 101mg/dl. Therefore, the glucose test of tracheal secretions in tube fed patients could be a desirable test for screening for tracheal aspiration. Especially the patient who is showing repeatedly high glucose levels should not be given feedings until reassessment is completed.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Enteral Nutrition/*adverse effects ; Female ; Glucose/*analysis ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/*adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Aspiration/*diagnosis ; *Reagent Strips ; Trachea/*secretion

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a method widely used for long-term enteral nutrition in dysphagia. Mostly, it is preceded by nasogastric intubation (NI) for short-term enteral nutrition; endoscopic findings associated with NI are encountered during PEG. The purpose of this study was to discuss such findings and to delineate a relationship between these findings, especially esophageal lesions and the duration of NI. METHODS: This study involved 185 individuals who had undergone PEG at Kyung Hee Medical Center from January 1999 to May 2002. The medical records were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: The dysfunction of the CNS comprised 98.4% of the causes of dysphagia. The duration of NI was 15.2 weeks on average, with median value of 8.7 weeks, indicating that PEG was performed relatively soon. Endoscopic findings revealed esophagitis in 63 cases, esophageal ulcers in 27 and active bleedings in another 10. The incidence of esophageal lesions was shown to be higher in subjects with duration of NI under 12 weeks than in those with duration over 12 weeks (p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: PEG was carried out in many cases during the early stages of dysphagia, and NI-associated esophageal lesions appeared to be more prevalent within 12 weeks of NI duration. These results may be of help in deciding the timing of PEG.
Adult ; Aged ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy ; *Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enteral Nutrition ; Esophageal Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology ; Esophagus/*pathology ; Female ; *Gastrostomy ; Humans ; *Intubation, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged

Oesophageal rupture is a life-threatening complication of balloon tamponade for bleeding oesophageal varices. We herein describe the clinical course and imaging findings in a 33-year-old Indian man who had a Sengstaken-Blakemore (SB) tube inserted for uncontrolled haematemesis, which was unfortunately complicated by malposition of the gastric balloon with resultant oesophageal rupture. The inflated SB tube gastric balloon was visualised within the right hemithorax on chest radiography after the SB tube insertion. Further evaluation of the thorax on computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of oesophageal rupture associated with right-sided haemopneumothorax. It is crucial for both the referring clinician and reporting radiologist to recognise early the imaging features of an incorrectly positioned SB tube gastric balloon, so as to ensure prompt intervention and a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality.
Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus ; injuries ; Gastric Balloon ; adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Rupture ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of placement of nasojejunal feeding tube and nasojejunal nutrition feeding in children with acute pancreatitis.

METHODTwenty-two patients (of whom 13 had severe acute pancreatitis and 9 acute mild pancreatitis) who needed nutritional intervention were selected. They were from Department of Gastroenterology and Surgery during the years 2009 - 2012, and they were at high nutritional risk after STONGkid nutrition risk screening. The average age of them was 5 - 15 years (9.1 years ± 2.8 years). Assisted by endoscopy, the nasojejunal feeding tube was placed in 22 of 24 patients (in 2 cases of recurrent pancreatitis the tubes were placed again after extubation). Besides the use of regular fasting, antacids, inhibitors of trypsin secretion, and anti-infective treatment, 23 cases of all children got nasojejunal nutrition treatment as well. The outcome measures included the success rate, complications of endoscope-assisted nasojejunal tube placement. The children's tolerance and nutrition indicators (weight, blood lymphocytes count, erythrocytes count, serum albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) were observed before and after enteral nutrition therapy.

