As a new technique, photedynamic therapy was introduced in the end of 1970s and has been put into clinical application from experimental tests in recent years. Its mechanisms was established on the basis that a series of special typed cells and tissues could selectively absorb photosensitive drugs and generate photore-sponsive effects by light irradiation of definite wavelengths. Currently, the photodynamic theraputics is applied mainly in non surgical treatment of tumor betided in body superfacial and hollow viscus. Its application area has been expanded unceasingly in modern clinic due to the discovery of the selective aggregation of photoresponsive drugs to many pathological tissues and pathogenic microorganisms other than tumors, and the development of new photoresensitizer. In this paper, review is given on the effect mechanisms, the light sources and photosensitizer, as well as the application of photodynamic treatment of tumors in head and neck and its treatments of mucosal dis-ease and oral pathogenic microorganism infected diseases.

Human umbilical cord (UC) has been attracting increasing research effort in recent years.Since UC is a postnatal organ discarded after birth,the collection of its cells is non-invasive and raises no ethical con-cerns.Human umbilical cord provides large amount of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) which hold unlimited ca-pability of proliferation and great potential of differentiation and. MSCs have stable biological properties and low-er immunogenicity and can function well after amplifications.Studies have demonstrated that MSCs have the po-tential of inhibiting inflammatory response, generation of fibrosis, apoptosis and stimulating regeneration of hepa-tocytes.Therefore, UCMSCs could be an ideal cell source for the therapy of liver diseases.

Cartilage injury has a very limited capacity of recovery by itself due to the lack of blood vessel in cartilage tissues. Current studies indicate that many kinds of cytokines have the function of promoting cartilage formation or repairing the injured cartilage with cartilage-like tissues. Cell-mediated transfer of the respective genes may ideally combine the supply of a chondrogenic cell population with the production of certain factors se-creted from the lesion and to promote the repairing of the lesion, which is considered the best treatment. Gene therapy based on this technology has developed rapidly in recent years. This review aims to summarize some of the development of the research in the field.

Since the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique to interfere neu-ral activity of brain, the combination of TMS and other neuron-imaging techniques has been widely used, espe-cially in cognitive research. Electroencephalogram (EEG) occupies a special position in this field due to its higher time resolution and lower experimental cost. The present paper reviews the application of TMS-EEG combined technique from the aspects of the main research topics, simultaneous recording, artifacts elimination, data pro-cessing and so on. Current problems and possible solution related to this technique are also discussed in the pa-per. With those new related solutions being put forward, more achievements will be obtained in the research area of TMS-EEG combined technique.

Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a serious nervous system trauma,which may consequently lead to various degrees of paralysis and toilet obstacles,and its disability and the high cost heavily burdened the families and community.Therefore,the research on spinal cord tissue regeneration and the repair after injury has important practical significance.A large number of experimental studies have shown that neurotrophic factor plays an important role in the nerve tissue repair process.This article reviews new research progress about the effects of neurotrophic factor in this field.

The development of tissue engineering has provided new methods for organ replacement and disease treatment.The research of seed cells includes cell selection,culture,transplantation,tracing and so on.The tracing technique of seed cells involves molecular biology,molecular immunology,molecular imaging and many other subjects,making it difficult to select a label for seed cells.This review summarizes the recent research progress in the tracing technique of seed cells.

Objective The existing laryngoscope can not be used to observe the ultrastructure of cells.As a result,doctors always have to conduct biopsies on some patients who can not be diagnosed.The timeconsuming procedure of biopsy may be detrimental to the timely diagnosis and treatment.To solve this problem,we aimed to design the integrative confocal-microscopic hard laryngoscope system (ICMHL).Methods ICMHL system integrated the technique of existing laryngoscope and confocal microscopy,which allows doctors to observe the macrostructure and microstructure of lesions at the same time. Results With the effect of fluorescein sodium,ICMHL system could record the dynamic changes of cells at a rate of 30 fps,and the confocal-microscopic host machine could photograph images at a rate of 230 fps and diagnose invisible minute lesions.Conclusion ICMHL system provides a new,real-time approach for clinic biopsy.

As the third generation of DNA genetic marker,single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)widely exists in human genome and has been the main study methods in human genetics,preclinical medicine,clinical medicine,pharmacogenomics and so on.In this review,we focus on classification and features of SNPs,introduce the commonly used detection techniques and the application of SNPs in medical research.Questions and development prospect relating to SNPs are discussed as well.

With the development of technology and the deterioration of environment,more and more attention was attracted to the research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract.In this paper,the methods of research on fluid dynamics in human upper respiratory tract were introduced,and the mechanical models of human upper respiratory tract which were constructed by the scholars in the resent years were summarized.In addition,the current status of research on the airflow movements,the transportation and deposition of the particles in human upper respiratory tract was analyzed.The developing trend of this field was prospected as well.

Osteoclast is one of the basic function cells involved in bone metabolism during the process of bone remodeling.Osteoclasts are responsible for destruction and absorption of the old bone tissue.Thus,a tiny change of osteoclast apoptosis may change the process of bone remodeling.Osteoclast apoptosis is regulated by many factors including estrogen,bisphosphonates and so on.However,fewer researches on effect of mechanical loading on the biological activity of osteoclasts has been carried out.In this paper,the effect of mechanical loading on the biological activity of osteoclasts and its regulation on apoptosis of cells and osteoclast are reviewed.