PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in tear flow and tear filim stability in patients with long-term instillation of antiglaucoma drug. METHODS AND OBJECTS: We measured Schirmer test score and tear film break-up time (BUT) in long-term antiglaucoma drug instilling 60 patients (120eyes) who had been diagnosed with open angle glaucoma and in randomly selected 60 normal subjects (120eyes) from March 2000 to February 2001 at Chosun University Hospital. Obtained results were retrospectively analyzed with the age progression and sex of subjects, duration of instillation, number and type of drugs to find out correlations between these factors. RESULTS: Average Schirmer test score and BUT were measured considerably lower in antiglaucomat drug instilled group compared to normal-subjects group (P<0.05, student t-test). Both measurements considerably decreased as age of patients and drug instillation time increased (P<0.05, ANOVA test). But number and type of instilled drugs had no considerable correlation to the obtained results (P>0.05, ANOVA test). CONCLUSIONS: It should be predicted that the patients who had instilled antiglaucoma drug for a long time and who are also of old age may develop dry eye syndrome and eye surface problem. So special care should be taken with glaucoma treatment in such cases.
Dry Eye Syndromes ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears*

In order to evaluate the cause of apparent accommodation in pseudophakia, we performed ECCE and implanted biconvex, monofocal I0L in the bag in 24 patients(32 eyes) and followed up for more than 2 months. We measured apparent accommodation, corneal astigmatism and near visual acuity. And we also measured apparent accommodation and the changes of anterior chamber depth according to the movement of I0L and apparent accommodation according to the changes of pupil diameter in normal state before drug instillation and after instillation of either 10% phenylephrine or 2% pilocarpine. The results were as follows: 1. The mean apparent accommodation was 1.36 +/- 0.52 diopters. 2. There was negative correlation between corneal astigmatism and apparent accommodation and between cornel astigmatism and near visual acuity. 3. There was negative correlation between anterior chamber depth and apparent accommodation measured in normal state before drug instillation. And also there was negative correlation between the changes of anterior chamber depth and the changes of apparent accommodation measured after instillation of either 10% phenylephrine or 2% pilocarpine. 4. There was positive correlation between reciprocal changes of pupil diameter and apparent accommodation. So we conclude that the apparent accommodation is seemed! to be a resultant changes according to the changes of the pupil diameter.
Anterior Chamber ; Astigmatism ; Instillation, Drug ; Phenylephrine ; Pilocarpine ; Pseudophakia ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity

In order to evaluate the cause of apparent accommodation in pseudophakia, we performed ECCE and implanted biconvex, monofocal I0L in the bag in 24 patients(32 eyes) and followed up for more than 2 months. We measured apparent accommodation, corneal astigmatism and near visual acuity. And we also measured apparent accommodation and the changes of anterior chamber depth according to the movement of I0L and apparent accommodation according to the changes of pupil diameter in normal state before drug instillation and after instillation of either 10% phenylephrine or 2% pilocarpine. The results were as follows: 1. The mean apparent accommodation was 1.36 +/- 0.52 diopters. 2. There was negative correlation between corneal astigmatism and apparent accommodation and between cornel astigmatism and near visual acuity. 3. There was negative correlation between anterior chamber depth and apparent accommodation measured in normal state before drug instillation. And also there was negative correlation between the changes of anterior chamber depth and the changes of apparent accommodation measured after instillation of either 10% phenylephrine or 2% pilocarpine. 4. There was positive correlation between reciprocal changes of pupil diameter and apparent accommodation. So we conclude that the apparent accommodation is seemed! to be a resultant changes according to the changes of the pupil diameter.
Anterior Chamber ; Astigmatism ; Instillation, Drug ; Phenylephrine ; Pilocarpine ; Pseudophakia ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVETo track the translocation of water soluble taurine multi-wall carbon nanotubes (14C-tau-MWCNTs) in lungs of the Kunming mice and evaluate the acute lung toxicity of intratracheally instilled tau-MWCNTs in Kunming mice.

METHODSHealthy adult Kunming mice were randomly grouped by their body weight (5 mice in each group). The lungs of mice were intratracheally instilled with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg of water soluble tau-MWCNTs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as negative control. After exposure of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, the blood and lung tissue were collected. Blood were assessed by using biochemical biomarkers of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Lung tissues were assessed by histopathology. The intratracheal instillation of 14C-tau-MWCNTs was conducted in the same way, after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days, 14C-activity of the samples was counted in several organs, tissues, blood and feces etc.

RESULTS14C-activities were detected only in lungs, and with the exposure time proceeding the radioactivity descending from (80 +/- 7.7)% of the 1st day to (22 +/- 6.9)% of the 28th day. Activity of all groups of ALP and LDH went to the highest level on the 7th day postexposure, and back to the control level on the 28th day post-exposure, but LDH of 1 mg/kg group[(14.18 +/- 1.70) micromol x s(-1) x L(-1)] was still higher than that of control [(10.95 +/- 3.51) micromol x s(-1) x L(-1)] after 28 days' exposure. There was no significant changes observed in the activity of ACE. Histopathology found that lungs of all groups presented significant increase in pulmonary inflammation, lung cell proliferation. Many tau-MWCNTs were clearly found in some alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells.

CONCLUSIONIntratracheal instillation of water soluble tau-MWCNTs could induce slight bio-effects on lungs of Kunming mice.

Animals ; Instillation, Drug ; Lung ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; Taurine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Trachea

OBJECTIVESTo present experience on the diagnosis and treatment of urethral condyloma acuminatum (CA) in male patients.

METHODSTwenty-one cases of urethral CA were studied. The lesion of urethral meatus and intraurethal were resected by electrofulguration or operation and Urethroscopy, respectively. All patients were received intraurethral instillation and local therapy of 5% 5-fluorouracil solution.

RESULTSThe patients had been followed up for three to twelve months. Cure rate was 76.2%, recurrence rate was 23.89%.

CONCLUSIONSTransurethral endoscopy is a reliable diagnosis and treatment method. Intraurethral instillation and local therapy of 5% 5-fluorouracil solution may prevent the recurrence of CA.

Condylomata Acuminata ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Fluorouracil ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Leukemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the combination of drop in canales sacralis with acupotomy dissolution in the treatment of lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-nine patients with lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs were randomly divided into 3 groups: cases in Group A were treated by the drop in canales sacralis, in Group B by acupotomy dissolution and in Group C by the combination of canales sacralis drop with acupotomy dissolution. MacNab score and VAS score were assayed before treatment and 1 week, 3 and 6 months after treatment.

RESULTThe effective rates in Groups A, B and C at 1 week, 3 and 6 months after treatment were 71.4%, 75.5%, 79.6%; 75.0%, 79.6%, 81.8% and 89.1%, 91.3%, 93.5%, respectively (P < 0.01). The pain intensity in Group C was reduced more markedly at different time points after treatment than that in Group A and Group B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe combination of canales sacralis drop with acupotomy dissolution is superior to each method used alone in treatment of lumbocrural pain caused by slipped discs in the short-and long-term.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; therapy ; Low Back Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a no saline, a 2 ml and a 5 ml saline instillation prior to endotracheal suctioning on oxygen saturation in patients with pneumonia. The subjects in this study were 16 pneumonic patients with a tracheotomy tube, who had been admitted to the neuro-surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital in Seoul Korea. All three (0, 2 and 5 ml) saline instillation methods were applied to the 16 patients. The methods were randomly assigned to each patient. Each of the instillation methods was applied in a four-step sequence: 1) recording the level of oxygen saturation (baseline levels), 2) instilling normal saline, 3) supplying oxygen and suctioning, and 4) recording the level of oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation was evaluated using pulse oximetry. The recovery times for oxygen saturation to return to baseline levels following suctioning were, just after suctioning, 45seconds after suctioning and in excess of 5 minutes with 0, 2 and 5 ml saline instillations, respectively. Instillation of normal saline before suctioning could have an adverse effect on oxygen saturation, and should be used carefully as a routine intervention in patients who have pneumonia.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Human ; Instillation, Drug ; Intubation, Intratracheal/*nursing ; Male ; Middle Age ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Pneumonia/*nursing ; Sodium Chloride/*administration & dosage ; Suction/*nursing ; Tracheotomy

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate an immunoassay for urinary nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) as an indicator for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of subjects attended the trial of NMP22. First group was 27 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, second group was 24 patients with other urinary cancer consisted of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma, and third group was 24 healthy volunteers. NMP22 was determined using a commercial test kit, which is based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In normal healthy volunteers and other urinary cancer group median NMP22 levels were 2.24 and 3.27 U/ml, respectively. Median urinary NMP22 levels in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were 54.30 U/ml. It was significantly greater than other two groups. Median NMP22 levels according to the tumor stage and the tumor grade did not show the significant difference statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary NMP22 is a useful marker that is more specific for bladder cancer thsn for other urinary cancer. Further tests are required to clarify the influence of other spe- cific conditions, such as urinary tract infection, and intravesical drug instillation or procedure.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Instillation, Drug ; Nuclear Matrix* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract Infections

Percutaneous nephrostomy has been effectively performed 107 times in 72 patients for relief of obstruction,drainage of urinary fistula and renal or extrarenal fluid collection, and functional preservation of urinarysystem, and follow-up check has been made for recent 3 years at department of Radiology in Seoul NatinalUniversity Hospital. All procedures were successful and bilateral nephrostomy was done in 1 case of bilateral congenital UPJ obstruction. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done in left kidney in 38 cases(52.8%), permanent drainagewas done in 55 cases(76.4%) and external drainage was done in 65 cases (90.3%), and the duration of follow-up wasup to 8 months. Underlying disease were supravesical obstruction in 63 cases(87.5%), urinary fistula in 3 casses,inflammatory disease in 5 cases and infravesical obstruction in 1 case. Satisfactory outcomes were made in 68patients, whose BUN and serum creatinine levels have decreased near to upper normal range in at least 3 weeks. Major complications have occurred in 7 cases; symptomatic urinary infection in 3 cases, fracture of the catheterin 2 cases, pneumothorax in 1 case and sepsis in 1 case. Minor complications have occurred in 76 cases; catheterdislodgement or obstruction in 42 cases, fever in 10 cases, perirenal extravasation in 2 cases and periureteralleakage in 2 cases, etc. These complications can be prevented by adequate method duing Seldinger technique undnerultrasonography, CT or fluoroscopy, prophylactic and post-nephrostomy antibiotics, use of disposable catheterkits, frequent irrigation of the catheter and dressing of catheter fixation site when contaminated, prevention ofextraction of the catheter due to patient's carelessness, adequate fixation of the catheter to skin, and continuous follow-up of patients, It is expected that the territory of this iterventional procedure will beextended by instrument insertion and drug instillation through the nephrostomy tract.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bandages ; Catheters ; Creatinine ; Drainage ; Fever ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Instillation, Drug ; Kidney ; Methods ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Pneumothorax ; Reference Values ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Urinary Fistula