Objectives: We described the demographic and clinical profiles of patients with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), determined the prevalence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and described the IOP outcomes after endovascular treatment. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective review of records of patients with clinical signs and radiologic evidence of CCF from January 2012 to December 2017. Outcome measures included the prevalence of increased IOP in those with CCF, mean and range of IOPs, average number of IOP-lowering medications needed, and percentage of eyes with normal, controlled, and uncontrolled IOP before and after endovascular intervention. Results: Ninety-six (96) eyes of 92 patients with radiologic evidence of CCF on 4-vessel cerebral angiography were included. Fifty-nine (59) percent were between the ages of 20 to 39 years. Majority (65%) were males. Direct CCFs accounted for 70% of cases. Increased IOP was the third most common ocular sign with a prevalence of 78%, ranging from 10 to 56 mmHg (mean 20.3 ± 8.0). The average number of antiglaucoma medications for IOP control was 2. Eleven (11) underwent definitive management for CCF. Post-treatment, 33% of 13 eyes had normal, 27% controlled, and 40% uncontrolled IOPs. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of increased IOP in patients with CCF. Those who did not achieve IOP control should be referred for endovascular intervention to prevent serious complications, including secondary glaucoma.
Intraocular Pressure

Purpose: To compare different commercial viscoelastics retained in the anterior chamber in terms of their tendency to cause intraocular pressure (IOP) rise Methods: Twenty-one rabbit eyes (3 per group) were injected with 0.1 mL of viscoelastic materials (VEM). Seven different brands of VEM were tested. IOP was measured for 6 days after injection Results: All eyes exhibited increase from baseline IOP. Peak IOP rise occurred at a median with 4 hours from injection. IOPs returned to normal in all eyes by Day 6. No significant differences in IOP patterns were detected in this small series Conclusion: This study suggests that all of the VEM tested have potential to cause IOP rise and that spontaneous return to normal levels was achieved for all groups after six days. (Author)
Animal ; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE ; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE/DRUG EFFECTS

Effects of implantation of fresh and stored vitreous were studied on albino rabbits. Auto-and bomo- implantations of fresh vitreous were performed in sixty eyes, and course was followed up to one month after implantation operation. Of these, thirteen eyes were discarded because of bleeding into vitreous cavities and contamination of vitreous by blood. In remaining forty-seven eyes, vitreous became clear after ten days. Intraocular pressure which had been low daring the first few days, normalized within this period of time. No complication was observed. Implantation of homologous vitreous which had been stored in frozen state for one to three months, resulted in clear vitreous in eight out of ten eyes operated. Bleeding and blood contamination occurred in two eyes. From the results, it can be concluded that vitreous implantation is relatively safe and effective procedure.
Hemorrhage ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits

A total of 0.3ml of 100% sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) was injected into vitreous cavity with a single shot or two 0.15ml shots, and the time dependent intraocular pressure changes were compared. Intraocular pressure was monitored at 5 minute intervals for 60 minutes after injection. Immediately after a single shot injection, remarkable intraocular pressure elevation(85mmHg, mean)was observed, which returned, however, to normal level within 15 minutes. Intraocular pressure elevation was milder when a smaller bolus of gas(0.15ml)was separately injected twice. No re-elevation of intraocular pressure was noted with either method after the initial return to normal.
Intraocular Pressure* ; Sulfur

PURPOSE: To know the factors associated with the posterior corneal surface elevation in myopic eye. METHODS: The posterior corneal surface elevation (PCSE), keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), peripheral corneal thickness (PCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) were measured in 64 right myopic eyes with the Orbscan topography system. The correlation between PCSE and age, refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), keratometry, CCT, TCT, PCT, PCT-CCT, PCT/CCT, PCT-TCT, and PCT/TCT was evaluated. RESULTS: The posterior corneal surface elevation has correlation with CCT (r:.0.3306, p:0.0071), TCT ( r :.0.4094, p:0.0007), PCT-CCT(r:0.3326, p:0.0068), PCT/CCT (r:0.3759, p:0.0020), PCT-TCT (r: 0.4750, p:0.0001), and PCT/TCT (r:0.5145, p:0.0001) but does not have correlation with age, keratometry, refractive error, IOP (r:.0.0627, p:0.6225), and PCT. CONCLUSIONS: In myopic eyes, the posterior corneal surface elevation correlates with central corneal thickness and specifically the ratio PCT to TCT.
Intraocular Pressure ; Refractive Errors

