OBJECTIVETo evaluate the overall diet quality of adults in Guangzhou and investigate whether adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.

METHODSAll 540 adults aged 40-59 years completed 3 consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality were evaluated by using Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) scoring and evaluating system. Anthropometric parameters, fast glucose and fast insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was defined as the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment scores.

RESULTSThe DBI-Lower Bound Score (DBI-LBS), DBI-Higher Bound Score (DBI-HBS) and DBI-Diet Quality Distance (DBI-DQD) were 16.1-17.5, 7.6-8.2, 23.6-25.7 relatively. The intake of cereals, beans and dietary products were insufficient in the population, while the intake of animal food, salt and edible oils were excessive. Subjects in model A had a lower body mass index (BMI, P=0.022) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.001) than those in model E. Compared with model A, subjects in model E had greater odds ratio for insulin resistance (odds ratio: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.67).

CONCLUSIONThe dietary structure of the residents in Guangzhou was relatively balanced and reasonable, but the problems such as inadequate food intake and excessive food intake still co-exist. Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of insulin resistance.

Adult ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; ethnology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate lipid profiles and liver enzymes as surrogate markers used for recognizing insulin resistance in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 458 women with PCOS were divided into two groups: non-obese with a body mass index (BMI)<25.0 kg/m2 and obese with a BMI> or =25.0 kg/m2. Anthropometric measures and blood sampling for hormone assay, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Insulin resistance was defined as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)> or =2.5. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the power of serum markers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of each confounding factor for HOMA-IR. RESULTS: In non-obese and obese groups, the ROC curve analyses demonstrated that the best marker for insulin resistance was triglyceride (TG), with the areas under the ROC curve of 0.617 and 0.837, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the significant marker for insulin resistance with areas under the ROC curve of 0.698 in obese group, but not significant in non-obese group. TG and LDL-C were significantly associated with HOMA-IR in both non-obese and obese PCOS women by multiple linear regression analysis. The optimal cut-off points of TG> or =68.5 was a marker for predicting insulin resistance in non-obese PCOS patients and TG> or =100.5 in obese group. CONCLUSION: TG can be used as a useful marker for insulin resistance in Korean women with PCOS, especially for obese patients.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology ; Biological Markers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/ethnology/*physiology ; Lipids/blood ; Obesity/*blood/ethnology ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/*blood/ethnology ; ROC Curve ; Regression Analysis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Triglycerides/*blood

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Dong nationality in Western Hunan, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of T2DM in the district. METHODS: In the case-control study, the subjects were divided into a T2DM group, an impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group and a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A questionnaire survey was conducted, and physical measurements and the detection of blood glucose, blood lipids and serum insulin were done. RESULTS: Univariate analysis found significant difference in age, fasting insulin (FINS), HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IRI), HOMA β-cell function index (HOMA-βC), trigalloyl glycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in the glucose metabolism among different groups (P<0.05). Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), family history of diabetes, number of physical activities per week, dinner taste, fat and protein-rich foods, fresh vegetables and fruits intake were associated with T2DM. Multifactor non-conditional ordinal logistic regression indicated that age was the risk factor of T2DM and IGR. Compared with the group whose age was≤50, the odds ratios of the groups of 5070 were 1.85, 2.83 and 2.64 respectively, P<0.05. The risk of suffering from diabetes of the overweighted or obese people was 2.13 times that of a normal BMI group, P<0.01. The other influencing factors included WHR (OR=2.06), family history of diabetes (OR=11.36), and fat and protein-rich foods (OR=1.90). CONCLUSION The main influencing factors of T2DM of Dong nationality in Western Hunan include age, BMI, WHR, family history of diabetes, fat and protein-rich foods. We must strengthen the health eduation of T2DM of Dong nationality in Western Hunan to reduce the risk of T2DM.
Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Lipids ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with gallbladder stone formation in Korean women based on menopausal status. METHODS: The study included 4,125 consecutive Korean subjects (30-79 years of age). Subjects who had a medical history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, other cardiovascular disorders, or hormone replacement therapy were excluded. The women were subdivided into two groups according to their menopausal status. RESULTS: Analysis of premenopausal women showed no significant differences in the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index between the two groups in terms of gallstone disease. The associations between the occurrence of gallbladder stones and age, obesity, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and high HOMA-IR index were statistically significant in the analysis with postmenopausal women. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was an independent predictor of gallbladder stone formation in premenopausal women. However, the multiple logistic regression analysis also showed that age and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with gallbladder stone formation in postmenopausal women. In an additional analysis stratified by obesity, insulin resistance was a significant risk factor for gallbladder stone formation only in the abdominally obese premenopausal group. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance may be associated with gallbladder stone formation in Korean postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Gallstones/*ethnology/physiopathology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/*ethnology ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal/ethnology ; Odds Ratio ; Postmenopause/*ethnology ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Blood mercury levels are associated with inflammation, and chronic low-grade inflammation is a cause of insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum mercury and insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were selected (n=29235) and the relevant data of 5388 subjects (2643 males and 2745 females) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was compared according to blood mercury quartiles, and the odds ratio (OR) of having the highest quartile of HOMA-IR according to blood mercury quartiles was calculated. RESULTS: Blood mercury levels in men and women were 29.4 nmol/L and 20.5 nmol/L, respectively, and fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly correlated with blood mercury levels. The correlation was stronger in men than in women. In men, FBS and HOMA-IR showed step-wise increases as the quartiles of blood mercury increased; only HOMA-IR differed significantly in the third and fourth blood mercury quartiles, compared to the first quartile. In women, however, both FBS and HOMA-IR differed significantly in the third and fourth blood mercury quartiles, compared to the first quartile. Among men, the OR of being in the highest HOMA-IR quartile was greatest for the highest blood mercury quartile (OR=1.720, 95% CI; 1.172-2.526), compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION: In this large population-based study, blood mercury levels were weakly correlated with HOMA-IR and may be a risk factor for insulin resistance in nondiabetic Koreans.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/*ethnology ; Male ; Mercury/*blood ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between genetic variation of Furin and insulin resistance in Chinese Kazakh population.

METHODSBased on a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a Chinese Kazakh population, a case-control study was conducted. All the sequence variants located promoter and exon regions of Furin were identified by directly sequencing of PCR product in 50 (25 males) individuals with insulin resistance, which were randomly chosen from the study population. The representative polymorphism was detected by TaqMan PCR in 861 subjects (366 males, 254 in case group and 607 in control group). The relationship between genetic variation of Furin and insulin resistance in this cohort was analyzed.

RESULTSTwelve genetic variations in Furin were identified by sequencing 50 individuals with insulin resistance and 4 common SNPs (rs6226, rs6227, rs2071410, and rs4932178) were selected as representatives for genotyping in this Chinese Kazakh population. The rs6226, rs6227, rs2071410, and rs4932178 polymorphisms were successfully genotyped. The distribution of the genotypes of rs6226, rs6227, rs2071410, and rs4932178 polymorphism was similar between case and controls (all P > 0.05). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels was also similar among individuals with different genotypes (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe genetic variation of Furin is not associated with insulin resistance in this cohort of Chinese Kazakh population.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Exons ; Female ; Furin ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin ; genetics ; Insulin Resistance ; ethnology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, and beta-cell function in Korean patients newly presenting with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In total, 132 patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and the indices of insulin secretion and insulin resistance were calculated. RESULTS: A higher BMI was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment values for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta), and insulinogenic index as well as lower levels of insulin sensitivity index composite (ISIcomp) and disposition index (DI). In multiple regression models, BMI had independent positive associations with HOMA-IR, ISIcomp, and HOMA-beta and inverse associations with the DI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that BMI had independent positive associations with indices of insulin resistance and an inverse association with beta-cell function adjusted for insulin resistance in Korean patients newly presenting with type 2 diabetes.
*Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biological Markers/blood ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/diagnosis/*ethnology/physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/*ethnology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene polymorphisms with insulin resistance (IR) in Xinjiang Uygur population.

METHODSA cross-sectional study on metabolic diseases, e.g., obesity, was conducted on ethnic Uygurs in Hetian, Xinjiang of China. A total of 1292 Uygur individuals were enrolled. The sample size for IR subjects [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.96] was 323, whereas that for non-IR controls was 969 (HOMA-IR < 2.96). Representative variations were selected from database and genotyped with TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. For the relatively isolated population from a homogeneous environment, a case-control study was conducted to assess the association between variations of SOCS3 gene and IR.

RESULTSA significant difference in genotype distribution of rs4969168 was detected between IR and control groups in males (chi square =7.216, P=0.027). Although the IR-related quantitative phenotypes did not significantly differ between individuals with GG, AG and AA genotypes of rs4969168 in the overall, male and female population (P > 0.05), the mean of body mass index and the median of fasting insulin increased in individuals with GG, AG, AA genotypes in males. Haplotype 2 (rs12953258C-rs4969168A-rs9914220C) was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IR in males (P=0.023). Logistic regression analysis indicated that AG genotype of rs4969168 variation is a protective factor for IR in males (OR=1.772, 95% confidence interval: 1.081-2.906, P=0.023).

CONCLUSIONOur study suggested that the rs4969168 polymorphism of SOCS3 gene is associated with IR in ethnic Uygur population from Xinjiang, China.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor A gene (VEGFA) rs9369425 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population.

METHODSOne thousand eight hundred and ninety two type 2 diabetes patients and 1808 controls with normal glucose were recruited in this study. Phenotypes including body mass index, waist, waist hip ratio, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels of blood obtained both at 0 and 120 minute during standard 75-gram glucose oral glucose tolerance tests, were analyzed. Insulin resistance and beta cell function were assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-B). Genotyping was performed by time-of-light mass spectrum using a Sequenom platform.

RESULTSThe frequencies of minor allele G in the diabetic patients and controls were 10.8% and 11.3% respectively. No significant difference of allele distribution was detected between the cases and controls (P=0.5086). No significant difference (P>0.05) was detected on the association between rs9369425 SNP and clinical phenotypes.

CONCLUSIONVEGFA rs9369425 was not associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population. Whether there is association in any other loci in this gene remained to be investigated.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Population Groups ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics