OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines in severely burned patients with sepsis.

METHODSTen burn patients who received CRRT and another 10 without CRRT were investigated in terms of the changes in their plasma concentrations of endotoxin and some cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8).

RESULTSThe plasma concentrations of endotoxin and all the cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8) after CRRT treatment were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P < 0.01), and the plasma levels of the above factors at all the time points after CRRT treatment than those in patients were evidently lower by routine treatment (P < 0.05 - 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCRRT treatment could effectively lower the plasma levels of endotoxin and some cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8).

Burns ; blood ; complications ; Endotoxins ; blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Sepsis ; blood ; etiology ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

METHODSThis was a prospective study conducted between August 2014 and February 2015. A total of 140 neonates who were suspected infectious were enrolled and classified into a sepsis group (n=49) and a local infection group (n=91). Sixty-one neonates who were non-infectious served as the control group. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured before treatment and 3 days after treatment. The value of serum IL-6 and IL-8 for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTSBefore treatment, serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the sepsis group were higher than those in the local infection and control groups (P<0.05), and the local infection group had higher serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 than the control group (P<0.05). After three days of treatment, the serum IL-6 level in the sepsis group remained higher than that in the local infection and control groups (P<0.05), and the local infection group had higher serum level of IL-6 than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum IL-8 level among the three groups. According to the ROC curve, when the cut-off value of serum IL-6 was 32 pg/mL, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum IL-6 for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were 87.8%, 79.6% and 81.6% respectively; when the cut-off value of serum IL-8 was 54 pg/mL, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum IL-6 for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were 77.6%, 63.8% and 67.2% respectively. With the combination of serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were 71.4%, 86.2% and 82.6% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 and IL-8 participate in the inflammatory response and the serum levels of both vary with the severity of infection. The diagnostic value of IL-6 for neonatal sepsis is higher than IL-8. The combined detection of serum levels IL-6 and IL-8 may increase the accuracy of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis ; blood ; diagnosis

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) levels and ischemic -reperfusion injury of myocardium during cardiac surgery.

METHODSA total of 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (mitral valve replacement) under extracorporeal circulation were randomized into two groups: PGE1 group (receiving 0.04 microg.kg(-1). min(-1) of Lipo-PGE1 from the beginning of surgery to the end of study, n=15) and control group (no PGE1 given, n=15). Levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Isoenzyme of creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits(CKMB) and troponin-T (cTn-T) were measured by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry method and enzyme immunoassay on 5 time-points during the study.

RESULTIn both groups serum IL-6, IL-8, CK-MB and cTn-T levels increased significantly after aorta declamping (especially from 2 h after aorta declamping) compared with preoperative levels (P<0.05).However,the elevations of these cytokines and enzymes were more prominent in the control group than in the PGE1 group (P<0.05). Serum IL-10 concentration increased significantly from 2 h after aorta declamping compared with preoperative value (P<0.05); but there were no differences between the two groups. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were correlated with CK-MB and cTn-T concentrations (r2=0.40, r2=0.38 P>0.05 and r2=0.56, r2=0.14; P>0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONDuring cardiac surgery (mitral valve replacement) PGE1 may suppressed the production of IL-6, IL-8 but not IL-10, which may be related to its myocardial protection effect.

Alprostadil ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Mitral Valve ; surgery ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; surgery ; Troponin T ; blood

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the cytokine released from the white blood cells (WBC) in the stored platelet concentrates may induce febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of cytokine on platelet activation. METHODS: The platelets from healthy donors were incubated with interleukin (IL) at the final concentration of IL-8 0.5 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL, and IL-6 0.1 ng/mL, 0.5 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, respectively. The activated platelets were stained with monoclonal antibodies of PAC-1 and CD62, and were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The ranges of mean percent of PAC-1 and CD62 expressions on platelets were 61.1-71.4% and 9.0-12.5% by incubating with IL-8, and 69.0-73.4% and 13.0-13.9% with IL-6, respectively. There were no significant differences of PAC-1 and CD62 expressions on platelets among the various concentrations of IL-8 nor IL-6. In 0.5 ng/mL concentration, the mean percentage of CD62 expressions on platelets by incubating with IL-6 (13.8%) were greater than that of IL-8 (9.0%). CONCLUSION: During the period of the storage of platelet concentrates, the IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by WBC can activate platelets and thus the suppression of the cytokine secretion may be important for increasing post-transfusional survival of platelets.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Platelets* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Leukocytes ; Platelet Activation* ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective role of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and its influence on inflammatory cytokine production.

METHODSIn vivo I/R injury of rabbit was induced by blocking hilum of the left lung. The wet/dry ratio of the lung, lung permeability index and neutrophils percentage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected as indexes of the lung injury. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective role of IPC and its influence on inflammatory cytokine production were observed.

RESULTSThe wet/dry ratio of the lung, lung permeability index and neutrophils percentage in BALF of I/R group were 9.73 +/- 1.14, (41.62 +/- 5.77) x 10(-4) and (58.1 +/- 10.0)% respectively. The IPC group indexes were 6.23 +/- 0.69, (20.31 +/- 4.03) x 10(-4) and (23.8 +/- 5.2)% respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8 of I/R group were (0.9078 +/- 0.1062), (0.2137 +/- 0.0598) and (0.7211 +/- 0.0979) ng/ml respectively. The IPC group indexes were (0.7478 +/- 0.0843), (0.1271 +/- 0.0089) and (0.5903 +/- 0.0746) ng/ml respectively, significantly lower than that of I/R group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSLung IPC has a marked protection effect against I/R injury. The effect was related to its inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8, thus reducing activation and infiltration of neutrophils.

Animals ; Cytokines ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Lung ; blood supply ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; pharmacology ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Middle Aged

It is generally agreed that euthyroid sick syndromes (ESS) are associated with an increased production of cytokines. However, there has been scarce data on the relationship thyroid hormone changes and cytokines among the patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Because interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been identified as a potent proinflammatory and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as an antiinflammatory cytokine, we studied the relation between thyroid hormone parameters and these cytokines following BMT. We studied 80 patients undergoing allogeneic BMT. Serum T3 decreased to nadir at post-BMT 3 weeks. Serum T4 was the lowest at the post-BMT 3 months. Serum TSH sharply decreased to nadir at 1 week and gradually recovered. Serum free T4 significantly increased during 3 weeks and then returned to basal level. Mean levels of serum IL-8 significantly increased at 1 week after BMT. Mean levels of serum IL-10 significantly increased until 4 weeks after BMT. No significant correlation was found between serum thyroid hormone parameters and cytokines (IL-8, IL-10) after adjusting steroid doses during the entire study period. In conclusion, ESS developed frequently following allogeneic BMT and cytokine levels were increased in post-BMT patients. However, no significant correlation was found between serum thyroid hormone parameters and these cytokines.
Adult ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/*blood ; Interleukin-8/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroxine/blood ; Time Factors ; Triiodothyronine/blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate serum cytokine concentrations in children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to investigate the effects of OSA treatment on cytokines.

MATERIALS AND METHODSConsecutive children with habitual snoring and symptoms suggestive of OSA were recruited. They completed a sleep apnoea symptom questionnaire, underwent physical examination and overnight polysomnography (PSG). OSA was diagnosed if obstructive apnoea index (OAI) >1. A blood sample was collected for analysis of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha after PSG.

RESULTSOne hundred forty-two children (97 males) with a median (IQR) age of 11.1 years (9.0-12.8) were recruited. The commonest presenting symptoms were nocturnal mouth breathing, prone sleeping position and poor attention at school. Forty-seven children were found to have OSA and they had higher serum IL-6 [0.1 (0.1-0.4) vs 0.1 (0.1-0.1) pg/mL, P = 0.001] and IL-8 [1.7 (1.0-2.3) vs 1.3 (0.9-1.7) pg/mL, P = 0.029] concentrations compared to their non-OSA counterparts. Multiple regression analysis indicated that OAI was significantly associated with both IL-6 (r = 0.351, P <0.001) and IL-8 (r = 0.266, P = 0.002). Sixteen children underwent treatment and there was significant reduction in mean (SD) serum IL-8 after intervention [pre vs post levels of 1.9 (1.0) vs 1.1 (0.6) pg/mL, P = 0.001] independent of weight loss.

CONCLUSIONChildren with OSA had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that normalised following treatment suggesting that the inflammatory response is potentially reversible. Early detection and intervention may be beneficial.

Child ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

BACKGROUNDPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder with delayed or chronic onset caused by unusual, threatening, or disastrous psychological trauma, and it is an important manifestation of post-disaster mental and behavioral disorders. Studies have shown that IL-6 is a cytokine associated with PTSD occurrence. This study aimed to explore the role of cytokine and ethnicity in the pathogenesis of PTSD by examining levels of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and cortisol in PTSD patients of Li and Han ethnic groups.

METHODSLevels of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and cortisol were examined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed by PCL-C scale among 30 PTSD patients of Han ethnicity and 30 of Li ethnicity, and compared with 30 normal controls of Han and Li ethnicity, respectively.

RESULTSPTSD patients of Li ethnicity scored higher than PTSD patients of Han ethnicity, and normal controls of Li and Han ethnic groups in each of the re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms. The differences reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). In PTSD patients of Li ethnicity compared to patients of Han ethnicity and normal controls of either Li or Han ethnicity, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were higher, and the level of cortisol was lower.

CONCLUSIONSThere are ethnic differences in re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms among PTSD patients. The levels of serum cortisol and cytokines are strongly associated with the race.

Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood