Background: Andragogy, the theory of adult learning is relevant to medical education especially in the clinical internship learning context. It focuses on the students, faculty, and patients interacting together while developing competencies as future practitioners. Medical interns are active adult learners, enhancing their development of knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes, and pursuing professionalism as they participate in case-based discussions (CBD). Objectives: The study sought to identify the basic principles of andragogy while medical interns participate in case-based discussions including the end-of-course satisfaction. It also determined the selected demographic factors associated with the andragogic principles. Methodology: Respondents included 80 interns by convenience sampling who rotated at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences in a tertiary referral hospital. The study used a combination of descriptive quantitative and qualitative research design. A valid instrument using the Adult Learning Principles Design Elements Questionnaire (ALPDEQ) was used to measure the medical intern's andragogic orientation as well as end-of-course satisfaction. A direct, non-participant observation of case-based discussions conducted at the department was done by the researcher and research associate. Results and Conclusion The occurrence of andragogic principles specifically motivation, experience, need to know, readiness, and self-directedness was observed during the conduct of case-based discussion. There was no association between principles of andragogy and demographic factors such as age, gender, civil status, medical school, preparatory medical course, and place of origin. CBD is an effective learning strategy, which provides medical interns adequate venues to be self-directed and apply the principles of andragogy in a workplace-based setting.
Internship and Residency

Internship and Residency

Surgery is a science, originating from treatment methodology. It is an essential part of medicine, which treats various diseases. In the past, barbers, upon the request of physicians, were the ones who performed surgery. However, the evolution of surgery into science created the surgeon as a doctor, and not as a technician. Changes and developments in the field of medicine also lead to the creation of different branches within the surgical field. To meet current socioeconomic and educational changes, residency training in surgery must become more efficient. Traditional training in general surgery must be tailored to the needs of individual surgical subspecialties. Surgical residency training can be classified into three different categories; independent, integrated and one discipline tracks are the most commonly implemented types of surgical education. In this paper, the pros and cons of each type of educational modality are discussed and presented.
Curriculum* ; Education ; Internship and Residency

No abstract available.
Humans ; Internship and Residency*

Residency training is the most important postgraduate medical training of which the purpose is to cultivate a good qualified specialist. The requisite for good qualification is dependent on the need of the nation and the residency training program can be varied from country to country. To make good qualified specialists, not only the establishment of a good training program but also the appropriate evaluation of training facilities and supports of hospitals and the level of achievement of individual trainee is the key element. For the good training and the appropriate evaluation, the role of program director cannot be overemphasized. The system for the program director must be introduced together with training program renewal. Within a couple of years, the Korean Association of Medical Science and 26 Korean Associations of specialties will reform residency training program and establish evaluation tools to train a good qualified specialist.
Education* ; Internship and Residency* ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Internship and Residency* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Internship and Residency* ; Psychiatry*

BACKGROUND: An in-training examination is given annually to the all laboratory medicine residents of in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the in-training examinations according to the examinees' postgraduate years, a number of teaching faculty members and hospital beds, and the score of the board examination. METHODS: A total number of examinees during the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005 were 311. All residents took the same in-training examinations given each year irrespective of the postgraduate year (PGY). RESULTS: The scores of in-training examinations increased with advance in the examinees' PGY (P<0.01). The scores were not different according to the size of teaching faculty or hospital beds (P>0.05). The correlation coefficients of each PGY scores were from 0.474 to 0.755 (P<0.01). The scores of the 4th PGY were correlated with those of the board examinations (r=0.627, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the scores of the in-training examinations may be a valid measure of knowledge acquired by residents during their training years and provide a useful information for improving the laboratory medicine residency training program.
Education ; Internship and Residency* ; Korea

The CIPP Evaluation Model is a comprehensive framework for program evaluation. Context assesses needs and problems within a defined environment. Input assesses competing strategies and resources of the selected approach. Process monitors, documents and assesses program activities. Product assesses the quality of outcomes. Objectives: 1) analyze the result of program evaluation of different institutions in terms of context, input, process and product. 2) compare the results of the different programs in terms of phases. The Philippine Academy of Family Physicians has 42 accredited residency training programs. In 2004, it changed its manner of accreditation using a modification of the CIPP evaluation model. In this study, 22 programs were accredited from 2004-2006 using this new format. For curriculum content, the programs met only 64 percent of the required criteria. Majority of the programs have adequate resources. As to the implementation, the different components include patient care, family care, community health and research. It was only in patient care that the programs met most of the criteria. As to the product, it showed that improvement must be done. Since the basic principle of family medicine lies in the holistic approach, enhancement in the training programs should be geared towards this.

The Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) is the tertiary hospital in Davao City that is fast becoming a world-class, service-oriented medical center, leading in the provision of health care and training in Mindanao. For a century now, SPMC underwent several processes of reinvention in order to meet the changing needs of the public we serve. Between the years 1917 and 1920, Davao Hospital started operations in a temporary wooden pavilion originally built by the Bureau of Public Works for its sick laborers. The temporary hospital was equipped with basic equipment and had a small laboratory. The government of the Philippine Islands allocated budget for the salaries of one resident physician, one superintendent and property clerk, three nurses, four ward attendants, one cook, one assistant cook, and five laborers-a total of 16 personnel-to keep the hospital running. Over the succeeding decades, the Davao Hospital underwent several name changes, with corresponding increases in bed capacity from 50 in 1921 to 1200 in 2009. The hospital also slowly provided specialized health care services to cater to the growing needs of the populace. Starting in the 1950s, the hospital's services were divided into specialty areas, and the establishment of residency training programs in different medical disciplines soon followed. The services also became more specialized and sophisticated with the establishment of a burn unit, a heart center, a dialysis center, and a kidney transplant unit. We are an “accomplished” old institution. It is very tempting to go gentle into that good night and rest on our laurels. However, resting on previous achievements is definitely not an option. Prior success does not always guarantee continued results.
Physicians ; Internship and Residency