It is well documented that increased corneal thickness leads to artificially high estimations of intraocular pressure(IOP) measured with applanation tonometer. To evaluate the influence of central corneal thickness on IOPs measured with non-contact tonometer and Goldmann applanation tonometer and on the IOP discrepancies between two tonometer according to corneal thickness, the IOPs and central corneal thickness of 96 eyes of 48 persons who visited to have their high IOPs evaluated were measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer, non-contact tonometr(CT-50, Topcon, Japan), and corneal pachometer(Humphrey ultrasonic pachometer-850). IOPs measured with each tonometer showed statistically significant linear correlation(p<0.001), IOP rises as the corneal thickness increases(p<0.001), IOPs measured with non-contact tonometer were higher than those measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer(p<0.001), but there were no significant differences between the IOP discrepancies of each tonometer according to corneal thickness, and between the IOP and age in a consistant corneal thickness(p>0.1). In conclusion, the central corneal thickness must be considered in estimating IOP and the IOP differences measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer and non-contact tonometer were not statistifically significantly increased as the corneal thickness increased.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ultrasonics

The recently developed ProTon tonometer is a small hand-held instrument which has less chances of infectious ocular diseases transmission and corneal abrasion than other types of tonometer. We compared the intraocular pressures taken by the ProTon tonometer with those by the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 290 eyes of 145 patients. The results were as follows: 1. The difference of the intraocular pressures between the ProTon tonometer and the Goldmann tonometer is less than 3mmHg in 91.03% of the estimation, and less than ImmHg in 64.83%. 2. The average intraocular pressure measured by the ProTon tonometer is lower than that by the Goldmann applanation tonometer. In the higher intraocular pressure zone, the difference of intraocular pressures between the two is more increased. 3. The correlation between the intraocular pressures measured by the ProTon tonometer and those by the Goldmann tonometer is very high(correlation coefficient 0.98). According to the above results, we conclude that the ProTon tonometer can be used more accurately and conveniently for both patient and examiner than other classic instruments.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Protons*

The diurnal variation of intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured by a Goldmann applanation tonometer in 60 eyes of 30 nromal Korean volunteers, in order to find out the amount of diurnal variation of IOP and the time interval at which the hightst and the lowest IOP were checked. We also checked the diurnal variation of IOP once a week for three weeks to study whether it changes. 1) The mean diurnal variation of IOP was 3.82 +/- 1.83 mmHg, and the diurnal variations of three weeks were 3.87 +/- 1.79 mmHg, 3.78 +/- 1.90 mmHg and 3.78 +/- 1.80 mmHg, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation of diurnal variation was 0.10. 2) In the distribution of high and low points on the diurnal intraocular pressure curve in 60 normal eyes(% of total number of observation), at the optimum IOP 8:00 was the highest(43.9%) and 20:00 was lowest(5.0%); at the lowest IOP 20:00 was the hightest(21.2%) and 8:00 was the lowest(6.7%). There was no time change at which the highest pressure was checked in 55 eyes and at which the lowest pressure was checked in 56 eyes among the 60 eyes.
Intraocular Pressure* ; Volunteers

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of digital massage of gLobe on intraocular pressure in 36 eyes of 32 patients from 13 to 72 years of age divided into the groups of each decade. The author paid attention to whether digital massage made a contribution to the prevention of vitreous loss during intraocular operations. Prior to digital massage, intraocular pressure was measured initially and then digital massage was applied for five minutes. And intraocular pressure was again measured immediately after termination of ocular massage, thereafter at five minute intervals repeatedly until the reduced intraocular pressure by means of digital massage returned to initial level. The author studided correlations of changes of intraocular pressure in each age group and at each time interval. The final results were as follows: 1. The mean intraocular pressure reduction by digital massage was 5.20 mmHg corresponding to 32.3% reductial of the initial intraocular pressure. 2. The mean recovery time to the initial intraocular pressure from the reduced intraocular pressure by digital massage was 17.4 +/- 6.7 minutes. Approximately twenty five minutes after digital massage, the iatraocular pressure returned to the initial level in most cases. 3. In the age group under 20 years, recovery time to the initial intraocular pressure was more rapid and the mean intraocular pressure reduction was significantly lower than in the other age groups.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Massage*

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of digital massage of gLobe on intraocular pressure in 36 eyes of 32 patients from 13 to 72 years of age divided into the groups of each decade. The author paid attention to whether digital massage made a contribution to the prevention of vitreous loss during intraocular operations. Prior to digital massage, intraocular pressure was measured initially and then digital massage was applied for five minutes. And intraocular pressure was again measured immediately after termination of ocular massage, thereafter at five minute intervals repeatedly until the reduced intraocular pressure by means of digital massage returned to initial level. The author studided correlations of changes of intraocular pressure in each age group and at each time interval. The final results were as follows: 1. The mean intraocular pressure reduction by digital massage was 5.20 mmHg corresponding to 32.3% reductial of the initial intraocular pressure. 2. The mean recovery time to the initial intraocular pressure from the reduced intraocular pressure by digital massage was 17.4 +/- 6.7 minutes. Approximately twenty five minutes after digital massage, the iatraocular pressure returned to the initial level in most cases. 3. In the age group under 20 years, recovery time to the initial intraocular pressure was more rapid and the mean intraocular pressure reduction was significantly lower than in the other age groups.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Massage*