Quality of Life ; Interdisciplinary Research ; Interdisciplinary Studies

Large cohort study gained its popularity in biomedical research and demonstrated its application in exploring disease etiology and pathogenesis, improving the prognosis of disease, as well as reducing the burden of diseases. Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods from computer science and statistics to extract insights or knowledge from data in a specific domain. The results from the combination of the two would provide new evidence for developing the strategies and measures on disease prevention and control. This review included a brief introduction of data science, descriptions on characteristics of large cohort data according to the development of the study design, and application of data science at each stage of a large cohort study, as well as prospected the application of data science in the future large cohort studies.
Cohort Studies ; Data Science ; Interdisciplinary Studies

PURPOSE: The classification of impacted maxillary third molars (IMTMs) facilitates interdisciplinary communication and helps estimate the degree of surgical difficulty. Thus, this study aimed to develop a 3-dimensional classification of the position and depth of impaction of IMTMs and to estimate their prevalence with respect to gender and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed images in sagittal and coronal cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections of 300 maxillary third molars. The proposed classification was based on 3 criteria: buccolingual position (buccal, lingual, or central), mesial-distal position (mesioangular, vertical, or distoangular), and depth of impaction (low, medium, or high). CBCT images of IMTMs were classified, and the associations of the classifications with gender and age were examined using analysis of variance with the Scheffé post-hoc test. To determine the associations among the 3 classifications, the chi-square test was used (P<.05). RESULTS: No significant association of the classifications with gender was observed. Age showed a significant relationship with depth of impaction (P=.0001) and mesial-distal position (P=.005). The most common positions were buccal (n=222), vertical (n=184), and low (n=124). Significant associations among the 3 tested classifications were observed. CONCLUSION: CBCT enabled the evaluation of IMTMs in a 3-dimensional format, and we developed a proposal for a new classification of the position and depth of impaction of IMTMs.
Classification ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Molar, Third* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth, Impacted

This study is to develop M.D.-Ph.D. program of medical school in Korea. The authors examined the related literature focusing on the current status and problems of training biomedical scientists. Next step was to make a collection of data related to American M.D.-Ph.D. program. The search for the materials was made through February 2000. The developed M.D.-Ph.D. program was modified and revised by the experts in the area and through public speech. The results of the study are as follows; first, the validity of M.D.-Ph.D. program was convicted by the need of interdisciplinary study, social needs, current problems of medical education and financial problems. Second, the development M.D.-Ph.D. program consists of educational period, admission procedure, entree examination, curriculum and its administration, degrees, school registration management, medical license examination, grants and problems related to military service. The expectations of the results are; first, M.D.-Ph.D. program will make Korea one of the leading countries in biomedical scientists and medical knowledge, and will activate the interdisciplinary research. Second, M.D.-Ph.D. program will facilitate to revise the educational problems of graduate school of medicine and medical schools.
Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Korea ; Licensure ; Military Personnel ; Schools, Medical

The increasing number of patients with depression is a serious social issue in contemporary Korean society. To fully understand the pathophysiology of depression, this paper reviewed how depression affects the decision making process of humans. Various recent studies in behavioral economics, mathematics, medicine, and neurobiology have shown how humans make decisions and how emotional disturbances, such as depressive disorder, affect this process. There has been great progress in behavioral economics during this decade, and numerous experiments have been designed to evaluate decision making process in humans. In general, economic decision making is evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task, and social decision making is assessed using the ultimatum game. Numerous research studies have analyzed the performance and reaction of patients with depression in these games. As a result of the advancement of neurophysiology, research has successfully identified the part of the brain that causes the specific results of tests being conducted on patients with depression. Meanwhile, computational neuroscientists have established decision making models based on bayesian framework. These models also match with the neuroanatomy. Although a large part remains unclear, researchers look forward to achieving a better understanding in depression by analyzing the distinct patterns of responses that patients under depression show in the experiment of behavioral economics.
Affective Symptoms ; Brain ; Decision Making* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Economics, Behavioral ; Gambling ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Iowa ; Mathematics ; Neuroanatomy ; Neurobiology ; Neurophysiology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the process from the development of symptoms to treatment and analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors related to the treatment response and survival of patients with malignant spinal cord compression (SCC). METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 patients diagnosed with metastatic SCC using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2002 to December 2011. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 59.5 years, and the most common origin of metastatic SCC was lung cancer. The median interval from symptom development to visiting the hospital was 7 days, and the median interval from admission to the date of clinical diagnosis was 0 days. The median interval from clinical diagnosis to the date of MRI or therapy was 1 or 4 days, respectively. Twenty-six patients (46.4%) had ambulation dysfunction at initial presentation, and 33 patients (61.1%) had ambulation dysfunction after radiotherapy or surgery. The rate of patients regaining walking ability was 17.6% with radiotherapy and 25% with surgery. In univariate analysis, good performance status, ambulatory function, and autonomic function before therapy were favorable predictors of ambulatory function after treatment in all patients. No significant factor was found in multivariate analysis. Median overall survival (OS) was 67 days, and the significant factors for survival by multivariate analysis were performance status and the presence of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic response of ambulatory function and OS in malignant SCC is very poor. Multidisciplinary communication is required for the prompt and optimal management of patients with malignant SCC.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostate ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Walking

PURPOSE: Ineffective communication between healthcare professionals leads to medical errors and puts patients at risk of harm. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of interdisciplinary communication training in simulated settings on self-confidence in communication, observed communication behavior, and technical skill performances of nursing students. METHODS: A repeated measures design with one group was conducted. Data was collected from 92 nursing students through a self-administered questionnaire and an observed behavior checklist. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Friedmann test, a Repeated Measures ANOVA, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Self-confidence in communication, observed Identification-Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation-Read Back communication behavior, and technical skill performances of nursing students were significantly improved. In observed communication behavior, the performance of Assessment and Read Back communication significantly improved. However, communication of Background, Assessment, and Recommendation did not improve to a satisfactory level. Observed communication behavior was not correlated with the overall technical skill performance. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that interdisciplinary communication training in simulated settings was effective in improving nursing students' confidence and communication skills with physicians. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are recommended in order to verify the effects of interdisciplinary communication training on clinical outcomes as well as communication competence.
Checklist ; Clinical Competence ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Medical Errors ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Simulation Training ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing*

INTRODUCTIONThere is increasing belief that a formal protocol-based multidisciplinary care model should be adopted as an optimal care model in oncology. However, there is minimal outcome evidence to demonstrate an improvement in patient care. The aim of this study was to compare clinical quality outcomes between patients with high-grade glioma managed at one hospital using a formal neuro-oncology multidisciplinary tumour clinic (MTC) and a second hospital with a traditional on-call referral pattern (non-MTC).

MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients with high-grade glioma managed radically with radiation therapy at 2 Singapore hospitals from May 2002 to May 2006 were entered into a prospective database. Patients were grouped into management via MTC or non-MTC. Four clinical quality indicators were chosen retrospectively to assess the variation in practice: a) Use of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging post-resection (POI) for assessment of residual disease; b) Commencement of radiation therapy (RT) within 28 days of surgery; c) Adjuvant chemotherapy use for glioblastoma multiforme (CTGBM) and d) Median survival.

RESULTSSixty-seven patients were managed radically, with 47 by MTC and by 20 by non-MTC. MTC patients were more likely to have POI (P = 0.042), and CTGBM (P = 0.025). Although the RT start time was similar for the whole cohort (60% versus 45%: P = 0.296); for GBM patients, the RT start was earlier (63% vs 33% P = 0.024). The median survival for the MTC group was 18.7 months versus 11.9 months for the non-MTC group (P = 0.11).

CONCLUSIONClinical quality outcomes were significantly improved in patients with high-grade glioma managed in this neuro-oncology MTC.

Cancer Care Facilities ; Female ; Glioma ; classification ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Quality Indicators, Health Care ; Quality of Health Care ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the roles of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The clinical data of 48 patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital from January 21, 2020 to March 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the 48 suspected cases, 18 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 30 were excluded. Each of the confirmed cases were discussed among MDT for 2 to 12 times with an average of (4.7±3.2) times; while for non-COVID-19 patients were discussed for 2 to 4 times with an average of (2.3±0.6) times. With the guidance of MDT, one COVID-19 patient was transferred to designated provincial hospital after effective treatment; one patient complicated with acute cholecystitis underwent gallbladder puncture and drainage; and COVID-19 was excluded in a highly suspected patient after alveolar lavage fluid examination. Except one transferred patient, all 17 confirmed COVID-19 patients were cured and discharged. There was no cross-infection occurred in suspected patients during the hospitalization. There were no deaths and no medical staff infections. CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for suspected COVID-19 patients can be improved with MDT, particularly for complicated cases.
Betacoronavirus ; isolation & purification ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Pandemics ; Patient Care Team ; standards ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the roles of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The clinical data of 48 patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Jinhua Central Hospital from January 21, 2020 to March 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 48 suspected cases, 18 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 30 were excluded. Each of the confirmed cases were discussed among MDT for 2 to 12 times with an average of (4.7±3.2) times; while for non-COVID-19 patients were discussed for 2 to 4 times with an average of (2.3±0.6) times per case. With the guidance of MDT, one COVID-19 patient was transferred to designated provincial hospital after effective treatment; one patient complicated with acute cholecystitis underwent gallbladder puncture and drainage; and COVID-19 was excluded in a highly suspected patient after alveolar lavage fluid examination. Except one transferred patient, all 17 confirmed COVID-19 patients were cured and discharged; there was no cross-infection occurred in suspected patients during the hospitalization; there were no deaths and no medical staff infections. CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for suspected COVID-19 patients can be improved under MDT mode, particularly for complicated and refractory cases.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Pandemics ; Patient Care Team ; standards ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome