Sparganosis is a tissue invading helminthiasis infecting intermediate hosts, including humans. Strong immune responses are expected to occur in early phases of infection. Thus, we investigated cytokine expressions in splenic dendritic cells and in sera after experimental infection of mice. In splenic dendritic cells, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression peaked at week 1 and week 3 post-infection (PI), respectively, and also early phase (week 2 PI) depressed cytokine expression was noticed. Serum IL-1beta concentration increased significantly at week 2 PI and peaked at week 6 PI, and that of TNF-alpha peaked at week 6 PI. These results showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, are chronologically regulated in mouse sparganosis.
Animals ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-1beta/*blood/*secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rodent Diseases/immunology ; Serum/chemistry ; Sparganosis/*immunology ; Spleen/*immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*blood/*secretion

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of liraglutide on the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and apoptotic factor caspase-3 expression in the pancreatic islets of OLETF rats with impaired glucose tolerance.

METHODSTwelve-week-old OLETF rats were randomized into 4 groups and received intraperitoneal injections of saline or liraglutide at 50, 100, or 200 µg/kg twice daily for 12 weeks. Eight LETO rats served as the normal control group and received saline injection. After the treatments, the rats were examined for fasting and 30 min plasma insulin during OGTT test, and the expression levels of IL-1β and caspase-3 mRNA and protein in the pancreatic islets were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the saline group, liraglutide significantly decreased the expressions of IL-1β and caspase-3 mRNA and protein, and significantly improved the blood glucose, islet β function and early-phase insulin secretion index in OLETF rats.

CONCLUSIONSLiraglutide can improve islet function and glucose metabolism partially by inhibiting islet IL-1β expression to delay or prevent the development of diabetes in OLETF rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; secretion ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans ; metabolism ; Liraglutide ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF

To observe the effects of phenylallyl compounds on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd. 3) stimulated by IL-1beta, and to analyze their structure-activity relationship. Different concentrations of phenylallyl compounds were added separately, and the content of PGE2 induced by IL-1beta in the culture media was measured by ELISA assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PGE2 was calculated. Studies showed that phenylallyl compounds could affect the PGE2 release differently in bEnd. 3 cells induced by IL-1beta. Close relationships were shown between the inhibitory activities and the location and number of the substituent groups. In conclusion, phenylallyl compounds exhibited inhibitory activities at different extent on PGE2 release in bEnd. 3 cells stimulated by IL-1beta and presented certain structure-activity relationship.
Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; Cells, Cultured ; Cinnamates ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; antagonists & inhibitors ; secretion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Microvessels ; cytology ; Propanols ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship