Colonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the alimentary tract. In most cases, symptomatic duplications of the colon are recognized and treated by childhood. It is uncommon for these lesions to be detected in the adulthood since they present with vague symptoms if at all. We experienced a case of asymptomatic tubular duplication of the transverse colon in a 40-year-old female. Barium enema revealed a tubular duplication of the transverse colon. The duplicated segment arose from the mid ascending colon and incorporated just proximal to the splenic flexure, running parallel to the transverse colon and communicating with it at both ends. Colonoscopy demonstrated a normal colonic mucosa in the duplicated segment. The diameter of its lumen gradually narrowed proximally and the colonoscope could not be passed through the proximal opening of the segment. The patient did not need any treatment. Duplications of the alimentary tract can be found at any age. The possibility of congenital lesions in the adult population should not be overlooked.
Adult ; Colon, Transverse/*abnormalities/radiography ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of acellular porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS as bioscaffold of tissue engineering skin.

METHODSThe second passage keratinocytes were seeded on SIS, after seeded for 11, 13, 15, 17 days, the keratinocytes/SIS composites were observed by dye directly, histopathology, immunohistochemical studies with monoclonal antibodies against laminin and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSAt eleventh day, keratinocytes were growth very well on the surface of SIS, there are 2-3 cell layers on partial of the SIS surface, the continued expression of laminin can be detected between the keratinocytes and the surface of SIS. After 13, 15, 17 days this stratified structure increased, cells contact more closely, the tonofibrils in cells, desmosome between cells and the basal membrane between the keratinocytes and the surface of SIS can be seen with TEM.

CONCLUSIONSSIS is a kind of good bioscaffold in the culture of porcine keratinocytes in vitro.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

This paper is aimed to investigate the feasibility of applying the small intestine submucosa (SIS) as the scaffold in constructing tissue engineering cartilage in vitro. We obtained SIS from the small intestine of specific pathogen-free pigs. Then we isolated tunica submucosa layer from the mucosal, muscular, and serosal layers by gentle mechanic abrasion. The SIS was made acellular by combination of detergent and enzyme digestion. The chondrocytes were seeded onto the SIS and were cultured for 3 weeks. The cell growth, attachment and distribution were detected by histochemical stain, immunohistochemical stain and scan electron microscope. The chondrocytes could adhere and grow well on the matrix surface, and synthesize a large of the GAG and type U collagen. However, the chondrocytes grew only on the surface andsuperficial layer of the scaffold, they did not move into the inner part of the scaffold. It could be concluded that SIS has good cellular compatibility without cytotoxicity and provides temporary substrate to which these anchorage-dependent cells can adhere, and stimulate the chondrocytes anchored on the scaffold to proliferate and keep differentiated phenotype. Further study will be needed to promote the ability of chondrocyte chemotaxis in order to distribute the chondrocytes into the whole scaffold uniformly.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Chondrogenesis ; physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

This study was aimed to evaluate the cellular compatibility of the small intestinal submucosal(e) (SIS). Prepared by use of pig jejunum. SIS were cocultured with human embryonic periosteal osteoblasts (HEPOB), human embryonic skin fibroblasts (HESFB) and rabbit renal vascular endothelial cells (RRVEC) respectively. The cell growth, attachment, cell cycle, cell apoptosis rate were detected to evaluate the cellular compatibility of SIS. The three kinds of cells attached onto SIS and grew well. SIS accelerated the growth of RRVEC. No effects of SIS were detected on cell cycle and cell apoptosis rate in the three kinds of cells. SIS has good cellular compatibility without cytotoxicity. The porous structure of SIS is suited for the growth of HEPOB, HESFB and RRVEC in three dimensions in the scaffold. SIS is a good bio-derived material of tissue engineering.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Histocompatibility ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Jejunum ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; physiology ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanisms of colonic epithelial aging related proteins and aged colonic epithelial susceptibility to tumor. METHODS: The proteins of normal human colonic epithelial tissue from young and old people were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE), respectively. Then gels were stained by silver, scanned by imagescanner and analyzed with PDQuest software. The differentially expressed protein spots of colonic epithelium between the old and the young groups were identified by peptide mass fingerprint based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. RESULTS: Well-resolved and reproducible 2DGE maps of normal human colonic epithelium from the young and the old were acquired. Nineteen more than 2 fold differentially expressed protein spots were identified representing 17 different proteins by MALDI-TOF-MS. The functions of these proteins involve in metabolism, energy generation, transportation, antioxidation, translation and protein folding. CONCLUSION Seventeen aging related proteins of human colonic epithelium identified indicate that injury of mitochondrial function and decline of antioxidant capability are important reasons for the aging of human colonic epithelium. These data provided useful clues for elucidating the mechanisms of colonic epithelial aging and aged colonic epithelial susceptibility to cancer.
Aging ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; genetics ; Chloride Channels ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Colon ; cytology ; Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Proteins ; metabolism

The effect of acupuncture in the treatment of young pigs with induced enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea was histopathologically evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. Thirty two pigs weighed 4-5kg and aged 21days old were used in this study. The animals with diarrhea were treated with traditional acupuncture, or enrofloxacin. In the group treated with traditional acupuncture, acupoint GV1 (Jiaochao) was used and in the group treated with antibiotics, enrofloxacin was injected intramuscularly. Ten pigs were inoculated with E. coli, but were not treated and served as nontreated control group. At postinoculation day 6, all pigs of the acupuncture and antibiotic treated groups recovered from diarrhea. In the ascending and descending colons of the nontreated control group, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria was observed and in the fundic stomach, destruction of the fundic gland architecture and necrotic lesions were observed, however, in the same sites of the acupuncture and antibiotics treated groups, the mucosae of the colon and stomach were relatively similar to those of the normal group. These results indicate that acupuncture treatment is effective in controlling induced E. coli diarrhea in pigs at its early stage.
Acupuncture ; Animals ; Colon/cytology/microbiology/pathology ; Diarrhea/therapy/*veterinary ; Escherichia coli Infections/therapy/*veterinary ; Gastric Mucosa/cytology/microbiology/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/microbiology/pathology ; Male ; Stomach/cytology/microbiology/pathology ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*microbiology/therapy

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key modulators that shape the immune system. In mucosal tissues, DCs act as surveillance systems to sense infection and also function as professional antigen-presenting cells that stimulate the differentiation of naive T and B cells. On the basis of their molecular expression, DCs can be divided into several subsets with unique functions. In this review, we focus on intestinal DC subsets and their function in bridging the innate signaling and adaptive immune systems to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal immune environment. We also review the current strategies for manipulating mucosal DCs for the development of efficient mucosal vaccines to protect against infectious diseases.
Animals ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology

OBJECTIVETo construct the tissue-engineered biological small intestinal submucosa(SIS) membrane and evaluate the feasibility of its use as a surrogate of periosteum and its possible role in dental implant distraction (DID).

METHODSThe tissue-engineered biological SIS membrane was constructed through the co-culturing of boat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and small intestinal submucosa. The cellular compatibility was evaluated with the phase contrast microscope, SEM, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and histology, and its effect of osteogenesis promotion was detected by Micro-CT and histology after implanted in the exposed side of DID operation.

RESULTSThe phase contrast microscope, SEM, ALP activity and histology confirmed that the BMSC could adhere to SIS and proliferate on it normally, the cellular activity and function were not affected by SIS. Three months after the tissue-engineered biological SIS membrane was implanted into the exposed side, some discontinuous new bone in the "biological SIS membrane" group was detected by the Micro-CT under a higher window level. The histology revealed that there was a quantity of new bone in the distracted region and the majority was woven bone. The quantity and quality of the new bone in the "biological SIS membrane" implanted group were similar to the unexposed side, but the bone nonunion was detected in the un-implanted group and the interspace was fixed by fibrous connective tissue.

CONCLUSIONSThe tissue-engineered biological SIS membrane can provide both daughter cells, guide bone regeneration in DID and promote the osteogenesis. But the outcome of the biological SIS membrane, especially the function of the osteoblast cultured in the SIS in new bone formation, still needs further study.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Implantation ; methods ; Goats ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of the goblet cells in the intestine during the restitution process of the gut barrier after hemorrhagic shock.

METHODSForty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats with body weight of 250-300 g were divided into control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=42). Rats in the experimental group was further divided into 6 groups (n=7 each) according to different time point at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. The specimens from ileum tissue were taken to observe the morphological chan ges of the intestinal mucosa. The number of goblet cells was determined by light microscope and/or electron microscope. The contents of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) of goblet cells were examined using GC-9A gas chromatographic instrument.

RESULTSAfter hemorrhagic shock, mucosal epithelial injury was obvious in the small intestine. Tissue restitution was found after 3 hours, and mostly established after 12 hours. Following tissue restitution,the denuded mucosal surface was covered intensively by goblet cells. The number of goblet cells on the intestinal mucosa was reduced significantly from 243+/- 13 at 1 h to 157+/- 9 at 24 h (r=- 0.910, P< 0.01), and returned to normal level at 36 h. In the experimental group, the content of TFF3 in the intestinal mucosa increased significantly at 12 hours, decreased, but was still higher at 24 hours (t=3.24, P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe goblet cells play a key role in the restitution of intestinal mucosa. High expression of TFF3 may facilitate the intestinal mucosal restitution in the early phase.

Animals ; Goblet Cells ; metabolism ; Ileum ; cytology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; metabolism ; Trefoil Factor-3

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of berberine on the release of nitric oxide (NO) by rat intestinal mucous microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) cultured in vitro for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of berberine in treating intestinal disease.

METHODSCultured RIMECs in vitro were identified adopting immunofluorescent stain with factor VIII-related antigen. NO level in the supernatant of normal cell culture or cell culture treated with different concentrations of berberine was detected with colorimetry at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th h and compared.

RESULTSCompared with that in the normal control group, NO level increased more obviously in the berberine treated groups, and the best effect was shown in the 5 microg/mL berberine treated group.

CONCLUSIONOne of the important pharmacological mechanisms of berberine might be through promoting the endogenous NO release to induce endothelium-dependent dilatation of microvascular in intestinal mucosa, thus to improve the local microcirculation of intestine.

Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Colorimetry ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; blood supply ; cytology ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Time Factors