Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; immunology ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patterns of serial serum interleukin-6(IL-6) concentrations after initial successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and to access differences in serum IL16 concentrations in patients with Cerebral Performance Category(CPC, 1-2) and CPC(3-5) at the 5th day after cardiacpulmonary resuscitation(CPR). METHODS: We studied prospectively 12 patients with spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Venous blood samples were taken 2,4,12,24,48 and 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation to measure serum IL-6 levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum IL-6 concentrations in the severe neurologically disabled group(CPC, 3-5) were significantly increased at 2, 24 and 48 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation compared with the less neurolgically disabled group. Also, serum IL-6 concentrations in the severe neurologic disabled group showed dual peak at 4 and 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates significant incense of seam IL-6 in patients with CPC(3-5) after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the significant correlation between early increase of serum IL-6 and poor neurologic outcome. It suggests that early increase of serum IL-6 can be used as a prognostic marker after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; Interleukin-6* ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition of the hair follicle, resulting in bald patches. The details of the pathogenesis of AA still remain unclear. However, several recent studies have indicated that AA is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which T cells (especially CD8+T cells), as well as certain cytokines (especially Th1 cytokines, IL-1, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha) may play an important role in its development. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the cytokine response in the peripheral blood of patients with AA, before and after treatment. METHODS: Twenty one active AA patients and 10 healthy people were evaluated in this study. The levels of 3 cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-16, in all subjects were measured at the first visit and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: The levels of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-16 in the AA group were significantly elevated (p<0.05) compared to the normal control group. The level of IFN-gamma showed an excellent response to treatment (hair regrowth>75%), and was decreased in comparision to the level before treatment (p=0.003). There was no difference in the cytokine levels after PUVA, DPCP, or a combination therapy of PUVA and DPCP (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest the involvement of IFN-gamma in the AA process. Also, IFN-gamma could be a potential marker for treatment. Even though different treatments have different mechanisms, IFN-gamma is considered to be a common pathway for alopecia areata treatment.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cytokines ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-16* ; T-Lymphocytes

Asthma ; etiology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; genetics ; physiology ; Leukotriene C4 ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of interleukine-16 (IL-16) in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of IL-16 in peritoneal fluid and serum specimens of 22 women with different stage endometriosis and 22 controls.

RESULTSThe median levels of IL-16 in peritoneal fluid and serum were 290.5 pg/ml and 539.4 pg/ml in women with endometriosis, and 296.6 pg/ml and 778.1 pg/ml in controls, respectively; there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). However, the IL-16 levels in peritoneal fluid and serum of patients with minimal/mild stage endometriosis and controls were all significantly higher than those of patients with moderate/severe endometriosis (P<0.01, <0.05). In addition, there was no statistical correlation of peritoneal IL-16 levels with those in serum (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONReduced levels of IL-16 in peritoneal fluid and serum of women with advanced stage endometriosis may imply a role of IL-16 in the development and progression of endometriosis.

Adult ; Ascitic Fluid ; chemistry ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; analysis ; blood ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVEThis study examined the changes of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins and the correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma and aimed to explore the role of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of asthma.

METHODSThirty-four children with asthma and 21 age and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined using ELISA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected by immunoturbidimetry.

RESULTSThe levels of IL-16, IL-18 and IgE in patients with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. An increased IgG and a decreased IgA levels were found in asthmatic patients at the acute attack stage. There was a positive correlation between the IL-16 and IL-18 levels at both acute attack and convalescence stages of asthma (r=0.70, P < 0.01; r=0.70, P < 0.05). The IL-16 level correlated positively with the IgE level at acute attack stage of asthma (r=0.624, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIL-16, IL-18 and IgE may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The immunologic imbalance exists in children with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages. Anti-allergic therapy should be administered through the acute attack to the convalescence stages of asthma.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Interleukin-16 ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Male

OBJECTIVETo identify the differential expressions of serum cytokines between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and provide proteomic evidence for the early diagnosis of PCa.

METHODSWe used human cytokine array to determine the profiles of the serum cytokines obtained from 6 PCa and 6 BPH patients with the PSA level within the grey scale of 4 - 10 ng/ml.

RESULTSWe identified 19 differentially expressed cytokines in the PCa patients, 16 obviously up-regulated, including IL-3, IL-6 and IL-16, and 3 markedly down-regulated, which were Fas/TNFRSF6, TRALR-3 and IGFBP-6. Most of them were involved in such cellular bioprocesses as transcription, proliferation, signal transduction, and apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONThe cytokine antibody assay permits simultaneous measurement of multiple markers in a small volume of serum, and can identify a panel of key cytokines related to the malignant biological behavior of cancer cells. And it helps to find the biomarkers for the early diagnosis, efficacy assessment and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Aged ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; blood ; Interleukin-3 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics

PURPOSE: Interleukin(IL)-16 is a potent chemoattractant factor for CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. It up-regulates IL-2R on CD4+ T lymphocytes and regulates the function of antigen presenting cells. We used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of the human IL-16 gene into the neuro-2a cells, which is the murine neuroblastoma cell lines, to investigate whether locally secreted IL-16 might generate anti-tumor immune responses. METHODS: We estimated whether the local secretion of IL-16 from the genetically-modified tumor cells would affect their tumorigenicity in vivo, and then, IL-16 transfected neuroblastoma cells would protect mice from tumor development after wild-type tumor cell challenges. And we investigated the mechanism of IL-16 by nude mice trial of an anti-tumor immune response. RESULTS: The IL-16 gene-transduced neuro-2a clones secreted 4.2-6.0ng of IL-16 per mL per 10(5) cells during 24 hr. None of the mice(N=6) injected with 2x10(6) of irradiated, IL-16 gene-transfected neuro-2a cells developed tumors within 6 weeks while all of the mice(N=6) injected with wild-type neuro-2a cells developed tumors. Immunization of mice(N=6) with 2x106 IL-16 gene- transfected, irradiated neuro-2a cells protected these animals against a subsequent challenge with 2x10(6) wild-type tumor cells. Nude mice also showed an anti-tumorigenicity effect. However, the mice did not reveal the prophylactic effect against murine neuroblastoma. CONCLUSION: The local secretion of IL-16 gene-transduced tumor cells abrogated their tumorigenicity and induced protective immunity.
Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunization ; Interleukin-16* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Monocytes ; Neuroblastoma* ; T-Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogenesis role of immune system activation in AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma(AIDS-KS).

METHODSThe serum levels of sFas, beta 2-microglobin, IL-10, IL-16, IL-18, IL-6 and sIL-4R were detected by ELISA in 8 AIDS-KS patients, 28 patients with HIV infection but without Kaposi's sarcoma(HIV-NKS) and 16 normal controls. The lymphocyte and their subsets, CD38(+) CD8, HLA-DR(+)CD8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) in 12 AIDS-KS and 32 HIV-NKS were detected by flow cytometer.

RESULTSBeta 2-MG and sIL-4R in HIV-NKS were significantly higher than those in normal controls(P<0.05), IL-16 in HIV-NKS was significantly lower than that in controls(P<0.05). IL-18 was higher in both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS compared with normal controls. In AIDS-KS, CD3, CD4, CD8, NK and HLA-DR(+)CD8 were lower than those in HIV-NKS whereas CD19 and CD38(+)CD8 were higher than those in HIV-NKS. But the difference was not statistically(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlthough both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS demonstrate some activation of immune system, there appears to be no significant difference between immune responses in KS and NKS patients. These data suggest that the activation of the immune system is unlikely to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; immunology ; Cytokines ; blood ; HLA-DR Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; blood ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; etiology ; immunology

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate effects of cadmium and zinc on IL-6 secretion using human monocyte in a culture system. METHODS: We have used frypan blue dye exclusion methods to examine the effect of cytotoxicity of CdCl2, ZnCl2 in THP-1 cells. IL-6 was measured by the ELIBA method in the cell culture supernatants and the expression of IL-6 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: IL-6 production by THP-1 cells were decreased at 0.1 mM cadmium concentration(p < 0.05) and increased as zinc concentration increased. Zinc prevented cadmiuminduced suppression of IL-6. and the addition of a chelating agent, EDTA, restores IL-6 secretion. The expression of IL-6 mRNA decreased at 0.08 mM and 0.1 mM cadmium concentrations. CONCLUSION: This results suggests that cadmium depressed production and gene expression of IL-6 in stimulates human monocytes, and zinc prevented cadmium-induced suppression of IL-16.
Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line* ; Edetic Acid ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Interleukin-16 ; Interleukin-6* ; Monocytes ; RNA, Messenger ; Zinc*