Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiologic process underlying neovascular eye diseases. As such, anti-VEGF-based pharmacologic agents have emerged as a highly effective treatment modality for various visually debilitating retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies. The introduction of these pharmacologic agents directly into the vitreous cavity by means of an injection through the pars plana has become a widely performed ophthalmic procedure both locally and overseas.
Intravitreal Injections

We conducted a study to compare the effects of Healon(R) and BioLon(R), which are sodium hyaluronates made by different raw materials, on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections. In the intracameral-injection group, aqueous humor was replaced with 0.2 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R), and in the intravitreal-injection group. 0.4 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R) was injected after the removal of the same amount of vitreous. Slitlamp and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination, measurement of IOP, and measurement of corneal thickness were performed preoperatively and at 2hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days postoperatively. Histopathologic examinaion was done at 7 days postoperatively. No group had significant differences in all tests(p>0.05) and the findings were normalized within 7 days. These results indicated that there were no significant differences between the Healon(R) and BioLon(R) groups in the effects on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections.
Aqueous Humor ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Sodium

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the retinal toxicity of different doses of moxifloxacin after intravitreal injection into rabbit eyes. METHODS: Eight male rabbits were divided into four groups; 2 rabbits each were injected intravitreally with moxifloxacin 48 ug, 240 ug, 480 ug, and normal saline solution. Ocular toxicity was assessed at day 3 and day 7 by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and histology. RESULTS: All eyes showed no abnormalities on histologic evaluation. No relevant complications were found during slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of 480 ug or less of moxifloxacin did not produce retinal toxicity histologically in rabbit eyes.
Animal ; MOXIFLOXACIN ; ENDOPHTHALMITIS ; INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of intravitreal melatonin on retina in rabbit. METHODS: In four pigmented rabbit, melatonin was intravitreally injected 100 mu g/0.1 ml, 300 mu g/0.1 ml concentration in left eye, DMSO was injected in right eye as control. we examined gross fundus finding and electroretinogram and then light and electronic microscopic findings at 24 hours and 1 week with both eye. RESULTS: intravitreally melatonin injected eye at 100 mu g/0.1 ml, 300 mu g/0.1 ml concentration and control eye at 1 day and 1 week, significant difference was not shown in gross fundus finding, electroretinogram, light and electronic microscopic finding. Additionally edema, toxic effect change was not found in retina. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreally injected melatonin has not influenced on retina grossly, histologically, physiologically at 100 mu g/0.1 ml and 300 mu g/0.1 ml concentration. Further study is required about toxic effect of melatonin over 300 mu g/0.1 ml concentration and clinical usefulness of melatonin in retina.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Edema ; Intravitreal Injections ; Melatonin* ; Retina*

Retinal toxicity secondary to intravitreal injection of gentamicin for the purpose of prophylaxis or treatment of endophthalmitis was reported infrequently and it was thought to be caused by an error in the intravitreal injection technique or by faulty dilution of gentamicin. After vitrecotomy, we experienced two cases of ischemic retinopathy secondary to intravitreal injection of gentamicin for prevention of endopthalmitist.
Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy*

To investigate the therapeutic effect of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of endophthalmitis, we used 18 rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus induce dendophthalmitis. The rabbits were assigned into three groups according to the treatment regimen; those who were not given any drug into group I, those who were given 100 microgram/ml ciprofloxacin intrvitreally into group II, and those who were given 2 mg/ml ciprofloxacin subconjunctivaly for 5 days into group III. We assessed clinical score, culture result of vitreous aspirate and pathologic finding of various ocular tissue. We found clinically significant decrease in clinical score in group II, but there were no significant differences in the vitreous culture and in the histologic findings among the study groups. In conclusion, we assume that intravitreal injection of ciprofloxacin may be the better treatment modality to treat endophthalmitis by S.aureus. In addition we still think there ought to be more studies as to the determination the dosage of ciprofloxacin and the use of steroid in combination.
Ciprofloxacin ; Endophthalmitis* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Rabbits ; Staphylococcus aureus

We evaluated the histologic change of retina after gas compression of the vitreous followed by intravitreal injection of silicone oil in albino rabbits. The retinal architecture was well preserved and no abnormal findings could be demonstrated by light microscopic and electron microscopic examinaions 8 weeks after surgery.
Intravitreal Injections ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils*

No abstract available.
Ceftazidime ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Vancomycin

No abstract available.
Bevacizumab ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Retinal Perforations

Authority estimated the concentration of fluorescein sodium in the blood, anterior chamber and vitreous after injection of 10% fluorescein sodium, 25mg/kg, according to the lapse of time. Also intravitreal fluorescein sodium concentration was measured after intravitreal injection of 0.1 % fluorescein sodium 10 micro liter according to the lapse of time. The results were as follows. 1. In the normal rabbits, the concentration of fluorescein sodium in the anterior chamber and vitreous were 159.3 +/- 101.7 X 10(-9) gm/ml and 3.6 +/- 4.7 X 10(-9) gm/ml, respectively after 1 hour of fluorescein sodium intravenous injection. The Cv/Ca was 0.02 +/- 0.028(Cv: concentration of fluorescein in the vitreous) (Ca: concentration of fluorescein in the ant. chamber). 2. After injection of sodium fluorescein in the normal rabbit, the concentration of fluorescein in the blood showed rapid decrease in logarithmic manner in the vitreous, the concentration peaked 1 hour and 2 hours after injection which persisted several hours. 3. The concentration of fluorescein sodium in the vitreous after intravitreal injection of fluorescein decreased at logarithmic rate which disappeared 24 hours after injection.
Anterior Chamber ; Ants ; Fluorescein* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intravitreal Injections ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Rabbits