No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Islets of Langerhans ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo observe the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) from stimulated human fibroblast with abstract from cell wall of Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC19246.

METHODSThe abstract from the cell wall from Actinomyces naeslundii were extracted and purified with the method of purifying lipoteichoic acid(LTA) and stimulated the THP-1 with three different concentrations (1, 10, 100 mg/mL). The level of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha in the supernatant was quantitatively analyzed by ELISA. Results Abstracts at the concentrations of 10, 100 mg/mL significantly produced IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha, especially 10 mg/mL.

CONCLUSIONThe abstract from cell wall of Actinomyces naeslundii may significantly increase IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha level in the supernatant of THP-1, and the increasing level is different with the concentrations.

Actinomyces ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Teichoic Acids ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVETo make investigations on the polymorphism of interleukin-1 (IL-1)gene in Chinese Han population, on its association with essential hypertension, and on the relationship between the genotype of IL-1 and susceptibility to essential hypertension.

METHODSThe polymorphisms of IL-1 gene in Han population of Hubei province, including polymorphisms of IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (-511C/T),IL-1beta (+3953C/T), IL-1Ra(+8006T/C) and IL-1Ra (variable number of tandem repeat, VNTR), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a combination of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods in 152 patients with essential hypertension and 168 healthy controls.

RESULTSThe polymorphism distributions of IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (+3953C/T), IL-1Ra (+8006T/C) and IL-1Ra (VNTR) showed no differences between the essential hypertension group and control group, but the IL-1beta (-511C/T) exhibited a significant difference between the two groups. CT genotype carriers were at increased risk for essential hypertension (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.41-4.58), compared with healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphism of promotor region -511C/T in IL-1beta gene is probably associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension.

Aged ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; genetics ; Interleukin-1alpha ; genetics ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minisatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the relationship between immune function and the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis in patients with major depression. The subjects were 16 female major depressives and 16 female healthy controls. We measured mitogen-induced production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 and serum level of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 and basal plasma cortisol levels at 8 00 a.m. We measured post-DST(dexamethasone suppression test) cortisol levels in 16 major depressives. The result were as follows : 1) Basal cortisol level was significantly higher in the patients with major depression than in the healthy controls(14.4+/-4.6 microgram/dl, 10.1+/-5.2microgram /dl, respectively, p<0.05). 2) IL-2 production was significantly lower in the patients with major depression than in the healthy controls(1747.3+/-387.9 pg/ml, 2520.2+/-884.1 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in IL-1 beta and IL-6 production between the patients with major depression and the healthy controls. 3) Serum level of IL-2 was detectable in 12 of 16 patients with major depression and in 10 of 16 healthy controls. There was no significant difference in serum level of IL-2 between two groups. Serum level of IL-1 beta was detectable in 3 of 16 patients with major depression and of 16 healthy controls. We could not detect serum level of IL-6 in both groups. 4) There was significant negative correlation between IL-2 production and post-DST cortisol level(r= -0.89) in the 16 patients with major depression. There was significant negative correlation between serum level of IL-2 and post-DST cortisol level(r= -0.97) in the 12 patients with major depression. There was significant negative correlation between serum level of IL-2 and basal cortisol level(r= -0.65) in the 12 patients with major depression. But there was no significant correlation between IL-2 production and basal cortisol level in the 16 patients with major depression. These findings suggest that immune function is decreased in major depression and the decreased immune function is highly related to the hyperactivity of the HPA axis.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Plasma

OBJECTIVE: To study whether pyroptosis is involved in the bilirubin-induced injury of primary cultured rat cortical microglial cells. METHODS: Primary cultured rat cortical microglial cells were randomly administered with 30 μmol/L bilirubin (bilirubin group), 30 μmol/L bilirubin following 30 μmol/L VX-765 pretreatment (VX-765+bilirubin group), or an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (control group). Modified MTT assay was used to measure the viability of microglial cells. Western blot was used to measure the expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-release assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of microglial cells. EtBr/EthD2 with different molecular weights (394 Da/1 293 Da) was used to measure the size of plasma membrane pores. ELISA was used to measure the level of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in culture supernatant. RESULTS: After bilirubin stimulation, the viability of microglial cells decreased and LDH release increased, both in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the bilirubin group had a significantly higher positive rate of small-molecule EtBr passing through the cell membrane (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in the pass rate of large-molecule EthD2 between groups (P>0.05). The expression of activated Caspase-1 significantly increased at 0.5 hour after bilirubin stimulation (P<0.05), and that of activated GSDMD significantly increased at 6 hours after bilirubin stimulation (P<0.05). The release of IL-1β significantly increased at 6 hours after bilirubin stimulation and reached the peak at 24 hours (P<0.001). Compared with the bilirubin group, the VX-765+bilirubin group had a significant increase in cell viability (P<0.05) and significant reductions in the expression of activated GSDMD, the pass rate of EtBr, and the release of LDH and IL-1β (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pyroptosis is involved in bilirubin-induced injury of primary cultured microglial cells.
Animals ; Bilirubin ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Survival ; Interleukin-1beta ; Pyroptosis ; Rats

