2.The study on the interleukin-8 (IL-8).
Wensheng ZHANG ; Huaiqing CHEN
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2002;19(4):697-702
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is a member of C-X-C chemokine subfamily, is an important activator and chemoattractant for neutrophils and has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Numerous reports show that various cells express IL-8 mRNA and produce IL-8 protein rapidly, including monocytes, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. The human IL-8 gene has a length of 5191 bp and contains four exons separated by three introns. It maps to human chromosome 4q12-q21. The mRNA consists of a 101 bases 5' untranslated region, an open reading frame of 297 bases, and a long 3' untranslated region of 1.2 kb. The 5' flanking region of the IL-8 gene contains potential binding sites for several nuclear factors including activated protein-1 (AP-1), activated protein-2 (AP-2), nuclear factor-gene binding (NF-kappa B), nuclear factor-interleukin-6 (NF-IL-6, also calls CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, C/EBP), IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1), and so on. IL-8 gene expression is regulated initially at the level of gene transcription. The rapid induction of IL-8 gene expression is likely mediated by latent transcription factors that bind the IL-8 promoter. AP-1 and NF-IL-6 physically interact with NF-kappa B, and functional cooperativity among these factors appears to be critical for optimal IL-8 promoter activity in different cell types. The IL-8 receptor (IL-8R) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of a 59 KDa and a 67 KDa subunit. It has been given the name CDw128. It is expressed in many different cell types including those not responding to IL-8. The receptor density is approximately 20,000/cell in neutrophils, 1,040/cell in monocytes, and 300/cell in T-lymphocytes. The IL-8R is a member of the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. There are at least two different IL-8 receptor types (CXCR1 and CXCR2). The activities of IL-8 are not species-specific. IL-8 affects the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium and induces the transendothelial migration of neutrophils. IL-8 also exhibits in vitro chemotactic activities against of T-lymphocytes and basophils. IL-8 gene expression can be regulated by fluid shear stress, which may play an important role in the genesis and development of both inflammation and arterosclerosis.
Gene Expression Regulation
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Interleukin-8
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chemistry
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genetics
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physiology
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Receptors, Interleukin
3.Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks
Dulshara Sachini AMARASEKARA ; Hyeongseok YUN ; Sumi KIM ; Nari LEE ; Hyunjong KIM ; Jaerang RHO
Immune Network 2018;18(1):e8-
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand play a central role in OC differentiation, which is also termed osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-34, promote OC differentiation, whereas anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and IL-33, downregulate OC differentiation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines is important in maintaining the balance between bone-resorbing OCs and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs), which eventually affects bone integrity. This review outlines the osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic properties of cytokines with regard to osteoimmunology, and summarizes our current understanding of the roles these cytokines play in osteoclastogenesis.
Cytokines
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Homeostasis
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Interferons
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Interleukin-1
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Interleukin-10
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Interleukin-11
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Interleukin-12
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Interleukin-15
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Interleukin-17
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Interleukin-23
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Interleukin-27
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Interleukin-3
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Interleukin-33
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Interleukin-4
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Interleukin-6
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Interleukin-7
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Interleukin-8
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Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
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Necrosis
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Osteoblasts
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Osteoclasts
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RANK Ligand
4.Lipopolysaccharide-induced Production of Interleukin-8 by Cultured Human Keratocyte.
Sang Joon LEE ; Dong Jun LEE ; Young Ho HAHN
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2000;41(10):2051-2059
The authors performed an experiment to determine if human corneal keratocytes release IL-8 after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human corneal keratocytes were isolated from human corneal buttoms and grown independently in vitro. Cultured keratocytes were treated with various concentrations of LPS (0.01, 0.1 1, 10 microgram/ml). At 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the stimulation with LPS, culture supernatants were aspirated and frozen. Supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-8 content. Exposure of corneal keratocytes to LPS induced IL-8 production. Initially, the secretion of IL-8 was detected at 6 hours and increased upto 48 hours. Between 12 and 24 hours, the IL-8 was increased rapidly. At 6 and 12 hours, keratocytes exposed to 10 microgram / ml LPS produced more IL-8 than those exposed to other concentrations of LPS. In this study, the ability of corneal keratocytes to produce IL-8 upto 48 hours suggests that these cells can play important roles in the induction of the inflammatory response in cornea.
Cornea
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Corneal Keratocytes
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Humans*
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Interleukin-8*
5.Detection and measurement of interleukin-8 in peri-implant crevicular fluid.
De-rong ZOU ; Hong ZHU ; Xiao-hui QU
West China Journal of Stomatology 2005;23(4):292-294
OBJECTIVEGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis of various inflammatory mediators has been investigated as a means of providing objective criteria of peri-implant tissue health. In this report, the crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), GCF volume and clinical parameters were studied.
METHODSGCF was sampled from 35 healthy and 35 inflamed sites of implantation patients. IL-8 levels were analysed using ABC-ELISA. Clinical parameters were measured, and data analysis was performed using the software package SPSS10.0.
RESULTSSignificant difference was observed between healthy implant sites and peri-implantitis sites. GCF volume was positively correlated with PD, PI, GI and MOB. The total amount of IL-8 was positively correlated with PD and GI.
CONCLUSIONThis investigation suggested that GCF volume and IL-8 cytokine may be of value as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for peri-implantitis.
Dental Implants ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Prostheses and Implants
6.Pathogenesis of Castleman's Disease.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2016;38(1):118-121
Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that comprises at least two distinct clinical subtypes (unicentric and multicentric). Three pathologic variants (hyaline vascular variant, plasma cell variant, and mixed variant) have been recognized. In addition to interleukin-6 and human herpes virus 8, some other cytokines and viruses may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CD. This review summarizes the recent advances in the underlying pathogenesis of CD, with an attempt to provide evidence for new treatment options that may change the current treatment strategies and improve patients' outcomes.
Castleman Disease
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Herpesvirus 8, Human
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Humans
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Interleukin-6
7.Elevated serum interleukin 15 (IL-15) in Behcet's disease.
Kyung Su PARK ; So Youn MIN ; Mi La CHO ; Chong Hyeon YOON ; Yong Ju KIM ; Jong Seo PARK ; Jin Jung CHOI ; Wan Uk KIM ; Do June MIN ; Youn Sik HONG ; Jun Ki MIN ; Sung Hwan PARK ; Chul Soo CHO ; Ho Youn KIM
The Journal of the Korean Rheumatism Association 2002;9(2):117-123
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical significance of interleukin 15 (IL-15) in patients with Behcet's disease (BD). METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 31 patients with BD and 29 healthy controls. BD patients were divided into active and inactive group according to the presence of clinical manifestations on the day of sampling. Serum levels of IL-15 and IL-8 were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Serum levels of IL-15 and IL-8 were significantly higher in BD patients than in healthy controls (117.2+/-26.2 pg/ml versus 51.8+/-15.4 pg/ml, p<0.01, 287.7+/-100.9 pg/ml versus 138.5+/-17.2 pg/ml, p<0.01, respectively). There was a significant correlation between serum levels of IL-15 and IL-8 IL-15 levels compared with those without it (161.1+/-68.8 pg/ml versus 96.4+/-3 4 . 8pg/ml, p<0.05). Serum levels of IL-15 and IL-8 tended to be higher in active group than in inactive group, but didn't reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Serum level of IL-15 was elevated in patients with BD, especially those with uveitis, but it did not seem to be useful as a marker of disease activity in BD.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Humans
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Interleukin-15*
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Interleukin-8
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Interleukins*
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Uveitis
8.Effect of ulinastatin on cytokine reaction during gastrectomy.
Ji Hun PARK ; Sang Hyun KWAK ; Cheol Won JEONG ; Hong Beom BAE ; Seok Jai KIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2010;58(4):334-337
BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in the postoperative morbidity of organs, which is related to the activation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Ulinastatin (Urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) is a serine protease inhibitor found in human urine or serum that inhibits the activation of human leukocyte elastase. This study examined the effect of UTI on the inflammation response in patients undergoing a gastrectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled to undergo a gastrectomy were divided into two groups as follows: Control group (untreated, n = 15) and UTI group (100,000 units of UTI were continuously injected intravenously for 2 hours, n = 15). Arterial blood was sampled before surgery (T0), 10 minutes after its onset (T1), at its end (T2), and 1 hour after surgery (T3) to measure the level of cytokines. RESULTS: Both the control and treatment groups had higher interleukin (IL)-6 levels at T2 and T3 than T0, and the level increased with time. However, the increase was smaller in the treatment group. The IL-8 levels were not activated significantly in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: UTI inhibits the secretion of IL-6, which is an inflammatory cytokine produced after a gastrectomy. This shows that UTI can decrease the inflammation reaction caused by surgical stress.
Cytokines
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Gastrectomy
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Glycoproteins
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Humans
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Inflammation
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Interleukin-6
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Interleukin-8
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Interleukins
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Leukocyte Elastase
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Serine Proteases
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Trypsin
9.The change of expression of interleukin-6 and -8 after the application of the static compressive pressure on the fibroblast originated from the periodontal ligaments.
Yeon Hee LEE ; Seong Gon KIM ; Dong Seok NAHM
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2006;32(5):426-429
The fibroblast in the periodontal ligaments received various stress. Among them, compression and tension are quite important and they are related to the remodeling of tooth and alveolar bone. We studied the change of expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In results, the relative activity of IL-6 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.54+/-0.08 and 1.00+/-0.05 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23+/-0.06 and 2.78+/-0.14 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The relative activity of IL-8 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.00+/-0.05 and 0.24+/-0.01 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23+/-0.06 and 0.63+/-0.03 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of IL-6 was 1.02+/-0.16 ng/ml, 0.90+/-0.14 ng/ml, and 1.32+/-0.12 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. The concentration of IL-8 was 2.26+/-0.17 ng/ml, 1.70+/-0.26 ng/ml (P<0.05), and 0.84+/-0.47 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased after the application of the static compressive force, but IL-8 was significantly decreased. Considering their known function, their expression is quite important in tooth and bone resorption.
Bone Resorption
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Fibroblasts*
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Interleukin-6*
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Interleukin-8
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Periodontal Ligament*
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RNA, Messenger
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Tooth
10.Porphyromonas gingivalis induced interleukin-6 expression by Nod/Rip2-mediated signaling pathway.
Qian WANG ; Shi-gao LUO ; Yu LU ; Lan ZHANG ; Xue-dong ZHOU ; Ding-ming HUANG
West China Journal of Stomatology 2009;27(1):37-40
OBJECTIVETo investigate into the signaling pathway of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) on cytokine expression in human dental pulp cells (HDPC).
METHODSAnaerobic method was employed to culture P. gingivalis, and then HDPC were intracellularly infected by P. gingivalis. The extraction of total RNA, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for mRNA expression of Nods and Rip2, protein secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
RESULTSHDPC expressed Nods, Rip2 mRNA and IL-6. The up-regulation of Nods and Rip2 mRNA started after P. gingivalis infection, reached maximal level at 2 h, and then decreased at 6 h; whereas elevated IL-6 was found when P. gingivalis infected.
CONCLUSIONP. gingivalis activate host innate immune responses in HDPC, and induce IL-6 production through Nod/Rip2-mediated signaling pathway.
Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; RNA, Messenger ; Up-Regulation