RESULTMalnutrition evaluation was done 24 times before treatment among 22 patients, incidence of malnutrition was 33% in 22 cases. Placement of nasojejunal tube placement was attempted for a total of 24 times and was successful on first placement in 22 cases, in two cases the placement was successful on the second placement, so the success rate of the first attempt for placement was 92%. No significant complications were observed in any of the cases. Twenty-three of 24 cases were given standardized enteral nutrition (one case was not given enteral nutrition therapy but underwent ERCP due to obstructive jaundice). Twenty-two of 23 cases could tolerate enteral nutrition well, only 1 case was unable to tolerate enteral nutrition due to the pancreas schizophrenia, paralytic ileus. The treatment of jejunal feeding success rate was 96%. The feeding duration was 2 - 74 d (27.0 d ± 18.3 d). The adverse reactions include plugging of the tube in two cases, constipation in two cases, five cases had abdominal pain, diarrhea in 2 cases, vomiting in 2 cases and 1 case of jejunum retention. No case had nasopharynx ulcers, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, re-feeding syndrome and infection etc. Blood erythrocytes count, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were not significantly changed. Twenty of 23 cases were cured, 2 cases were improved and 1 case was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONEndoscope-assisted nasojejunal tube placement for children with acute pancreatitis is safe and feasible. Nasojejunal nutrition therapy is effective for acute pancreatitis patients who are at severe nutritional risk, especially for the improvement of the nutritional status of children.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enteral Nutrition ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Jejunum ; Male ; Malnutrition ; etiology ; therapy ; Pancreatitis ; therapy ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Vomiting ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of nasogastric decompression tube after gastric cancer operation on the postoperative recovery.

METHODSA total of 174 patients with gastric cancer were prospectively enrolled from December 2009 to March 2011 and randomly divided into non-nasogastric tube control group(n=88) and nasogastric tube group(n=86). Postoperative symptoms, complications, recovery time, and quality of life during hospital stay were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe incidences of nausea(14.8% vs. 47.7%, P<0.01), sore throat(6.8% vs. 38.4%, P<0.01), bucking and foreign body sensation(3.4% vs. 20.9%, P<0.01), expectoration obstruction(36.4% vs. 55.8%, P<0.05) were significantly lower in nasogastric tube group than those in the control group. The intervals to ambulation and flatus were(1.46±0.58) d and(3.11±0.77) d in the non-nasogastric tube group, significantly shorter those in nasogastric tube group[(1.68±0.61) d and(3.75±1.03) d]. There was no anastomotic leak or bowel obstruction. The difference in bleeding was not statistically significant[3.4%(3/88) vs. 5.8%(5/86), P>0.05] between the two groups. The quality of life differed between the two groups(mean score, 3.36 vs. 2.78, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEarly removal of nasogastric decompression tube is safe and reasonable and can improve the quality of life during hospital stay.

Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Deglutition Disorders ; therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electrocardiography ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Stress, Physiological

INTRODUCTIONThe exposed section of a traditional nasogastric (NG) tube can interfere with patients' social activities and thereby result in distress. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel two-piece NG tube for patients with dysphagia.

METHODSTen patients with dysphagia were recruited between November 2011 and May 2012. Patients who were unconscious or in critical condition, had a traditional NG tube < 50 cm or > 60 cm in fixed length, or were unable to follow instructions or sign consent forms were excluded. The two-piece NG tube, which was placed in the patients for one week, comprised a removable external tube that can be joined to an internal tube via a T-connector, which was placed close to the naris. Events related to safety (e.g. nasal pressure sores, number of unplanned extubation, displacement and spontaneous migration of the NG tube, other unpredictable injuries) and effectiveness (e.g. liquid food spills, tube obstruction, perfusion rate, other adverse circumstances) were assessed daily.

RESULTSAll patients received feeding without complication using the two-piece NG tube and none experienced premature removal of the tube. No serious NG tube complications or malfunctions were observed.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that the two-piece NG feeding tube is a feasible option for patients with dysphagia. Future improvements to the connector may help enhance its performance. A rigorous randomised controlled trial to examine the effects of the two-piece NG tube on patients' quality of life and quality of medical care is being planned.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Deglutition Disorders ; therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of oropharyngeal sensory stimulation on a functional oral intake scale, oro-pharyngeal swallowing functions, and aspiration pneumonia symptoms with nasogastric tube insertion in stroke patients. METHOD: This study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of the study were 32 patients who were hospitalized in Kosin Gaspel hospital. The experimental subjects were stimulated for 10~20 minutes, 1 time per day. The intervention was implemented for 2 weeks. RESULT: Participants in the experimental group significantly received a higher score in oro-pharyngeal swallowing function than those in the control group. However the participants in the experimental group only got a high score in the function oralintake scale which doesn't imply a statistical significance. In addition, they didn't geta remarkably higher score in aspiration pneumonia symptoms than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that oropharyngeal sensory stimulation is effective in promoting recovery oro-pharyngeal swallowing function of nasogastric tube insertions in stroke patients.
Aged ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal/*adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oropharynx ; Physical Stimulation ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke/complications/*therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the prevalence and time-course of t-fastener migration after gastropexy deployment. METHODS: We reviewed our procedural database for all percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tube insertions performed over a 14-month period using a widely accepted t-fastener kit for gastropexy (Kimberly-Clark). Of 201 patients, 71 (41 males, 30 females; mean age, 56 years) underwent subsequent abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging. The location and associated findings of each t-fastener were retrospectively recorded for each CT scan performed after the tube insertion. RESULTS: A total of 153 t-fasteners were deployed during 71 procedures with subsequent CT follow-up. In the short term (within 4 weeks after deployment), 5.1% of the t-fasteners had detached and were no longer present; 59.5% were intraluminal or within the gastric wall; and 35.5% were within the anterior abdominal wall musculature or subcutaneous. In the long term (>3 months), 48.6% of the t-fasteners had detached and were no longer present, 25.0% were intraluminal or within the gastric wall, and 26.4% were within the anterior abdominal wall musculature or subcutaneous. No t-fastener-related complications, such as abscesses, fluid collections, or fistulae, were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Following gastropexy for percutaneous transgastric feeding tube placement, t-fastener migration into the abdominal wall frequently occurred soon after the tube insertion. Therefore, recent t-fastener deployment does not guarantee an intact gastropexy.
Abdominal Wall/surgery ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Foreign-Body Migration/complications/*epidemiology ; Gastropexy/adverse effects/*instrumentation ; Humans ; *Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Surgical Fixation Devices/adverse effects ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for gastrointestinal disorders.

METHODSRetrospective analysis of the clinical data of 406 patients who underwent FMT from May 2014 to April 2016 in the Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Centre of Nanjing General Hospital was performed, including patients with constipation(276 cases), recurrent Clostridium Difficile infection (RCDI, 61 cases), ulcerative colitis(44 cases), irritable bowel syndrome (15 cases) and Crohn's disease(10 cases). Donors were completely unrelated, 18- to 50-year-old non-pregnant healthy adult, with healthy lifestyle and habits, without taking antibiotics, probiotics and other probiotics history within 3 months. There were three routes of FMT administration: patients received 6 days of frozen FMT by nasointestinal tube placed in the proximal jejunum under gastroscope (319 cases); patients received capsules FMT per day for 6 consecutive days (46 cases) or once 600 ml of treated fecal liquid infusion into colon and terminal ileum by colonoscopy(41 cases).

RESULTSClinical cure rate and improvement rate of different diseases receiving FMT were respectively as follows: RCDI was 85.2% (52/61) and 95.1%(58/61); constipation was 40.2%(111/276) and 67.4%(186/276); ulcerative colitis was 34.1%(15/44) and 68.2% (30/44); irritable bowel syndrome was 46.7% (7/15) and 73.3% (11/15) and Crohn disease was 30.0%(3/10) and 60.0%(6/10). RCDI had the best efficacy among these diseases(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the three routes of FMT administration(P=0.829). The clinical cure rate and improvement rate of different routes were 43.3%(138/319) and 58.6% (187/319) respectively in nasogastric transplantation group, 41.5%(17/41) and 61.0%(25/41) in colonoscopy group, 37.0%(17/46) and 63.0% (29/46) in the capsule transplantation group. There was no serious adverse event during the follow-up. The most common side effects were respiratory discomfort (27.3%, 87/319) and increased venting (51.7%, 165/319) in nasogastric transplantation group. Diarrhea was the most common complication in colonoscopy group (36.6%, 15/41). The main symptoms were increased venting (50.0%, 23/46) and nausea(34.8%, 16/46) in oral capsule group. Side effect symptoms disappeared after the withdraw of nasogastric tube, or at the end of treatment, or during hospitalization for 1-3 days.

CONCLUSIONSFMT is effective for many gastrointestinal disorders. No significant adverse event is found, while the associated mechanism should be further explored.

Adult ; Clostridium Infections ; drug therapy ; Clostridium difficile ; drug effects ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Colonoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Constipation ; drug therapy ; Crohn Disease ; drug therapy ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Flatulence ; chemically induced ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome