Interleukin-8 is CXC chemokine that is initially discovered using chemotaxis and the activation of neutrophils and induces the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Interleukin-8 is a potent angiogenic factor that may play a role in atherosclerosis. To establish the temporal correlation between IL-8 expression and plaque development, we examined the expression during atherosclerosis of hyperlipemia rabbits using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, in situ hybridization. By location of immunohistochemistry, the expression of IL-8 protein increased obviously in intima of hyperlipemia rabbits at 8 and 12 week. Quantitative analysis of the expression of IL-8 Immunohistochemistry indicated that positive area of AS model was 4.48 times and 8.76 times that of control group at 8 and 12 week. The valuation of IOD of AS model was 4.16 times and 4.36 times that of control group at 8 and 12 week. By specific ELISA, the ratio of the IL-8 protein to total protein of AS model was 1.84 times and 2.06 times that of control group at 8 and 12 week. By location of in situ hybridization, positive location was strong in intima of hyperlipemia rabbits at 8 week. We observed the dynamic alteration of interleukin-8 protein and gene expression in atherosclerotic lesions of hyperlipemia rabbits with establishing model. Interleukin-8 protein and gene expression was up-regulation in the development of fatty streaks in hyperlipemia rabbit.
Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rabbits

To investigate if nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) p65 antisense oligonucleotides might affect the expression of NF-kappa B p65 and cytokines in lamina propria mononuclear cells(LPMC) from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). LPMC were isolated from intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens from 3 patients with UC, and cultured with or without NF-kappa B p65 antisense oligonucleotides (5'-GGAACAGTTCGTCCTATGG-3'), missense oligonucleotides (5'-GGAACAGTTCGTCTATGG-3') and dexamethasone. NF-kappa B p65 expression was determined by western blot analysis. The expression of cytokine mRNA was studied by reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cytokine levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that NF-kappa B p65 antisense oligonucleotides resulted in down-regulation of NF-kappa B p65 expression, blocked the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and IL-8 mRNA, and strikingly reduced the production of IL-1 beta and IL-8, and these effects were greater than those of dexamethasone in cultured LPMC from patients with UC(P < 0.05). Therefore, the application of NF-kappa B p65 antisense oligonucleotides may serve as a novel molecular approach for the treatment of patients with UC.
Cells, Cultured ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis

Fluid shear stress plays an important role in vascular biology. In vivo, endothelial cells are continuously exposed to mechanical shear stress generated by the flowing blood. Previous studies have identified the exposure of vascular endothelial cells to fluid mechanical forces can modulate the expression of many genes involved in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. To investigate the role of fluid shear stress on IL-8 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we employed quantitative reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assay the expression of IL-8 mRNA. Here we show that IL-8 mRNA did not express in HUVECs untreated with fluid shear stress. IL-8 mRNA expression increased when HUVECs exposed to fluid shear stress for 1 h, and it reached the summit when HUVECs exposed to fluid shear stress for 2 h. Then IL-8 expression gradually decreased at 3 h of stimulation by shear stress and remained at a constant level throughout the time course of the study. The increase of IL-8 expression by shear stress was time-dependent. The biphasic response of IL-8 gene expression was found in experiments in which the applied shear stress was 2.23 dyne/cm2, 4.20 dyne/cm2, or 6.08 dyne/cm2. IL-8 gene expression in response to shear stress was very similar to NF-kappa B in response to shear stress. The induction of IL-8 gene expression by fluid shear stress is probably due to the activation of NF-kappa B. This in vitro study demonstrates the expression of IL-8 gene can be regulated by shear stress. Fluid shear stress induces a biphasic response of human IL-8 gene expression in HUVECs. These considerations suggest that IL-8 expression induced by fluid shear stress in HUVECs may play an important role in the genesis and development of both inflammation and arterioatherosclerosis.
Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stress, Mechanical

Fluid shear stress plays a key role in many physiological activities and pathological processes of the cardiovascular diseases. In vivo, endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic force which can modulate structure and function of ECs. Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-8 protein production in endothelial cells was modulated by fluid shear stress, and IL-8 protein production induced by fluid shear stress was time-dependent. In order to identify the role of intensity of fluid shear stress on IL-8 protein production of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we had HUVECs exposed to shear stress 2.09, 4.61, 6.19, 8.51, 10.50, 12.59, 14.41, 17.22, 18.32 dyne/cm2 respectively and employed quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the IL-8 protein. Here we show that HUVECs untreated with fluid shear stress secreted very little IL-8 in culture media. The IL-8 protein production induced by shear stress was force intensity-dependent. After HUVECs being subjected to low fluid shear stress (2.09 dyne/cm2) for 5 h or 6 h, IL-8 protein production increased and was nearly 6 times or 7 times over that of HUVECs subjected to high fluid shear stress (18.32 dyne/cm2). The linear regression equations between IL-8 protein production (y) and shear stress (dyne/cm2, x) are y=760.12-36.06x, gamma=-0.978 (for 5 h); y=781.87-36.66x, gamma=-0.980 (for 6 h). This in vitro study demonstrates that the production of IL-8 can be regulated by fluid shear stress, and the production of IL-8 induced by shear stress is not only time-dependent but also force intensity-dependent. These observations suggest that the low fluid shear stress induces much more IL-8 secretion, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of both inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pulsatile Flow ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

This study sought to elucidate whether Rac1 mediates the migration of endothelial cell induced by IL-8. The Transwell chamber motility assay was conducted to disclose the effect of different matrigel dilution and different time of IL-8 treatment on the migration of endothelial cells. The mRNA of Rac1 was detected by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that when the concentration of Matrigel was 1:2, there is significant difference on the amounts of migration cells than that of the concentration of 1:3 or 1:8; When the dilution of Matrigel was 1:4, 1:5 or 1:6, there is no significant difference on the amounts of migration cells than that of other dilution groups. So we choose the Matrigel concentration as 1:4. With the increase of IL-8 stimulation time, the cells which migrated from upper reservoirs to lower reservoirs progressively increased. After six hours stimulation by IL-8, the expression of Rac1 mRNA in migrated cells was increased, compared with that of other groups. The results suggest that Rac1 may mediate the migration of endothelial cells induced by IL-8. It can also be the foundation for further investigation on the role of Rac1 in the migration of endothelial cells induced by IL-8.
Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the microvessel counts and the expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 ( MIP-1) alpha mRNA in the pathological scar tissues. METHODS: Immunohistochemical method of avidin-biotin complex was used for microvessel counts on the routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of specimens of hypertrophic scars, keloids, normal skin, and surgical scar, and in situ hybridization for the expressions of IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha mRNA. RESULTS: The microvessel counts as well as the positive rates and the scorings of IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha mRNA were significantly higher in pathological scars than those in the normal skin and surgical scar (all P < 0.05). The microvessel counts were significantly higher in the positive cases of IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha mRNA than those in the negative ones (P < 0.05). The close positive correlations were found among the microvessel counts and the expressive scorings of 3 factors (P < 0.05). The close positive correlations were also found among the expressive scorings of IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha mRNA in pathological scars. Microvessel counts were significantly higher in hypertrophic scars with the course less than 1 year than those with the course more than 1 year. CONCLUSION IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha play important roles in promoting the neovascularization of pathological scars.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; complications ; Capillaries ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Cicatrix ; etiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Skin ; blood supply

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions and the significance of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the remnant stomach.

METHODSFifty-eight patients with gastrectomy were examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Two biopsy specimens were obtained from the stoma and the upper corpus gastric mucosa in the remnant stomach. mRNA was extracted from biopsy specimens to measure the IL-8 and COX-2 gene mRNA levels by real-time PCR method.

RESULTSIL-8 and COX-2 levels were higher in stoma than in corpus, IL-8 levels in BI anastomosis were significantly higher in stoma than in corpus (P< 0.05). In Hp-negative patients, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in stoma were significantly higher in BII anastomosis than in BI anastomosis (P < 0.05). In Hp-positive patients, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in stoma showed no significant differences between BII anastomosis and BI anastomosis. In corpus, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in Hp-positive patients were significantly higher than those in Hp-negative patients, (P < 0.05), including in BI anastomosis and in BII anastomosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe risk of the secondary stomach carcinogenesis in stoma after distal gastrectomy is higher than that in corpus; The types of anastomosis may influence the risk for the secondary stomach carcinogenesis in the remnant stomach mucosa.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Gastric Stump ; surgery ; Gastroenterostomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; etiology

BACKGROUNDLipopolysaccharide (LPS) forms outer membrane of the wall of Gram-negative cells. LPS can directly cause damage to epithelia of respiratory tract and is the major factor responsible for the chronic inflammation of respiratory passage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway of the airway epithelia is intimately associated with the action of LPS. The chronic inflammation of respiratory tract and smoking are interrelated and entwined in the development and progression of chronic lung diseases. This study was designed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and LPS on MAPK signal transduction pathway in order to further understand the roles CSE and LPS play in chronic lung inflammation.

METHODSCultured primary human epithelial cells of airway were divided into four groups according to the stimulants used: blank control group, LPS-stimulation group, CSE-stimulation group and CSE plus LPS group. Western blotting was employed for the detection of phosphorylation level of extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK(1/2)), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The expression of cytokines of MAPK transduction pathway (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and mRNA of IL-8) in the primary epithelial cells of respiratory tract was also determined.

RESULTSWestern blotting revealed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK(1/2), p38 MAPK and JNK were low and 2 hours after the LPS stimulation, the phosphorylation of ERK(1/2), p38 MAPK and JNK were all increased. There was a significant difference in the phosphorylation between the LPS-stimulation group and blank control group (P < 0.05); no significant difference was found between CSE-stimulation group and blank control group (P > 0.05); there was a significant difference between CSE + LPS group and blank control group and between CSE + LPS group and LPS group (P < 0.05). The phosphorylation of CSE-LPS group was higher than that of blank control group but lower than that of LPS group. In blank control group, the expression of IL-8 and GM-CSF mRNA was low in the epithelial cells of airway and the release of IL-8 and GM-CSF was also at a low level. One hour after LPS stimulation, the level of IL-8 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) and reached a peak after 2 hours. On the other hand, GM-CSF mRNA level increased 2 hours after the stimulation (P < 0.05) and reached the highest level 4 hours after the stimulation. Two hours after LPS stimulation, IL-8 and GM-CSF protein level began to rise (P < 0.05), and the level was the highest 8 hours after the stimulation (P < 0.01). Stimulation with CSE alone had no effect on the release of IL-8 and GM-CSF and expression of IL-8 mRNA (P > 0.05), but pre-treatment with CSE could delay the LPS-induced release of IL-8 and GM-CSF and the expression of IL-8 mRNA and its peak was lower.

CONCLUSIONSLPS stimulation can significantly increase the phosphorylation of ERK(1/2), p38 MAPK and JNK in the epithelial cells of airway and activate the MAPK transduction pathway, thereby can activate the downstream signal transduction pathway, and can ultimately result in the release of cytokines by the epithelial cells of airway. CSE can partially abolish the LPS-induced activation of MAPK signal transduction pathway and the expression of cytokines of the pathway, which might contribute to the development and progression of the inflammatory reactions in COPD patients.

Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Smoke ; Tobacco

Fluid shear stress plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular system. It modulates vascular function and structure via stimulating mechanosensitive endothelial cell signal events. Previous studies have identified that the exposure of vascular endothelial cells to fluid mechanical forces can modulate the expressions of many genes, including IL-8 gene. In order to gain an insight into the role of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signal pathway in the expression of IL-8 mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under the stimulation by low shear stress (4.20 dyne/cm2), we employed Western blot to measure phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and used quantitative reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assay the expression of IL-8 mRNA. The results showed: (1) Shear stress could activate ERK1/2 with a rapid, biphasic time course (maximum by 10 min and basal by 2 h); the treatment of HUVECs with Genistein (a highly specific inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinase, TPK) or PD98059 (the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase kinase, MEK) culd prevent shear-dependent activation of ERK1/2; (2) When treated with Genistein or PD98059, significant inhibition of IL-8 mRNA expression induced by low shear stress was observed in HUVECs. This in vitro study demonstrates that ERK1/2 plays an important role in IL-8 mRNA expression induced by low shear stress.
Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and trefoil family factor 1 (TFF1) in the remnant stomach mucosa.

METHODSPatients after gastrectomy were examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from stoma and the greater curvature of the upper corpus to be assessed for Hp (by H.E. and Giemsa staining) and conduct real-time semi-quantitative PCR. mRNA was extracted from the biopsy specimens to determine the IL-8, COX-2 and TFF1 gene mRNA levels by real-time PCR method.

RESULTSIn the stoma, COX-2 level in Hp-positive patients was significantly higher than that in Hp-negative patients, but the difference of IL-8 levels between them was not significant. In the corpus, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in Hp-positive patients were significantly higher than those in Hp-negative patients. In Hp-negative patients, IL-8 and COX-2 levels in the stoma were significantly higher in B II anastomosis than in B I anastomosis cases; COX-2 level in the stoma was significantly higher in B II anastomosis than in B I anastomosis cases, but the difference of IL-8 levels between them was not significant. TFF1 level in the remnant stomach mucosa showed no significant difference between Hp-positive and Hp-negative patients.

CONCLUSIONHp infection and bile reflux are important risk factors for the secondary stomach carcinogenesis. Expression of IL-8 and COX-2 in the remnant stomach mucosa is related to the risk of secondary stomach carcinogenesis. The relationship between the TFF1 expression and secondary stomach carcinogenesis in the remnant stomach mucosa is still unclear and should further be studied.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gastric Stump ; Helicobacter Infections ; metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology ; surgery ; Trefoil Factor-1 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics