This report concerns a 4-month-old infant with progressive prominent and redness of his left eye since birth. This report concerns a 4-month-old infant with progressive prominent redness of his left eye since birth. Angiography revealed a congenital pial arteriovenous fistula between the temporal branch of the left posterior cerebral artery and left cavernous sinus through the sphenoparietal sinus, a condition not reported in the literature. The fistula was successfully occluded with two micro-coils by vertebrobasilar approach.
Arteriovenous Fistula/*diagnosis/therapy ; *Cavernous Sinus/radiography ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/*diagnosis/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Temporal Lobe/blood supply

OBJECTIVESTo summarize the characteristics of interventional treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) and improve clinical curative effects.

METHODSThe clinical data from 135 patients with DAVFs were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSSeventy-four patients were cured, 53 were significantly improved, 8 unchange, and 1 died of intracranial haemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONSClinical presentations and prognosis of DAVF depend on the types of venous drainage. Compression of the affected carotid artery and endovascular embolization are safe and effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; congenital ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Dura Mater ; blood supply ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

We present a case of developmental venous anomaly associated with arteriovenous fistula supplied by a single arterial feeder adjacent to a large acute intracerebral hemorrhage. The arteriovenous fistula was successfully obliterated by superselective embolization while completely preserving the developmental venous anomaly. Two similar cases, including superselective angiographic findings, have been reported in the literature; however, we describe herein superselective angiographic findings in more detail and demonstrate the arteriovenous shunt more clearly than the previous reports. In addition, a literature review was performed to discuss the association of a developmental venous anomaly with vascular lesions.
Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Fistula/*radiography/*therapy ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/*radiography/*therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/*radiography/*therapy ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

OBJECT: It is reported that spontaneous subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage consists about 10 to 44% of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Recently, spontaneous subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage due to the complication of the systemic disease has been increasing, and the selection of management strategy according to the cause of hemorrhage closely affected the management outcome. This study was designed to analyze the cause of spontaneous subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage and the outcome in order to establish the appropriate management strategy. SUBJECT: One hundred and seventy-nine cases of spontaneous subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage managed at Yonsei University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2000 were included in this study. Patients who suffered from subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage due to the ruptured intracranial aneurysm were excluded. The patient's sex, age, mental state on admission, neurologic condition, past history, systemic disease related to hemorrhage, location of hemorrhage, the diagnosis of intracranial or systemic disease, treatment methods, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Consciousness on admission was evaluated and scored based on Glasgow Coma Eye Motor Scale (GCEMS), which was the sum of eye response score and motor response score of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to GCEMS: Group 1 (10 points), Group 2 (8, 9 points), Group 3 (5-7 points), and Group 4 (2-4 points). The clinical outcome of the patient was evaluated based on Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Differences in diagnostic procedure were present depending on the condition of the patients, thus the final diagnostic procedure was used to diagnose the reason behind bleeding. When accurate diagnosis was difficult to perform, the reasons with the highest likelihood were chosen. RESULTS: The patients corresponding to each group were as follow: 79 (44.1%) in Group 1, 35 (19.6%) in Group 2, 27 (15.1%) in Group 3, and 38 (21.2%) in Group 4. Fifty-five patients (30.7%) were hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, 45 patients (25.1%) had anticoagulant therapy and thrombocytopenia due to the systemic disease and bleeding diathesis after anticancer drug therapy, 23 patients (12.8%) had brain tumor including the metastatic tumor, 19 patients (10.6%) had arteriovenous malformation, 18 patients (10.1%) had postinfarct hemorrhages, 5 patients (2.8%) had infective endocarditis, 2 patients (1.1%) had cerebral vasculitis. Conservative treatment was done in 115 patients (64.2%), open craniotomy in 31 patients (17.3%), and catheter insertion in 33 patients (18.4%). Group 1 mainly had conservative treatment (58 patients, 73.4%), Group 2 and 3 had 12 patients (37.1%) and 16 patients (59.3%) each underwent open craniotomy respectively. In Group 4, conservative treatment was done for 24 patients (63.2%), and open craniotomy was done for only one patients among 14 patients treated surgically. Overall clinical outcome was: 77 patients (43.0%) in GOS 5, 21 (11.7%) in GOS 4, 14 (7.8%) in GOS 3, 11 (6.1%) in GOS 2, and 56 patients (31.3%) died. Poor neurological state (low GCEMS) on admission was closely related to mortality (Group 1, 7.6%; Group 2, 22.8%; Group 3, 45.0%; Group 4, 78.9%). CONCLUSION: The major causes of spontaneous subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage were hypertension, metastatic brain tumor, vascular malformation, and the bleeding tendency due to the systemic disease, complication of the anticancer drug, anticoagulant, and thrombolytics therapy. Conservative treatment could be considered for the patients with GCEMS 10, removal of hematoma by open craniotomy or catheter insertion for the patients with GCEMS 5-9, and the catheter insertion or deferring the active treatment could be considered for the patients with GCEMS 2-4.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain Neoplasms ; Catheters ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Coma ; Consciousness ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Disease Susceptibility ; Drug Therapy ; Endocarditis ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Mortality ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vascular Malformations ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System

A 12-week-old baby with a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) was successfully treated with performing transarterial microcatheter-directed embolization with Berenstein Liquid Coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate in the feeding arteries. Post-procedure angiography showed a marked decrease of the blood flow into the dilated vein of Galen. Three months later, follow-up angiography showed that the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation had totally disappeared, and the baby recovered very well without any sequelae. We report here on this interesting case along with a review of the relevant literature, and we aim to enhance physicians' awareness of the treatment for VGAMs.
Catheterization/*instrumentation ; Cerebral Angiography ; *Cerebral Veins ; Cyanoacrylates/*administration & dosage ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis/*therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

We report the hemodynamic assessment in a patient with cerebral arteriovenous malformation using time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography (TRMRA), a non-invasive modality, and catheter-based digital subtraction angiography (DSA), before and after embolization. Comparison of the results showed that TR-MRA produced very fast dynamic images and the findings closely matched those obtained at DSA. For initial work-up and follow-up studies in patients with vascular lesions, TR-MRA and DSA are therefore comparable.
Adult ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Case Report ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Comparative Study ; *Embolization, Therapeutic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human ; Intracranial Arteriovenous ; Malformations/diagnosis/physiopathology/*therapy ; *Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Time Factors