1.Research Advances in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertention.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2021;43(2):288-292
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension,also known as pseudotumor cerebri,is a syndrome characterized by raised intracranial pressure of unknown cause.These patients present normal neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis while increased intracranial pressure and associated symptoms and signs.Delay of treatment can cause severe visual impairment.There are some new understandings of this disease,and we will review the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Humans
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Intracranial Hypertension
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Neuroimaging
;
Pseudotumor Cerebri/therapy*
3.A Case of Partial Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Caused by Vascular Compression in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Seol Won LEE ; Seung Bae HWANG ; Byoung Soo SHIN ; Man Wook SEO ; Sun Young OH
Journal of the Korean Balance Society 2017;16(3):97-100
Pupil-involving oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) is frequently associated with compressive lesion such as intracranial aneurysm originating from the posterior communicating arteries. Vascular variant of posterior intracranial circulation is regarded as an uncommon cause and association between these vascular variants and intracranial hypertension has not been reported. We present an 18-year-old girl with pupil-involving ONP combined with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who revealed compression of oculomotor nerve by a vascular variant of superior cerebellar artery (SCA). This is a rare case of an ONP attributed to compressive effect from an aberrant SCA affected by intracranial hypertension.
Adolescent
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Arteries
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Female
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Humans
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Intracranial Aneurysm
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Intracranial Hypertension
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Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
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Oculomotor Nerve
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Pseudotumor Cerebri
4.Neuro-Behcet's Disease Presented with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report.
Yun Kyung LEE ; Mee Young PARK ; Seung Hyun LEE ; Sung Gyun JOO ; Yong Kook CHO
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 2004;21(1):96-100
Behcet's disease is a chronic, relapsing multisystem disorder, that may develop into variable neurological manifestations. They include vascular and parenchymal involvement. Vascular involvement is dominated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis marked by benign intracranial hypertension. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis can present with all the classical criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, including normal brain CT findings with normal CSF content. But brain MRI is a useful diagnostic method in this situation to confirm the presence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We experienced a case of raised intracranial pressure in a 21-year-old man, caused by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We disclosed his symptoms and signs thus fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for Behcet's disease.
Brain
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Humans
;
Intracranial Hypertension
;
Intracranial Pressure
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Neurologic Manifestations
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Pseudotumor Cerebri
;
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial*
;
Young Adult
5.Hypertensive Encephalopathy with Reversible Brainstem Edema.
Sungjoon LEE ; Byung Kyu CHO ; Hoon KIM
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013;54(2):139-141
Presented here is a 36-year-old male with arterial hypertension who developed brainstem edema and intracranial hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance scan revealed diffuse brainstem hyperintensity in T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images, with an increase in apparent diffusion coefficient values. After a reduction in blood pressure, rapid resolution of the brainstem edema was observed on follow-up. The patient's condition was thus interpreted as hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy. While many consider this a vasogenic phenomenon, induced by sudden, severe hypertension, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Prompt recognition and aggressive antihypertensive treatment in such patients are essential to prevent permanent or life-threatening neurologic injury.
Adult
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Blood Pressure
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Brain Stem
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Diffusion
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Edema
;
Follow-Up Studies
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Humans
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Hypertension
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Hypertensive Encephalopathy
;
Intracranial Hemorrhages
;
Magnetics
;
Magnets
;
Male
6.Quantitative Measurement of the Sella Turcica in Pseudotumor Cerebri.
Woon Hyung GHIM ; Sung Eun KYUNG
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2014;55(6):887-890
PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated the hypothesis that sella turcica enlarged in size due to increased intracranial hypertension by measuring the sella turcica area using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with increased intracranial hypertension and compared to normal controls. METHODS: Brain magnetic resonance (MR) midsagittal images of patients diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri from 2005 to 2012 at Dankook University Hospital and 10 normal controls who had no overt signs or symptoms of neurological disease and had normal gadolinium-enhanced MR examination of brain were compared. The area of the sella turcica was measured by the double-blind method using Dicomworks v 1.3.5b (Philippe Puech and Loic Boussel, Freeware, France). Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA) and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The sella turcica areas of 2 pseudotumor cerebri patients were 93 mm2 and 123 mm2 and were significantly larger than in the controls (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Empty sella which commonly occurs in pseudotumor cerebri can be caused by pituitary gland atrophy but, conversely, can result from the enlargement of the bony sella in response to an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid pressure gradient.
Atrophy
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Brain
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure
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Double-Blind Method
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Humans
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Intracranial Hypertension
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Pituitary Gland
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Pseudotumor Cerebri*
;
Sella Turcica*
7.A case of Hypertensive Encephalopathy after cesarean section.
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;49(1):188-193
Hypertensive encephalopathy is usually defined as malignant hypertension associated with central nervous system abnormalities such as headache, seizure, hypertension, altered consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, and retinopathy. The pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy is uncompletely understood, although it seems to be related to hypertensive cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, disruption of the blood-brain barrier with increased permeability, cerebral edema, and microhemorrhage formation. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a characteristic posterior leukoencephalopathy that predominantly affects the white matter of the parieto-occipital regions. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare manifestation of hypertensive emergency that requires proper diagnosis and management to avoid a irreversible brain damage. We report a patient who developed hypertensive encephalopathy after cesarean section without preeclampsia or chronic hypertension and a case presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Blood-Brain Barrier
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Brain
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Brain Edema
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Central Nervous System
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Cesarean Section*
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Consciousness
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Diagnosis
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Emergencies
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Female
;
Headache
;
Humans
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Hypertension
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Hypertension, Malignant
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Hypertensive Encephalopathy*
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Intracranial Pressure
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Leukoencephalopathies
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Permeability
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Pre-Eclampsia
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Pregnancy
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Seizures
8.Clinical and imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Zhiqin WANG ; Jinxia YANG ; Xinxin LIAO ; Nina XIE ; Mengchuan LUO ; Yun TIAN ; Lingyan YAO ; Yacen HU ; Fang YI ; Yafang ZHOU ; Lin ZHOU ; Hongwei XU ; Qiying SUN
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2021;46(11):1241-1250
OBJECTIVES:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome that excludes secondary causes such as intracranial space-occupying lesion, hydrocephalus, cerebrovascular disease, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. If not be treated promptly and effectively, IIH can cause severe, permanent vision disability and intractable, disabling headache. This study aims to explore the clinical and image features for IIH, to help clinicians to understand this disease, increase the diagnose rate, and improve the outcomes of patients.
METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed 15 cases of IIH that were admitted to Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, during January 2015 to September 2020. The diagnosis of IIH was based on the updated modified Dandy criteria. We analyzed clinical data of patients and did statistical analysis, including age, gender, height, weight, medical history, physical examination, auxiliary examination, treatment and outcome.
RESULTS:
There were 10 females and 5 males. Female patients were 22 to 42 years old with median age of 39.5. Male patients were 27 to 52 years old with the median age of 44.0. The BMI was 24.14-34.17 (28.71±2.97) kg/m
CONCLUSIONS
IIH primarily affects women of childbearing age who are overweight. The major hazard of IIH is the severe and permanent visual loss. Typical image signs have high specificity in IIH diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are significantly important to improve the outcomes of patients.
Adult
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Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
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Female
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Humans
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Intracranial Hypertension
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnostic imaging*
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Retrospective Studies
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Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
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Young Adult
9.Advancement in Diagnosis and Treatment of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis.
Jian Bo CHANG ; Hao WU ; Jun Ji WEI
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2019;41(1):111-117
Cryptococcal meningitis(CM)is often seen in immunocompromised patients and has become a global health concern. Elevated intracranial pressure(ICP)is a common complication of CM and often leads to poor prognosis. Monitoring and management of ICP is an important task in CM patients. Invasive intervention is often needed for the elevated ICP in CM patients due to the pathophysiological features of this condition. This article review the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of elevated ICP in CM patients.
Humans
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Intracranial Hypertension
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Intracranial Pressure
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Meningitis, Cryptococcal
10.Therapeutic hypothermia for elevated intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: does it do more harm than good?.
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2015;68(6):523-524
No abstract available.
Brain Injuries*
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Hypothermia*
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Intracranial Hypertension*