OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of myocardial inhibition on injury to liver, kidney and intestine and blood perfusion at early stage in rat with severe burn.

METHODSThirty-two healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into sham scald, propranolol, scald control and scald + propranolol groups, with 8 rats in each group. After intraperitoneal injection of 10 g/L pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, rats of the former two groups were sham scalded in a water bath of 37 degrees C for 18 s, while the latter two groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald in a 97 degrees C water bath for 18 s. Rats were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution (4 mL x kg(-1) x 1% TBSA(-1), i. p.) following the Parkland formula 30 mins after the injury. At the same time, rats in propranolol and scald + propranolol groups received propranolol 0.75 mg/kg intravenously. After 6 hours, parameters of myocardiac mechanics (SBP, DBP, MAP, LVSP, LVEDP, +/- dp/dt max) were recorded by the multiple channel physiological signal collecting and processing system; blood flow of liver, kidney and intestine were detected with the laser doppler flowmetry; the serum contents of cTnI, TBA, beta2-MG and DAO were determined for reflecting injuries to the heart, liver, kidney and intestine, respectively.

RESULTSMyocardiac mechanics parameters, with the exception of LVEDP, were decreased in propranolol group as compared with those in sham group (P <.05). All myocardiac mechanics parameters in burn control group were lower than those in sham group and higher than those in burn + propranolol group (P < 0.05). Blood flow of organs showed similar changes in above-mentioned 3 groups (P < 0.05). Organ damages as shown in burn control group [cTnI (4.86 +/- 0.29) microg/L, TBA (83.6 +/- 18.2) micromol/L, beta2-MG (2.75 +/- 0.19) mg/L, DAO (1.45 +/- 0.09) x 10(3) U/L] were more serious than those in sham control group [cTnI (1.73 +/- 0.09) microg/L, TBA (24.5 +/- 2.4) micromol/L, beta2-MG (1.15 +/- 0.18) mg/L, DAO (0.87 +/- 0.13) x 10(3) U/L], and less serious than those in scald + propranolol group [cTnI 5.95 +/- 0.42 microg/L, TBA 125.8 +/- 21.3 micromol/L, beta2-MG 3.25 +/- 0.17 mg/L, DAO (1.83 +/- 0.13) x 10(3) U/L] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPropranolol can aggravate injury to the liver, kidney and intestine at early stage in rat with severe burn, suggesting that "shock heart" may be one of initial factors in lowering blood flow to the organs, thus inducing injury to them.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Burns ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Kidney ; blood supply ; Liver ; blood supply ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Propranolol ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock

OBJECTIVETo investigate the systemic influence after an island flap with venous congestion-reperfusion.

METHODSAn island flap was formed in a Rat model. The vein in the pedicle was clamped for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours and released. The ear microcirculation, levels of TNF alpha and IL-10 were measured, and the neutrophils sequestration in tissues were counted. The vascular structure of the lung and intestine were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were significant changes in the ear microcirculation, neutrophils sequestration of the lung and the intestine in the 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours groups, and became more serious by the time increasing. The TNF alpha level reached in maximum at 1 hour after the reperfusion, while the IL-10 became to the lowest level at 3 hours after the reperfusion. However, the TNF alpha and IL-10 levels were significant high in the 6 hour and 10 hours groups, compared with the 2 hours group and the control, but there was no differences between the2 hours group and the control.

CONCLUSIONSVenous congestion-reperfusion of flap could injury the remote organs such as lung, intestinal etc. The injury could be more serious with the time increasing.

Animals ; Constriction ; Ear ; blood supply ; Hyperemia ; complications ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; Veins

PURPOSE: We reviewed the cases of 33 patients from our clinic and 142 patients from the literature with congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations (BPVM), systematically analyzed the bronchopulmonary airways, pulmonary arterial supplies, and pulmonary venous drainages, and classified these patients by pulmonary malinosculation (PM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1990 to January 2007, a total of 33 patients (17 men or boys and 16 women or girls), aged 1 day to 24 years (median, 2.5 months), with congenital BPVM were included in this study. Profiles of clinical manifestations, chest radiographs, echocardiographs, esophagographs, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), cardiac catheterizations with angiography, contrast bronchographs, bronchoscopies, chromosomal studies, surgeries, and autopsies of these patients were analyzed to confirm the diagnosis of congenital BPVM. A total of 142 cases from the literature were also reviewed and classified similarly. RESULTS: The malformations of our 33 patients can be classified as type A isolated bronchial PM in 13 patients, type B isolated arterial PM in three, type C isolated venous PM in two, type D mixed bronchoarterial PM in five, type F mixed arteriovenous PM in one, and type G mixed bronchoarteriovenous PM in nine. CONCLUSION: Dysmorphogeneses of the primitive foregut system and the primitive aortic arch system may lead to haphazard malinosculations of the airways, arteries, and veins of the lung. A systematic classification of patients with congenital BPVM is clinically feasible by assessing the three basic bronchovascular systems of the lung independently.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic/*abnormalities ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestines/*abnormalities/*blood supply ; Lung/*abnormalities/*blood supply ; Male ; Vascular Malformations/*classification

Animals ; Escin ; pharmacology ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control

AIMTo explore effects of Safflor (Chinese Tradional Medicine) on the intestine ultrastructure characteristics during intestine ischemia/ reperfusion injury (I/RI) in rabbits.

METHODSThirty rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R) and Safflor injection group (group SI). Morphological changes of intestine ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits and the protective effects of Safflor were observed under electric telescope.

RESULTSThe intestine ultrastructure was badly injured in group I/R. Mitochondria and intestinal mucosal cells were swellen and endoplasmic reticulum expanded, however, in the SI group the ultrastructural injury of the ischemia greatly ameliorated.

CONCLUSIONThe ultrastructure injury occurrted after intestine I/RI and Safflor has protective effects on the intestine ultrastructure.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Intestines ; blood supply ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

The role of nuclear factor kappaB in intestine injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion was investigated. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: sham operation group (group A), hepatic ischemia reperfusion group (group B) and hepatic ischemia reperfusion plus pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (group C). The rats in group A were only subjected to laparotomy, those in group B underwent partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h) and those in group C underwent the same procedure as that of group B but received PDTC 200 mg/kg i.v. before and after ischemia. After reperfusion, tissues of jejunum and venous blood were obtained for measurement of TNF-alpha, MDA and MPO. The levels of TNF-alpha in jejunum and venous blood, the levels of MPO in jejunum in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and group C (P<0.05). There was no significant different in the levels of MDA between group B and group C. The severity of histological intestinal injury in group B and group C was similar. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion caused intestine injury, NF-kappaB may play an important role in this course and the targeting of upstream components of the inflammatory response, such as NF-kappaB, may have important therapeutic applications.
Animals ; Intestines ; pathology ; Liver ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

The role of nuclear factor kappaB in intestine injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion was investigated. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: sham operation group (group A), hepatic ischemia reperfusion group (group B) and hepatic ischemia reperfusion plus pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (group C). The rats in group A were only subjected to laparotomy, those in group B underwent partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h) and those in group C underwent the same procedure as that of group B but received PDTC 200 mg/kg i.v. before and after ischemia. After reperfusion, tissues of jejunum and venous blood were obtained for measurement of TNF-alpha, MDA and MPO. The levels of TNF-alpha in jejunum and venous blood, the levels of MPO in jejunum in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and group C (P<0.05). There was no significant different in the levels of MDA between group B and group C. The severity of histological intestinal injury in group B and group C was similar. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion caused intestine injury, NF-kappaB may play an important role in this course and the targeting of upstream components of the inflammatory response, such as NF-kappaB, may have important therapeutic applications.
Intestines/*pathology ; Liver/*blood supply ; Liver/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism

To study the compatible mechanisms and compatible proportion of Shaoyao Gancao decoction, the intestinal absorption of main ingredients in Shaoyao Gancao decoction SG11 (Baishao-Zhigancao 1: 1) , SG31 (Baishao-Zhigancao 3: 1), Baishao water decoction S and Zhigancao (G) were investigated and compared using in vitro everted intestinal sac model and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. The concentration of paeoniflorin (PF), liquiritin (LQ) and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate (GL) in test samples and samples of intestinal sac and intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC. The intestinal absorptive amount and absorption parameters were calculated. Results showed that in the everted intestinal sac model, three ingredients could be absorbed by duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and the absorption in the jejunum was best for all 3 ingredients. The absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 was significantly higher than that in single decoction (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference compared with SG31. In SPIP model, the absorption rate constant K(a), the apparent absorption coefficient P(app) and the absorption rate of three ingredients in SG11 were significantly higher than those in single decoction. Parameters of PF and GL in SG11 were significantly higher than those in SG31, but had no differences of LQ. It proved that the compatibility of Baishao and Zhigancao could improve the intestinal absorption of PF, LQ and GL. The absorption of each ingredient in SG11 was better than that in SG31.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on inflammatory injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

METHODSForty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham injury group, a model group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 12 rats in each group. Intestinal I/R rat models were established by method of clamping with occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min followed by reperfusion. The EA group was treated with EA (2.5 mA, 2 Hz/100 Hz, 0.5 h) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) 30 min before reperfusion, and at the same time, the sham EA group was treated with fast insertion at two non-meridian acupoints on skin surface (2 cm horizontally away from linea alba abdominis and about 5 cm paralleled to cartilago ensiformis downward). No interventions were added on the sham injury group and the model group. The degree of pathological injury in intestines, water rate of intestines, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF) were examined at 1 h and 3 h after reperfusion.

RESULTSAt 1 h and 3 h after reperfusion, the intestinal pathological injury in EA group was significantly attenuated compared with that in model group, and the intestinal water rate of (74.00 +/- 2.11)% and (78.78 +/- 0.80)% in EA group were significantly lower than (80.69 +/- 1.66)% and (83.17 +/- 2.08)% in model group (both P < 0.01), but DAO of (68.83 +/- 4.31) U/L and (47.84 +/- 5.57) U/L as well as IMBF of (152 +/- 5.8) PU and (139.8 +/- 6.1) PU in EA group were significantly higher than DAO of (32.86 +/- 4.72) U/L, (17.01 +/- 2.96) U/L as well as IMBF of (124.7 +/- 8.3) PU and (89.4 +/- 13.2) PU in model group (all P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the above mentioned changes in sham EA group showed no significant differences compared with those in model group (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture can not only reduce the inflammatory injury induced by intestinal IR but also increase intestinal blood supply so as to protect the intestine function.

Acupuncture Points ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) ; metabolism ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Intestines ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of R-spondin1 (RSpo1) in the intestinal epithelium of mice with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore its significance.

METHODSFifty normal male Kunming mice were randomized into sham-operated group (n=10) and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury group (n=40), and in the latter group, the mice were subjected to 20-min intestinal mesenteric artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR were used to detect intestinal RSpo1 expression of the mice.

RESULTSThe results of RT-PCR and ELISA showed that RSpo1 expression was significantly decreased in mice at 6 h of reperfusion following the intestinal ischemia (P<0.05), and increased gradually with prolonged repersuion time, reaching the peak level at 24 h (P<0.05). The expression underwent rapid decrease afterwards to a significantly lower level than that in the control group at 48 h (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury may inhibit expression of RSpo1 in the early stage, and enhance its expression in the middle stage. RSpo1 can promote proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial stem cells and plays an important role in the repair intestinal mucosal damage.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; metabolism ; Intestines ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Thrombospondins ; genetics ; metabolism