No abstract available.
Instinct* ; Motion Pictures as Topic*

Human behaviors are related to either life or death instincts. A sexual instinct or sex drive is an indispensable element to both procreation and recreation. Instead of enjoying sexual expression to the full, people control or suppress the sexual expression only inside their conjugal relations as they were educated or cultivated. However, the suppression of sexual gratification leads to various kinds of substitute gratification. In other words, people want more sexual expression as a reaction against suppression. Due to suppression, the strength of the sexual instinct probably varies in each individual. In the traditional society, the sexual instinct is very powerful in men and comparatively weak in women. Both social constructionism and essentialism are rival approaches to the gender differences, but Baumeister introduced four theories about cultural suppression of female sexuality. According to him, most research findings fit the female conspiracy theory a little better than the other theories. While Baumeister pointed out that a woman's sex drive naturally fluctuates over the years, he proposed that the female drive is more malleable than the male drive in response to socio-cultural and situational factors.
Female ; Humans ; Instinct ; Male ; Recreation ; Sexuality

Human behaviors are related to either life or death instincts. A sexual instinct or sex drive is an indispensable element to both procreation and recreation. Instead of enjoying sexual expression to the full, people control or suppress the sexual expression only inside their conjugal relations as they were educated or cultivated. However, the suppression of sexual gratification leads to various kinds of substitute gratification. In other words, people want more sexual expression as a reaction against suppression. Due to suppression, the strength of the sexual instinct probably varies in each individual. In the traditional society, the sexual instinct is very powerful in men and comparatively weak in women. Both social constructionism and essentialism are rival approaches to the gender differences, but Baumeister introduced four theories about cultural suppression of female sexuality. According to him, most research findings fit the female conspiracy theory a little better than the other theories. While Baumeister pointed out that a woman's sex drive naturally fluctuates over the years, he proposed that the female drive is more malleable than the male drive in response to socio-cultural and situational factors.
Female ; Humans ; Instinct ; Male ; Recreation ; Sexuality

PURPOSE: High self-awareness can promote communication and empathy. The Enneagram is a well-known personality tool to enhance self-awareness. We evaluated differences in empathy among medical students using the Enneagram typology. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included first and second grade students at the Inje University College of Medicine. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy was used to measure empathy and the Korean Enneagram Personality Type Indicator was used for examining personality characteristics. Empathy scores were analyzed according to the Triads, Hornevian group, Harmonic group, and each Enneagram type. RESULTS: The Instinctive triad, the Withdrawns, and the Positive outlook group were the most common, and the Feeling triad, the Assertives, and the Emotional realness group were the least common. Students in the Feeling triad and the Dutifuls had higher compassionate care (CC) scores as compared to their counterparts. Type 2 and 6 students showed the two highest empathy and CC scores. The empathy score of type 3 students was the lowest. Type 7 had the lowest CC score but the highest perspective taking score. CONCLUSION: These differences in empathy according to Enneagram personality types can be applied to medical education to maintain and improve medical students' empathy.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Medical ; Empathy ; Humans ; Instinct ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify nursing professional values and job satisfaction depending on the types of personality in visiting nurses. METHODS: Two hundred twenty six visiting nurses participated in this study. Data collection was conducted in 26 Public Health Centers in Korea. The Korean version of the Enneagram nursing professional values and job satisfaction was used to measure the nursing professional values and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The most common personality is type 9, a center of the Instinctive Center where energy tends to stress outwards. There was a significant difference in nursing professional values depending on the type of personality. The type 1, 2 and type 9 had a significant difference by depending on the type of personality. There was but no difference in job satisfaction. There was a negative correlation between nursing professional values and job satisfaction by depending on the type of personality. The nurses with the type 9 and type 1 of personality showed a significant differences with the negative correlation between professional values and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the necessity of a self-understanding program to improve the working efficiency by increasing the professional values and job satisfaction of visiting nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Data Collection ; Instinct ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Public Health

OBJECTIVES: In this study I made investigations how ‘strange hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ threatening the ego could be resolved and healed. And I aim to present a healing model of psychotherapy and analysis as one of methods of treatment for ‘eating disorder’. METHODS: The analysands of this study were outpatients who visited the department of psychiatry of Yong-In Mental Hospital from March 2008 to February 2017 with ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ as their chief complaints. This study is based on the detailed records of the process of analysis including dreams and visions. RESULTS: 1) Throughout the process of analysis that explore both consciousness and unconsciousness(dream, vision), hunger and compulsive overeating is improved and healed in all analysands. 2) The Imago of ‘Snake’ appeared in dreams and visions of all analysands. 3) By suffering impulse rather than acting it out, impulse transformes itself into ‘Imago’. As impulse transforms into ‘Imago’ and reveals the ‘meaning’ of it, ego-threatening power of impulse weakens and mood is calmed. And as a result, synthesis of consciousness and unconsciousness and creative transformation of personality can be possible. CONCLUSIONS: In some people, ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ are ‘creative impulses’ that aim ‘Self-realization’ which can be fruited as creative transformation of personality and as creative transformation in the relation with the world. ‘Creative impulses’, which often can be experienced as instinctive impulse or emotional suffering unless ego realizes the meaning, reveal the meaning in dreams or visions through ‘Imago’ and ‘Symbol’.
Consciousness ; Dreams ; Ego ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Hunger ; Hyperphagia ; Instinct ; Outpatients ; Psychotherapy ; Unconsciousness

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify nursing professional values and job satisfaction depending on the types of personality in visiting nurses. METHODS: Two hundred twenty six visiting nurses participated in this study. Data collection was conducted in 26 Public Health Centers in Korea. The Korean version of the Enneagram nursing professional values and job satisfaction was used to measure the nursing professional values and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The most common personality is type 9, a center of the Instinctive Center where energy tends to stress outwards. There was a significant difference in nursing professional values depending on the type of personality. The type 1, 2 and type 9 had a significant difference by depending on the type of personality. There was but no difference in job satisfaction. There was a negative correlation between nursing professional values and job satisfaction by depending on the type of personality. The nurses with the type 9 and type 1 of personality showed a significant differences with the negative correlation between professional values and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the necessity of a self-understanding program to improve the working efficiency by increasing the professional values and job satisfaction of visiting nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Data Collection ; Instinct ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Public Health

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; physiology ; Female ; Instinct ; Male ; Nerve Net ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology

Nervous systems must not only generate specific adaptive behaviors, such as reproduction, aggression, feeding, and sleep, but also select a single behavior for execution at any given time, depending on both internal states and external environmental conditions. Despite their tremendous biological importance, the neural mechanisms of action selection remain poorly understood. In the past decade, studies in the model animal Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated valuable neural mechanisms underlying action selection of innate behaviors. In this review, we summarize circuit mechanisms with a particular focus on a small number of sexually dimorphic neurons in controlling action selection among sex, fight, feeding, and sleep behaviors in both sexes of flies. We also discuss potentially conserved circuit configurations and neuromodulation of action selection in both the fly and mouse models, aiming to provide insights into action selection and the sexually dimorphic prioritization of innate behaviors.
Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Female ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology* ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Instinct ; Neurons/physiology* ; Aggression/physiology*

Erich Fromm said, "A man is fundamentally a lonely being, and he needs love to overcome the loneliness and the sense of emptiness." Marriage offers a resting place for the lonely man or woman, and satisfies a variety of their needs. Marriage is an arrangement where two sexually mature human beings live together because they love each other. It is a loving relationship which is established between the mature man and woman, who have formed their own identities and could understand each other. Infidelity is a mental disorder, which destroys the marital relationship, as well as one's mental health. This paper investigates the causes of infidelity from the evolutionary and psychoanalytic perspectives. Evolutionary psychology explains infidelity as a natural phenominon. A man commits infidelity according to his instinct for spreading his genes as much as possible, while a woman behaves according to her gene's design to receive a more superior gene, in order to produce a more superior offspring. The psychoanalytic approach explains infidelity as a phenomenon which occurs when one's identity lacks an ability to sublimate libido:an unresolved Oedipus complex could also be the cause. The Maria-Prostitute complex and the Don Juan character are presented as examples to illustrate these theories. As for the sex addicts who often weren't loved in their infantile life, they commit infidelity compulsively by confusing the sexual act with mother-like caring. The psychology of a person who tries to enact the primal scene by engaging a sexual act with a prostitute is presented. Someone who is often affected by depression and helplessness due to harsh superego tries to heal themselves by sexual stimulation. Infidelitys's influence on the partner is exaggerated by the parther's inner coflict. In the end, methods to overcome infidelity are investigated. Human instincts are not at all moral. To realize this fact is the first step to maintain one's married life without any infidelity problems.
Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Instinct ; Loneliness ; Love ; Marriage ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Mercuric Chloride ; Oedipus Complex ; Psychoanalysis ; Psychology ; Sex Workers ; Superego