Proliferating trichilemmal cyst(PTC) is a rare benign neoplasm that is thought to be derived from the outer root sheath of anagen hair follicles differentiating toward the infundibular and matrical segments, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, or acrosyringium. Clinically, it presents as a solitary elevated, lobulated mass on the scalp of elderly women. Histologically, it shows well demarcated multiple lobules of squamous epithelium. The center of the lobule undergoes abrupt keratinization without formation of keratohyalin and foci of calcification are often present in the areas of amorphous keratin. PTC can be associated with sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, ectopic apocrine sweat glands, spindle cell carcinoma, etc. We report an unusual case of proliferating trichilemmal cyst with trichoepitheliomatous change in a young woman.
Aged ; Apocrine Glands ; Epithelium ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sweat Glands

During normal development of skin, pluripotential cells give rise to keratinocytes, sebaceus glands, hair follicles, apocrine glands, and eccrine glands. In epidermal nevi, these components emerge in an abnormal mixture within a circumscribed site. Many authors have categorized epidermal nevi according to their predominant component, however, there is often notable overlap which occurs within a single area or within contiguous areas. An 11-year-old female patient presented with linearly-arranged, multiple yellowish papules and a dark-brown colored verrucous plaque on the left occipital area, which had been present since birth. From the histopathological findings, the papules were diagnosed as nevus sebaceus and the plaque was diagnosed as verrucous epidermal nevus. Our present case gives support to the view that epidermal nevi have a spectrum of manifestations, including verrucous epidermal nevi and nevus sebaceus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a verrucous epidermal nevus contiguous to a nevus sebaceus in the Korean dermatological literature.
Apocrine Glands ; Child ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Parturition ; Skin

An apocrine hydrocystoma is a translucent cystic nodule that looks like adenomatous cystic proliferation of an apocrine gland, which originated from a hair germ. Dermoid cyst is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin appendages, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and other tissues derived from the ectoderm. Many investigators believe that dermoid cysts re originated from the ectoderm, specifically the hair germ cells. A 58-year-old woman was presented with a purple, asymptomatic, dome-shaped nodule on her right lower eyelid that had been slowly increasing in size for several years. Histopathological examination revealed two well-demarcated cysts: one was lined with stratified squamous epithelium with mature hair and sebaceous glands and the other contained large cystic spaces, which papillary projections extended. We report a rare case of a dermoid cyst, combined with an apocrine hydrocystoma, occurring in the right lower eyelid.
Apocrine Glands ; Dermoid Cyst ; Ectoderm ; Epithelium ; Eyelids ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Research Personnel ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Teratoma

BACKGROUND: Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn is a complex anomaly involving the epidermis, dermis, apocrine glands and hair follicles, as well as the sebaceous glands, and a variety of benign and malignant tumors and neurologic abnormalities may be associated with it; however, only a few studies on it have been reported in the Korean literature. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study was to document clinical and histopathologic features of nevus sebaceus in Koreans and compare them to those in the previously reported studies. METHOD: Clinical records and histopathology of 53 cases of nevus sebaceus diagnosed at Ewha Womans University Tongdaemun Hospital during a period of 18 years were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The average incidence rate of nevus sebaceus among new patients was 0.03%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.04 and the average age at visit, 16.5 years. The lesions had been present since birth or had developed before age 10 in 85% of the cases. A11 lesions were situated on the head, and the most common site was the scalp. Linear 1esions (20.8%) were mostly facial lesions. Histopathologically, the incidence of sebaceous and apocrine glandular hyperplasia was most notable in the 13-18 and over-18 age groups. The sebaceous glands showed small punched out defects or "holes" in 24.5%; ectopic apocrine glands were found in 24.5 %. Mature hair follicles were absent or greatly reduced in number in 75.5%. Acanthosis nigricanslike pattern of acanthosis and mild papillomatosis were the dominant changes in the epidermis. Hyperplasias and neoplasms were associated in 15.1%, which included 5 cases of primitive follicular induction and 1 trichoblastoma. CONCLUSION: In this series, no examples of malignant neoplasms were identified; however, an early total excision before age 13 is recommended since a variable "deficit malformation" of the follicles with hyperplasia of the epidermis and sebaceous glands becomes more prominent after that age.
Apocrine Glands ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Papilloma ; Parturition ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands

Nevus sebaceous is a common congenital cutaneous hamartoma occurring mainly on the face and scalp. It is well known that secondary neoplasms can be easily observed in the primary lesion. However, a case of trichoblastoma and compound nevus concurrently arising from nevus sebaceous has not been previously reported. A 26-year-old woman presented with a well-demarcated atrophic skin-colored plaque on her scalp from birth. On the plaque, a black dome-shaped round nodule and a brownish nodule with irregular margins were found one week previously without subjective symptoms. Histopathological examination of the central plaque lesion revealed epidermal hyperplasia and hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and eccrine glands. In addition, ectopic, dilated apocrine glands were revealed in the lower dermis, and the hair follicles remained small and primordial, consistent with nevus sebaceous. A section of the black nodule showed palisading basaloid cells surrounded by abundant fibrous stroma. Nests of nevus cells were found at the dermo-epidermal junction and dermis in the brownish nodule. Based on these findings, the black nodule and brownish nodule were diagnosed as trichoblastoma and compound nevus, respectively. Herein, we report an interesting case of trichoblastoma and compound nevus concurrently arising from nevus sebaceous, which is, to our knowledge, the first such report in the dermatologic literature.
Adult ; Apocrine Glands ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands

The authors attempted to examine the distribution of S-100 protein in the human fetal skin. Immunohistochemical staining(ABC rnethod) using anti-S-100 antibodies was carried out on skin specimens taken from 11 human fetuses ranging from 9 weeks to 27 weeks of estimated gestational age. At 9 weeks of estimated gestational age, the embryonic epidermis consisted of three cell layers,' the basal layer, intermediate layer and periderm, all of them being stained for S-100 protein. But after 18 weeks, the basal layer changed to be negative. Granular and cornified layer's, beginning their development at 22 weeks, were not stained for S-100 protein. Hair germ of 12 week-fetuses was recognized unstained as a bulge of basal cells. In fully differentiated structural components of the hair follicle after 18 weeks, the outer root sheath only was stained for S-100 protein whereas the inner root sheath, hair matrix cells and sebaceous glands were unstained. Eccrine gland germs developed at 12 weeks of embryonic life as undulation of the basal layer and were not, stained. And at 22 weeks, the secretory portion of the eccrine glands were formed in the dermis and stained for S-100 protein. Our present study suggests that the expression of S-100 protein can undergo considerable changes during ernbryonic differentiation in the epidermis and epidermal appendages.
Antibodies ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans* ; S100 Proteins ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

Lichen planopilaris is a follicular variant of lichen planus. When it appears on the scalp and is accompanied with hair loss, it is classified into a subtype of cicatrical alopecia. And lichen planopilaris can be classified into classic lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little syndrome. A 63-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of hair loss on the area of occipital skin and 3-week history of pruritic, confluent, purple-colored, flat-topped papules on the same area with decreased follicular ostium. Histopathological findings showed both characteristics of the cicatricial alopecia and those of lichen planus; Loss of the hair follicles, atrophy of the sebaceous gland and sweat gland, and bandlike inflammatory infiltration on the upper dermis, especially on the perifollicular and interfollicular area.
Alopecia ; Atrophy ; Dermis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; Lichens ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

Hair follicle nevus is one of several nevi, in which hair and hair follicle are involved. Crowding of numerous tiny but mature hair follicles with thick fibrous root sheath are the characteristie histologic finding of the nevus. The patient was one month old male infant with pedunculated. mass l cm in size on the left preauricular area. Histologically the skin of the lesion is covered by acanthotic epidermis. In the corium are numerous small mature hair follicles with thick fibrous sheath and a few small Iobules of sebaceous gland embedded in a fibrovascular stroma. There are, however, no central plate of cartilage and adipose tissue.
Adipose Tissue ; Cartilage ; Crowding ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nevus* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of keratin (K) during fetal development. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to observe the distribution of K8/18 in the skin of fetuses and to find out the distinction of expressions of K8/18 during fetal development. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to the skin of the scalp and sole of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 39 weeks of gestation. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies with CAM5.2 using LSAB kit against K8/18 was conducted. RESULTS: In the skin of the scalp, K8/18 was expressed in the periderm and basal layer of epidermis from the 10th week to the 31st week of fetal gestation. K8/18 was expressed in the hair germ, bulge and basal cells of fetal the infundibulum and sebaceous glands. Root sheath cells were weakly positive but matrix cells were negative. The expression of K8/18 was negative in the basal layer of the sole. Merkel cells, which are located in the basal layer and upper dermis, were positive from the 12th week of gestation. Terminal eccrine ducts and acinar cells were positive after the 20th week of gestation. CONCLUSION: K8/18 in the skin of the scalp and sole of fetuses were expressed in different ways. The expression of K8/18 in the basal cells of the sole were negative while basal cells of the epidermis of the scalp were positive transiently from the 12th to the 31st week of gestation. Early hair germ cells and bulge cells were expressed strongly in hair follicles. Terminal eccrine ducts and acini were expressed strongly in the eccrine gland. Merkel cells located in the basal layer and papillary dermis also express K8/18.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight* ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

Using peanut agglutinin(PNA), neurarninidase, and avidin-biotin peroxidase com plex(ABC) technique, normal skin specimens, nevocellular nevi, and malignant melanomas were studied, and different PNA binding patterns between nevocellular nevi and malignant melanomas were observed. The results were as follows : 1. In normal skin, except the basement membrane, epidermis and hair follicle epithelium showed a cell membrane staining of PNA after neuraminidase pretreat ment. Sebaceous glands revealed membranous and cytoplasmic staining of PNA, but sweat ducts were not stained. 2. In nevocellular nevi, none of the nevus cells were stained with PNA aftet neuraminidase preteatment. 3. In malignant melanomas, all of the melanorna cells were stained along the cell mernbrane with PNA after neuraminidase pretreatment. Therefore, the PNA staining after neuraminidase pretreatment on paraffin embedded sections using ABC technique is considered to be a useful probe for the differentiation between malignant malanoma and nevocellular nevus.
Basement Membrane ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Hair Follicle ; Melanoma* ; Neuraminidase ; Nevus* ; Paraffin ; Peanut Agglutinin* ; Peroxidase ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Sweat