OBJECTIVE: To explore characteristics of the head traumatic children's intelligence. METHODS: The authors investigated 43 head trauma children and 50 normal children, using Wechser Intelligence Test (C-WISC). Data were analyzed by SPSS10.0 on computer. RESULTS Head trauma children had lower FIQ, VJQ, PIQ than normal children. Pervaded head trauma has more contribution to the damage of the children's intelligence.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Development ; Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Language ; Male ; Wechsler Scales

OBJECTIVE: To study the intellectual characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD). METHODS: A total of 55 children with ADHD and DD (ADHD+DD group), 150 children with ADHD alone (ADHD group), and 22 children with DD alone (DD group) were enrolled as subjects. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) was used to evaluate and compare intellectual characteristics among the three groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the scores of full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, and working memory index among the three groups ( CONCLUSIONS Compared with the children with ADHD alone, the children with ADHD and DD have more severe impairment of FSIQ, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and working memory, and therefore, it is suggested to enhance the training on similarities, vocabulary, matrix reasoning, picture concepts, and recitation for children with ADHD and DD in clinical practice.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Dyslexia ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Memory, Short-Term ; Wechsler Scales

OBJECTIVES: To explore the difference of eye movement characteristics between uncooperative and cooperative subjects with mental disorder after cerebral trauma. METHODS: Thirty-nine subjects which needed psychiatric impairment assessment were selected. According to the binomial forced-choice digit memory test （BFDMT）, all subjects were divided into cooperative and uncooperative groups. The subjects were asked to take the image completion test from Wechsler adult intelligence scale. Meanwhile, the data of eye movement track, fixation, saccade, pupil and blink were recorded by the track system of eye movement. RESULTS: There were significantly differences （P<0.05） in the data of saccade between cooperative （10 cases） and uncooperative groups （29 cases）. The frequency, time, amplitude, acceleration of saccadic in uncooperative group were significantly higher than cooperation group. The saccade latencies of cooperation group increased more than uncooperative group. There was a significant difference （P<0.05） in total discrete distance, average distance and total time of fixation between two groups, while the average duration time, number and frequency of fixation had no significantly difference （P>0.05） between two groups. And the blink frequency of cooperation group was higher than uncooperative group. CONCLUSIONS Eye movement can be an objective index for the primary judgment of cooperation level.
Adult ; Eye Movement Measurements ; Eye Movements/physiology* ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Saccades/physiology* ; Wechsler Scales

38 patients with different mental diseases, age of 18-66, and used the sedative who were interviewed by composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) 2.1. The results have shown that it should select many kinds of disease for CIDI. It was a major scientific tool for mental profession in Vietnam
Mental Health ; Intelligence Tests

OBJECTIVE: We examined the difference between IQ(Intelligence Quotient) estimated from computerized Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM) score(SPM IQ) and Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(KWAIS) IQ(KWAIS IQ) in Korean patients with mental disorders in order to test the validity of SPM as a brief nonverbal intelligence test, and to find the groups that need standardization. And, we studied the method to predict KWAIS IQ more precisely from SPM test. METHODS: SPM test in Vienna test system was administered to 166 Korean patients with mental disorders. The degree of consistency and Pearson's correlation coefficient between SPM IQ and KWAIS IQ in total subjects and groups by sex, age, education, and clinical diagnosis were investigated. And, we obtained a regression equation to predict KWAIS IQ from SPM score. RESULTS: In total subjects, Pearson's correlation coefficient between SPM IQ and KWAIS IQ was as high as 0.704, and the percent of patients whose absolute value of difference between SPM IQ and KWAIS IQ is equal to or less than 10 was 54.8%. The degree of consistency between SPM IQ and KWAIS IQ was influenced by age and educational level. SPM IQ were higher than KWAIS IQ in younger age and lower education group. SPM IQ were lower than KWAIS IQ in older age and higher education group. The regression equation from SPM score, age, and education years predicted KWAIS IQ more correctly. CONCLUSION: The Computerized Standard Progressive Matrices test is validated and can be used usefully as a brief nonverbal intelligence test in patients with mental disorders. In order to provide more precise evaluation, standardized data should be prepared for age group 16 to 25 and age group 26 to 35 with lower educational level.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Mental Disorders*

Objective To analyze the differences in accuracy of different eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation and non-cooperation during image completion test of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma. Methods One hundred and forty cases of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma who took psychiatric impairment assessments were collected. The 21 pictures from "image completion" of Wechsler intelligence test were used as stimulating pictures, then divided into cooperation group and non-cooperation group according to binomial forced-choice digit memory test and expert opinions. The eye movement parameters of research subjects during completion of images were obtained by the SMI eye-tracker. The accuracy of eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation or non-cooperation of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma in psychiatric impairment assessments were evaluated by the ROC curve. Results During the process of the image completion test, the area under curve （AUC） value of frequency of blink, frequency of fixation, pupil size, frequency of saccade, latency of saccade, average acceleration of saccade, the average and peak longitudinal velocity of saccade was above 0.5. When it comed to a specific stimulating picture, the AUC value of frequency of blink in looking at a specific stimulating picture could be above 0.8, and the AUC value of X axis diameter of pupil size could be above 0.7. Conclusion The accuracy of eye movement parameters in distinguishing the cooperation or disguise of patients with mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma is related with the stimulating picture. The accuracy of frequency of blink in distinguishing cooperation and non-cooperation is better than that of other eye movement parameters.
Blinking ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the proportion of dementia studies and the trends of the use of neuropsychological tests in dementia studies for the past 10 years. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 715 original articles published in Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association and 72 original articles published in Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009. Among those, there were 78 articles of dementia study and 36 articles using the neuropsychological test used for the analysis. According to the published year, all articles were divided into two stages (between 2000-2004, between 2005-2009). The data were collected for what neuropsychological tests were used. RESULTS: The proportion of dementia studies increased from 8.2% to 12.4% and the proportion of dementia studies using the neuropsychological test decreased from 60.5% to 37.5%, when comparing the two stages. The use rate of screening tests, intelligence tests, and domain-specific cognitive tests decreased from 91.3% to 84.6%, 13.0% to 0%, 91.3% to 76.9% respectively, whereas the use rate of comprehensive assessment of dementia increased from 21.7% to 38.5%. CONCLUSION: These results show an increasing trend in dementia studies and decreasing rate of neuropsychological test use in Korea. However, the use rate of comprehensive assessment of dementia increased.
Dementia ; Geriatric Psychiatry ; Intelligence Tests ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Neuropsychological Tests

OBJECTIVES: This study was focused on the influence of chronic aircraft noise exposure on children's continuous performance, intelligence and reading skill. METHODS: We enrolled 586 children in 4-6th grade of 7 primary schools near air base in Korea. Continuous performance was measured using the computerized ADS program. We analyzed 477-512 children on the visual continuous performance test, auditory continuous performance test, intelligence test, and reading and the vocabulary test. Intelligence was measured using vocabulary, digit span, block design, and digit symbol tests of K-WISC-III. RESULTS: The commission error and variability deviation of auditory continuous performance test and reading test were significantly higher among children in schools with the helicopter noise and the fighting plane noise compared to children in the low noised schools. CONCLUSION: There was a possibility that chronic aircraft noise exposure was associated with impairment of the school performance. The result of our study also shows chronic aircraft noise was associated with reading ability.
Aircraft* ; Child* ; Cognition* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Korea ; Language Tests ; Noise* ; Reading ; Vocabulary

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: We grouped 27 patients as either obsessive-compulsive or non-obsessive-compulsive based on the presence of OCD. The two groups completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and Hamilton Depression Scale. The intelligence quotient (IQ) was tested using the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The memory quotient (MQ) was tested using the Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning and Korean-Complex Figure Test. The executive intelligence quotient (EIQ) was determined using the Kims executive intelligence test (EXIT). RESULTS: Ten of the 27 patients had OCD. The compulsion score of Y-BOCS was positively correlated with positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and the total scores of PANSS. The OCD-schizophrenia patients had higher IQs. No difference was found in MQ. Although the EIQ did not differ between the two groups, the OCD-schizophrenia patients performed better at the Stroop-interference and verbal fluency tests, which was highly dependent on executive function. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that OCD may have a protective effect on some cognitive function, at least in relatively early stage of illness. Moreover, based on clinical, neurocognitive features, schizophrenia with OCD could be considered as a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.
Adult ; Depression ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Memory ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Verbal Learning

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: We grouped 27 patients as either obsessive-compulsive or non-obsessive-compulsive based on the presence of OCD. The two groups completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and Hamilton Depression Scale. The intelligence quotient (IQ) was tested using the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The memory quotient (MQ) was tested using the Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning and Korean-Complex Figure Test. The executive intelligence quotient (EIQ) was determined using the Kims executive intelligence test (EXIT). RESULTS: Ten of the 27 patients had OCD. The compulsion score of Y-BOCS was positively correlated with positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and the total scores of PANSS. The OCD-schizophrenia patients had higher IQs. No difference was found in MQ. Although the EIQ did not differ between the two groups, the OCD-schizophrenia patients performed better at the Stroop-interference and verbal fluency tests, which was highly dependent on executive function. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that OCD may have a protective effect on some cognitive function, at least in relatively early stage of illness. Moreover, based on clinical, neurocognitive features, schizophrenia with OCD could be considered as a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.
Adult ; Depression ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Memory ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Schizophrenia ; Verbal Learning