OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the closed-loop management of externally purchased medications for inpatients in medical institutions in Shenzhen， thus improve the overall level of pharmaceutical affairs management in medical institutions in Shenzhen. METHODS The relevant guidelines， expert consensus， thematic reviews and policy documents were conducted using keywords such as “ externally purchased drugs”“externally distributed drugs”“externally purchased prescriptions” “externally distributed prescriptions”“closed-loop management” and their corresponding English terms. The initial draft of the Consensus on Closed-loop Management of Externally Purchased Medications for Inpatients in Shenzhen Medical Institutions （shortened for Consensus） was drafted based on the practical experience of the management of externally purchased drugs in medical institutions in Shenzhen. After two questionnaire surveys and four expert symposiums， the Consensus recommendation opinions were formed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The Consensus covers 10 aspects， including the definition and usage conditions of externally purchased drugs， management organization and informatization construction， principles for catalogue adjustment， catalogue formulation process， prescription issuance and dispensing， return-to-hospital acceptance process， hospital use process and safety management， home pharmaceutical services， supervision and management， as well as principles for prescription dispensing in retail pharmacies and selection of retail pharmacies. It contributes to the improvement of the management of externally purchased medications in medical institution in Shenzhen.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAf) is an arrhythmia that often occurs in the elderly. The quality of life often declines due to severe palpitations caused by pAf. We present a case of recurrent pAf that occurred on postoperative day 2 of coronary artery bypass grafting and pulmonary vein isolation for unstable angina pectoris and pAf. The patient was a 62-year-old man who complained of palpitations, which was consistent with pAf on the monitor ECG. During hospitalization, the patient was constantly wearing an ECG monitor. During pAf, the heart rate was around 120 bpm, and pAf could continue for up to and beyond 24 hours. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with strong palpitations was observed every day, even after starting beta-blockers and anticoagulants. After discharge, a Japanese Kampo medicine called shakanzoto was taken for a month, but there was no improvement. After that, it was changed to another Japanese Kampo medicine called saikokaryukotsuboreito, because abdominal examination revealed kyokyokuman (hypochondriac discomfort and distension (resistance)) and saiboki (brisk pulsation in the para-umbilical region). Palpitations quickly improved dramatically. It was speculated that not only palpitations but also pAf had been improved.

OBJECTIVE To further standardize the implementation and management standards of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions and provide a reference for providing high-quality pharmaceutical services. METHODS Guided by the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Association and led by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University， a panel of experts consisting of pharmaceutical and medical management professionals from multiple medical institutions was established to discuss the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation. The drafting team then organized， summarized， analyzed and revised the opinions， and provided feedback to ultimately form a consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides a detailed exposition of the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation， offering standards for the implementation of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions in China， which is of major implications for strengthening the pharmaceutical service capabilities of medical institutions.

Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; pathology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Trastuzumab ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; virology ; ras Proteins ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate and analyze the current situation and needs of clinical research nurses in China, in order to provide scientific basis for constructing a training system for research nurses, promoting standardized training, and achieving standardized management for them. METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 102 research nurses from nearly 70 well-known clinical trial institutions in China. The contents of the questionnaire mainly included the general information, professional experience and work content of the research nurses, the sense of accomplishment and training needs of clinical trial work. RESULTS: Among the 102 research nurses surveyed, 92.15% have a bachelor's degree or above; 53.92% of those have intermediate or higher professional titles; 74.51% of them are part-time research nurse. Among professional experiences, 19.61% have more than 10 years of clinical trial experience; 47.06%, 40.20%, and 21.17% of surveyed research nurses were authorized to participate in clinical trial drug management, sample management, and quality control; 70.59% of research nurses have a high sense of achievement in their daily work. In terms of education and training needs, clinical trial related laws and regulations, standardized training for clinical trial protocol implementation, and good clinical practice (GCP) are the three most important aspects. CONCLUSION: Clinical research nurses in China have a relatively high level of education and nursing experience, but there is still a large gap in the amount of professional full-time clinical research nurses in China. Due to the rapid development of innovative drugs and devices, as well as the urgent need to improve the clinical research system, it is necessary to establish a training, assessment, and evaluation system for research nurses that is in line with China's national conditions in order to improve the professional level of research nurses, and improve the quantity and quality of clinical trial research on innovative drugs and devices in China.

More than 99% of cervical cancers have been associated with human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly HPV type 16. The clear association between HPV infection and cervical cancer indicates that HPV serves as an ideal target for development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. Although the recently licensed preventive HPV vaccine, Gardasil, has been shown to be safe and capable of generating significant protection against specific HPV types, it does not have therapeutic effect against established HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions. Two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are consistently co-expressed in HPV-expressing cervical cancers and are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation. Therefore, immunotherapy targeting E6 and/or E7 proteins may provide an opportunity to prevent and treat HPV-associated cervical malignancies. It has been established that T cell-mediated immunity is one of the most crucial components to defend against HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions. Therefore, effective therapeutic HPV vaccines should generate strong E6/E7-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach for antigen-specific T cell-mediated immunotherapy to combat cancers. Intradermal administration of DNA vaccines via a gene gun represents an efficient way to deliver DNA vaccines into professional antigen-presenting cells in vivo. Professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, are the most effective cells for priming antigen-specific T cells. Using the gene gun delivery system, we tested several DNA vaccines that employ intracellular targeting strategies for enhancing MHC class I and class II presentation of encoded model antigen HPV-16 E7. Furthermore, we have developed a strategy to prolong the life of DCs to enhance DNA vaccine potency. More recently, we have developed a strategy to generate antigen-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses to further enhance DNA vaccine potency. The impressive pre- clinical data generated from our studies have led to several HPV DNA vaccine clinical trials.
Female ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics/immunology ; Papillomavirus Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Repressor Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Vaccines, DNA/*administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage

Prostate cancer has a high prevalence and a rising incidence in many parts of the world. Although many screen-detected prostate cancers may be indolent, prostate cancer remains a major contributor to mortality in men. Therefore, the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer with lethal potential are of great importance. High-risk, localized prostate cancer has multiple definitions. Treatment options that should be individualized to each patient include observation, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation, and combined modality treatment. Specific outcomes of radical prostatectomy and combined modality treatment for high-risk prostate cancer are reviewed. The rationale for extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of surgery is discussed, as is the role for surgery in the setting of node-positive, high-risk disease. There is not yet a biomarker that accurately identifies lethal prostate cancer, but rigorous clinical studies have identified methods of optimizing oncologic outcomes in high-risk men.
Brachytherapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Peyronie's disease is a common debilitating condition for both men and their partners that results in penile deformity and compromises sexual functioning. While there are a myriad of medical therapeutic options, these have not been demonstrated to correct the deformity and restore sexual function definitively. As such, surgery is the mainstay of treatment for this disease, and multiple surgical approaches may be considered depending on disease characteristics, patient co-morbidity, and findings on preoperative diagnostic testing. The purpose of this review is to highlight the different surgical approaches and different procedures within each approach, and to examine important issues for surgeons to consider for administering the best treatment that restores function while reconciling patient expectations.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Induration ; Penile Prosthesis

Objective : To observe the effects of TgCtwh3 and TgCtwh6, Toxoplasma gondii of Chinese 1 dominant genotype, on the ultrastructure of hippocampal of mice. Methods : Six⁃week⁃old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, TgCtwh3 infection group and TgCtwh6 infection group, with 6 mice in each group. Control group was intraperitoneally injected with sterile PBS. The TgCtwh3 infected group was intraperitoneally injected with 4 000 TgCtwh3 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and fed for 6 days. The TgCtwh6 infected group was given 20 TgCtwh6 Toxoplasma gondii cysts by gavage and fed for 6 weeks. Then, all the animals were sacrificed, the brains were obtained for preparing electron microscope specimens and observed. Results : Compared with the control group, the cells in hippocampal of TgCtwh3 infected group showed nuclear shrinkage and necrosis; cytoplasmic and axon swelling; organelle disappearance; axonotmesis and other pathological changes. Compared with the control group, the cells in hippocampal of TgCtwh6 infected group showed swollen, vacuolated, crista⁃broken or membrane⁃broken mitochondria; lipofuscin deposition; dilation of golgi apparatus and other pathological changes. Conclusion Both TgCtwh3 and TgCtwh6 infected mice showed ultrastructural changes in hippocampal compared with normal mice. The TgCtwh3 group showed irreversible cell necrosis, while the TgCtwh6 group showed chronic cell damage mainly caused by mitochondrial structure destruction. These results lay a foundation to explore the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis.