OBJECTIVETo evaluate the changes in the expressions of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) in blood serum of the patients after total hip replacement (THR).

METHODSFrom February 2010 to June 2010, thirty patients undergone primary total hip arthroplasty in one side including 18 male and 12 female with the mean age of (58.4 +/- 6.6) years (ranged from 52 to 70 years). Twenty patients were Ficat II type,and 10 patients were Ficat III type. The contents of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in blood serum were detected on the day before operation and 1 to 3 days after operation respectively by ELISA. At the same time, the content of C reactive protein was also detected, and the results were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe contents of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum of patients at the first day after THR were significantly higher than those before operation (t = 2.62, 3.51, 2.21, P < 0.05), and reached the peak at 1 to 3 days after operations, then subsequently decreased. However, the content of IL-2 in the serum of patients after operation was obvious lower (t = 2.16, P < 0.05),and recovered to normal level gradually.

CONCLUSIONIt is the key time of treatment at 1 to 3 days after THR. Monitoring IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 after operation in time, and monitoring life sign at the same time could sensitively observe the effect of treatment and forecast the trend of diseases in patients.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

This article reviews that as a functionally and phenotypically distict immunoregulatory T cell subpopulation, CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells can suppress the activation and proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells and CD8(+) T cells and the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. These regulatory cells play an important role in allograft tolerance, although the mechanisms are not completely understood to date. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells can be isolated, activated and expanded in vitro without loss of their immunoregulatory function. The suppressive function of activated CD4(+)CD25(+) cells is antigen non-specific. Ex vivo activated and expanded regulatory T cells have a perspective for practical use.
CD4 Antigens ; blood ; CD8 Antigens ; blood ; Cell Division ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Transplantation Tolerance ; immunology

AIMTo observe effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH) with HAES-balanced solution as diluting agent on levels of cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rabbit serum so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application.

METHODSA total of 20 healthy adult rabbits were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups (10 rabbits per group), i.e., control group (Group C) and HAES group (Group H). Under anesthesia of the rabbits, we performed incision of trachea, high-frequency jet ventilation and liberation of femoral artery and femoral veins. Group C was free from hemodilution. Group H was injected with dilution (2-fold of blood letting volume) via femoral veins during blood letting of the femoral artery. 6% HAES-steril plus compound solution of sodium lactate, with crystal/gel ratio of 2:1, blood letting volume = TBV x (Ho-Hf)/Hav. All blood was transfused back 60-120 min after blood letting. Venous blood was collected before blood letting (T0) and 30 min (T1), 60 min (T2), 120 min (T3) and 24 h(T4) after blood letting to detect Hb and Hct and measure level of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum.

RESULTSIn Group H, levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum were increased from T1 after ANH, reached peak at T3 but showed decrease at T4, with significant difference compared with Group C at T1, T2, T3 and T4 (P < 0.01) and significant difference compared with those before ANH (P <0.01). In Group C, there was no significant difference upon IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum at different time points.

CONCLUSIONANH with HAES-balanced solution as diluting agent can up-regulate the levels of cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rabbit serum. In the meantime, ANH may arouse eustress with low intensity and short action time, which exerts effect of enhancing immune function of the organisms.

Animals ; Female ; Hemodilution ; methods ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Plasma Substitutes ; administration & dosage ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cytokines in the cardiac surgical patient and to evaluate the application of combined acupuncture anesthesia to cardiac surgery.

METHODSThirty patients with atrial septal defect were divided into 3 groups, general anesthesia group (A), acupuncture anesthesia group (B) and combined general anesthesia and EA group (C). Peripheral blood samples were collected before anesthesia, before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 min after CPB and 24 h after operation to determine the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6 and IL-10.

RESULTSThe levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 decreased in the 3 groups after CPB and further decreased 24 h after operation, and in the group C were higher than those in the group B. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 significantly increased 24 h after operation in the 3 groups with no significant difference among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONThe general anesthesia combined with EA can not completely improve the decrease of IFN-gamma and IL-2 induced by CPB, indicating that the good response of the general anesthesia combined with EA to stress can partially improve the immunosupression induced by CPB. Acupuncture does not have significant effect on inflammatory cytokine reaction induced by cardiac surgery.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Silicosis ; blood ; classification ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical relevance of serum interleukin-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: One hundred and seven SLE patients and 39 healthy controls with comparable age and gender were recruited at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. Complete clinical data in 107 SLE patients at baseline and follow-up were collected. SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) was used to assess the disease activity of the SLE patients. The serum level of IL-2Rα in the SLE patients and healthy controls was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between serum IL-2Rα and clinical and laboratory parameters was investigated. Mann-Whitney U test or t test, Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The serum IL-2Rα levels were significantly higher in the SLE patients [830.82 (104.2-8 940.48) ng/L], compared with those in the healthy controls [505.1 (78.65-1 711.52) ng/L] (P < 0.001). Association analysis showed that the increased serum IL-2Rα was positively associated with SLEDAI-2K scores and anti-nucleosome antibody (r=0.357, P < 0.001; r=0.25, P=0.027, respectively). Thirty-six of 107 (33.6%) SLE patients had lupus nephritis. Serum IL-2Rα levels were significantly higher in the patients accompanied with lupus nephritis [1 102.14 (126.52-8 940.48) ng/L] than in the patients without lupus nephritis [743.89 (104.19-4 872.06) ng/L] (P=0.032). The patients in the high IL-2Rα group had more lupus nephritis compared with those in the low IL-2Rα group (40.8% vs. 19.4%, P=0.031). Meanwhile, SLEDAI-2K scores were found significantly higher in the high IL-2Rα group than in the low IL-2Rα group [10 (3-21) vs. 7 (3-16), P=0.001]. With the improvement of disease activity in the SLE patients after conventional treatments, serum levels of IL-2Rα [1 119.1 (372.25-2 608.86) ng/L] in the week 12 decreased significantly compared with the baseline [1 556.73 (373.08-8 940.48) ng/L] (P=0.042). CONCLUSION Serum IL-2Rα may be used as a biomarker of disease activity in patients with SLE. There is certain correlation between serum IL-2Rα and renal involvement in SLE.
Biomarkers/blood* ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/blood* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis*

BACKGROUNDPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder with delayed or chronic onset caused by unusual, threatening, or disastrous psychological trauma, and it is an important manifestation of post-disaster mental and behavioral disorders. Studies have shown that IL-6 is a cytokine associated with PTSD occurrence. This study aimed to explore the role of cytokine and ethnicity in the pathogenesis of PTSD by examining levels of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and cortisol in PTSD patients of Li and Han ethnic groups.

METHODSLevels of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and cortisol were examined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed by PCL-C scale among 30 PTSD patients of Han ethnicity and 30 of Li ethnicity, and compared with 30 normal controls of Han and Li ethnicity, respectively.

RESULTSPTSD patients of Li ethnicity scored higher than PTSD patients of Han ethnicity, and normal controls of Li and Han ethnic groups in each of the re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms. The differences reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). In PTSD patients of Li ethnicity compared to patients of Han ethnicity and normal controls of either Li or Han ethnicity, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were higher, and the level of cortisol was lower.

CONCLUSIONSThere are ethnic differences in re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms among PTSD patients. The levels of serum cortisol and cytokines are strongly associated with the race.

Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Bushen Huayu Composite (BSHY) on interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion and IL-2 receptor expression in the aged.

METHODSIL-2 was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method and IL-2 dependent cellular stains, IL-2 receptor expression was examined by FACS-indirect immunofluorescence.

RESULTSAging could result in the decrease in lymphocytic IL-2 secretion and IL-2 receptor expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which could be improved by BSHY (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBSHY has significant up-regulatory effect on immune function of lymphocytes in the aged.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Aged ; Aging ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in serum levels of Th1- (IL-2 and TNF-alpha) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-10) and the ratios of Th1/Th2 (IL-2/IL-10 and TNF-alpha/IL-10) in preeclampsia and in gestational hypertension.

METHODSLevels of IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were determined with radioimmunoassay in serum samples from 22 women with preeclampsia, 15 women with gestational hypertension and 32 normal term pregnant women. The Th1/Th2 ratios were calculated accordingly.

RESULTThere were no significant differences in serum levels of IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-alpha (P>0.05 for all) among normal pregnancy, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The ratio of serum IL-2/IL-10 was significantly higher in preeclampsia than that in controls (P < 0.05), and the ratio of TNF-alpha/IL-10 significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia than that in either controls or gestational hypertension (P<0.025 for both).

CONCLUSIONAlterations of serum cytokine balance with predominance of Th1 immunity were observed in preeclampsia. These associations may offer insight into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Pre-Eclampsia ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of plasma cytokines in patients with severe hepatitis treated with a probiotic preparation.

METHODSOne hundred twelve patients with severe hepatitis treated with a basic regimen were randomly divided into a probiotic preparation treatment group and a control group. Their plasma cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, were determined by conventional techniques.

RESULTSClinical symptoms of 84.5% of the treatment group were obviously improved. The treatment effectiveness in this group was better than that in the control group (X2=8.888). It showed that liver functions were significantly improved compared to those of the control group . After the probiotic preparation therapy, there were significant decreases in the concentrations of TNFa and IL-6. TNFa and IL-6 in the treatment group and in the control group were (109.4+/-14.7) pg/ml vs (128.7+/-18.8) pg/ml and (84.3+/-20.1) pg/ml vs (109.1+/-18.7) pg/ml respectively. However, the concentrations of IL-10 and IL-2 in the treatment group increased obviously: IL-2 was (59.8+/-12.2) pg/ml vs (47.1+/-6.7) pg/ml and IL-10 was (30.6+/-6.6) pg/ml vs (22.5+/-6.1) pg/ml.

CONCLUSIONThe probiotic preparation treatment effectively reduces the TNFa and IL-6 and increases the concentrations of IL-10 and IL-2 in the blood of the patients with severe hepatitis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis ; blood ; therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult