Humans ; Intestine, Small ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous ; methods

A case of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the small bowel two years after receiving a renal transplant is described. Immunosuppression had been achieved using cyclosporine A and prednisolone. Lesions extended from the duodenum to the ileum ; radiologically, they were demonstrated on small bowel follow-through study and computed tomography as multiple small nodular intraluminal masses with or without central umbilication, and endoscopically, were seen as intramural mucosal elevations with a central crater-like ulceration.
Cyclosporine ; Duodenum ; Ileum ; Immunosuppression ; Intestine, Small* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Ulcer

A case of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the small bowel two years after receiving a renal transplant is described. Immunosuppression had been achieved using cyclosporine A and prednisolone. Lesions extended from the duodenum to the ileum ; radiologically, they were demonstrated on small bowel follow-through study and computed tomography as multiple small nodular intraluminal masses with or without central umbilication, and endoscopically, were seen as intramural mucosal elevations with a central crater-like ulceration.
Cyclosporine ; Duodenum ; Ileum ; Immunosuppression ; Intestine, Small* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy of the small intestine,and investigate the optimal selection of donors,recipients,and their small intestine vessels in piglet small intestine transplantation.

METHODSThe weight and length of 30 piglets were measured. Angiography and pigments perfusion were used to observe the main vessels of the small intestine,and the length of the small intestine,and the external diameter of the main vessels of the small intestine were measured in vivo and ex vivo.

RESULTSThe length of the small intestine was 11.5 times as long as the body length, and its weight accounted for 2.3% of the body weight. The outer diameters of abdominal aorta (AT), mesenteric anterior artery (MAA) and its 5(th)-6(th) branches in vivo and ex vitro were 4.3/4.6mm, 2.5/2.7mm and 1.9/2.2mm respectively. The total number of MAA's branches was 6-8 in general and its 5(th)-6(th) branches were the longest [(20.0 +/- 7.0) mm, (22.0 +/- 8.2) mm]. The outer diameter of mesenterial anterior vein (MAV) was 1-2 mm wider than that of MAA.

CONCLUSIONSAT, MAA and its 5(th)-6(th) branches are the preferable vessels for small intestine transplantation. In segmental small intestine transplantation, the length of the small intestine and body weight can be used to primarily select the suitable animals.

Animals ; Blood Vessels ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Intestine, Small ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

The gut microbiota is mainly composed of a diverse population of commensal bacterial species and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation and metabolism. The influence of the gut microbiota on solid organ transplantation has recently been recognized. In fact, several studies indicated that acute and chronic allograft rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT) is closely associated with the alterations in microbial patterns in the gut. In this review, we focused on the recent findings regarding alterations in the microbiota following SBTand the potential roles of these alterations in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. We also reviewed important advances with respect to the interplays between the microbiota and host immune systems in SBT. Furthermore, we explored the potential of the gut microbiota as a microbial marker and/or therapeutic target for the predication and intervention of allograft rejection and chronic dysfunction. Given that current research on the gut microbiota has become increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive, large cohort studies employing metagenomic analysis and multivariate linkage should be designed for the characterization of host-microbe interaction and causality between microbiota alterations and clinical outcomes in SBT. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development of allograft rejection and other transplant-related complications and introduce novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.
Biomarkers ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestine, Small ; microbiology ; transplantation ; Metagenomics ; Transplantation Tolerance ; immunology

Adult ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Intestine, Small ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Male ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA) gene alleles matching rates and graft rejection in small intestine, liver and kidney transplantation.

METHODSGenome DNA were extracted from blood samples or pathological sections collected from donors and recipients of living-related transplantation, included 4 cases of small bowel transplantation, 5 cases of liver transplantation and 6 cases of kidney transplantation. The correlation between MICA alleles matching rates and acute graft rejection was analyzed following 13 MICA alleles determination by polymerase chain reaction based on sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP).

RESULTSHLA zygosity of all donors and recipients was confirmed to be half-matching. The recipients displaying higher matching rates of MICA alleles with donors showed lighter clinical and pathological rejection and longer survival time. On the contrary, recipients with lower matching rates of MICA alleles with donors showed severer clinical and pathological rejection and shorter survival time relatively.