No abstract available.
Animals ; Astrocytes* ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-12* ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Interleukin-2* ; Interleukin-6* ; Melanoma* ; Mice* ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

PURPOSE: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of seizure. The role of genetic factors in FSs has long been recognized. A positive family history can be elicited in 25-40% of patients with FSs; nonetheless, the genes responsible for FSs in the majority of the population remain unknown. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that acts as an endogenous pyrogen. Thus, IL-1beta could be involved in the pathophysiology of FSs. METHODS: To determine whether or not single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-1beta gene are associated with susceptibility to simple FSs, IL-1beta promoter -31 and -511 genotyping was performed by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment (PCR-RF) length polymorphism in 40 FS patients (20 sporadic and 20 familial FS patients) and 33 controls. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the frequencies of -31 C/T and -511 C/T in the IL-1beta promoter gene, between simple FS patients and controls. CONCLUSION: The frequency of CT/CT increased relatively in familial FS patients. A study examining a larger number of FS patients is needed.
Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acts as an endogenous pyrogen and is an important mediator of behavioral and physiological responses to immune stimulation as well as exposure to stressors. The objective of the present study was to examine the pattern of central or peripheral IL-1beta response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or exposure to the foot shock stress (FS) in rats. After treatment of LPS (100microgram/kg) or exposure to the FS [ten times (0.8 mA) foot shocks for 5 sec each and 90 sec interval], body temperature and IL-1beta levels in plasma, spleen and brain were measured. Both LPS and FS stimuli elicited increased body temperature but showed different patterns of peripheral IL-1beta levels. LPS produced a widespread increase in IL-1beta levels in the plasma, spleen and brain, whereas FS produced a significant increase in IL-1beta levels only in the brain regions but not in plasma and spleen. The present study suggests that IL-1beta is, centrally or peripherally in different patterns, regulated by immune stimulation or exposure to stressors and IL-1beta plays an important role in mediating responses of sickness-like behaviors induced by immune stimuli or stressors.
Animals ; Body Temperature ; Brain ; Cytokines ; Foot ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Negotiating ; Plasma ; Rats ; Shock ; Spleen

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of TGF-beta and IL-1beta on rheumatoid synovial cells. METHODS: Synovial cells obtained from surgical procedure of the rheumatoid joint were cultured with TFG-beta and IL-1beta The proliferative response of synovial cells was examined by non-radioactive cell proliferation assay. Fas-demiated apoptosis of synovial cells was measured by flow cytometry after addition of anti-Fas antibody. RESULTS: TGF-beta and IL-1betaproliferated synovial cells in a dose-dependent manner. They also made synovial cells resistant to anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta and IL-1betapromotes synovial cell proliferation possibly through interference with Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting their role in synovial hyperplasis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Apoptosis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cell Proliferation ; Flow Cytometry ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Joints ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

Purpose: IL-1 is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine. As the proliferative effects of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor expressions on prostatic cancer cells in response to IL-1 have not been determined, the effects of IL-1 on prostatic cancer cell lines were investigated. Materials and Methods: PC-3 and DU-145 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell cultures were supplemented with various concentrations of IL-1 (0, 1, 10, 20 and 40ng/ml), and the MMT growth assay performed. PC-3 and DU-145 cells were treated for 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h both with and without IL-1. IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNA expressions were investigated using RT-PCR, and the IL-6 levels in cultured supernatant measured by ELISA. Results: The viability of both PC-3 and DU-145 cells decreased after IL-1 treatment (10, 20 and 40ng/mul). With 40ng/ml the IL-1, IL-6 and IL-6RmRNA expressions were lower in PC-3 cells, but unchanged in DU-145 cells, whereas the IL-6 protein production was higher in both PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Conclusions: IL-1 inhibited the proliferation of both PC-3 and DU145 cells. In the PC-3 cells, IL-1 decreased the expressions of IL-6 and IL-6R mRNA, but paradoxically increased the IL-6 production. In the DU-145 cells, IL-1 treatment did not affect the IL-6 or IL-6R mRNA expressions, but the IL-6 production was increased. This discrepancy between IL-1-induced IL-6 mRNA and protein production may be mediated by modification to the protein synthesis or an increased cellular excretion.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Interleukin-6* ; Interleukins* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Interleukin* ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; RNA, Messenger