CONCLUSIONMatching rates of MICA alleles has negative relevance to acute rejection, and positive relevance to survival time of recipients in small bowel, liver, and kidney transplantation.

Alleles ; Graft Rejection ; genetics ; immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; transplantation ; Kidney Transplantation ; immunology ; Liver Transplantation ; immunology ; Living Donors ; Organ Transplantation

The miniature pig is a very suitable donor species in xenotransplantation of human organs. Lipid metabolism is an important process that involves the creation and degradation of lipids, which is associated with the function of the gastro-intestinal tract. However, the distribution of lipid metabolism related molecules in the gastro-intestinal tract in the miniature pig is unclear. The present study examined the expression of farnesoid X-receptor (FXR), liver X- receptor (LXR), retinoid X-receptor (RXR), liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA in the digestive organs of miniature pigs. FXR and LXR mRNA were not expressed in the stomach but were expressed at high and low density in the small and large intestines, respectively. RXR mRNA was expressed in stomach with moderate density, small intestine with high density and in the large intestine with low density. L-FABP and FAS mRNA were expressed in the stomach and large intestine with low density and in the small intestine with high density. L-FABP mRNA was expressed in the liver and kidney with high density, and in pancreas with low density. FAS mRNA was expressed in the liver with high density, and in pancreas and kidney with low density.
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Pancreas ; RNA, Messenger ; Stomach ; Swine ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous

The miniature pig is a very suitable donor species in xenotransplantation of human organs. Lipid metabolism is an important process that involves the creation and degradation of lipids, which is associated with the function of the gastro-intestinal tract. However, the distribution of lipid metabolism related molecules in the gastro-intestinal tract in the miniature pig is unclear. The present study examined the expression of farnesoid X-receptor (FXR), liver X- receptor (LXR), retinoid X-receptor (RXR), liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA in the digestive organs of miniature pigs. FXR and LXR mRNA were not expressed in the stomach but were expressed at high and low density in the small and large intestines, respectively. RXR mRNA was expressed in stomach with moderate density, small intestine with high density and in the large intestine with low density. L-FABP and FAS mRNA were expressed in the stomach and large intestine with low density and in the small intestine with high density. L-FABP mRNA was expressed in the liver and kidney with high density, and in pancreas with low density. FAS mRNA was expressed in the liver with high density, and in pancreas and kidney with low density.
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Pancreas ; RNA, Messenger ; Stomach ; Swine ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the restoration of rat penile erection by reconstructing injured cavernous nerves (CN) with a compound graft prepared from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and Schwann cells (SC).

METHODSSCs were cultured in vitro and a compound graft was prepared from the SCs and SIS. Thirty-three healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups of equal number, sham-operation, CN ablation, and SIS + SC graft. Three months after the operation, all the rats underwent the apomorphine test, followed by immunohistochemical staining of the tissues from the middle part of the corpus cavernosum penis.

RESULTSCombined use of mechanical stripping, mixed-enzyme digestion, different-speed adhesion, short-term Ara-C and some other methods yielded SCs of a purity high enough for nerve tissue engineering. The SIS prepared by mechanical and chemical methods exhibited a good biocompatibility with SCs, which could adhere, grow, propagate and differentiate on its surface. The apomorphine test showed that both the rate and frequency of penile erection were significantly higher in the SIS + SC graft than in the CN ablation group (P < 0.01), but lower than in the sham operation group (P < 0.01). The number of nNOS positive nerve fibers in the SIS + SC graft group was significantly different from that of the CN ablation (P < 0.01), but both were smaller than that of the sham-operation group.

CONCLUSIONThe compound of SIS with SCs, as a nerve graft, can be used to reconstruct injured cavernous nerves, and to some extent, restore penile erectile function.

Animals ; Intestinal Mucosa ; transplantation ; Intestine, Small ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; Penile Erection ; Penis ; innervation ; surgery ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; transplantation ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous