No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a fundamental parameter in assessing renal function and predicting the progression of chronic renal disease. Because the use of serum creatinine has several disadvantages, many studies have investigated the use of cystatin C for estimating GFR. We compared creatinine clearance and GFR with formulas using serum creatinine and cystatin C. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 211 patients with various renal diseases and classified them into two groups according to creatinine clearance (Group 1: CrCl >90 mL/min/1.73m2, Group 2: CrCl <90 mL/min/1.73m2). We measured serum creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine clearance. We calculated GFR using the Schwartz, Counahan, Filler and Lepage, Bokencamp et al, and Grubb et al formulas. RESULTS: GFR determined by the Schwartz formula had the highest correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.415, P=0.00). GFR determined by various formulas using cystatin C had lower correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.187, r=0.187, r=0.291). The Schwartz and Counahan formulas showed greater diagnostic accuracy in detecting decreased GFR than cystatin C in group 2 (areas under the curve: Schwartz, 0.596; Counahan, 0.572; Filler, 0.512; Bokencamp, 0.508; and Grubb, 0.514). CONCLUSION: GFR determined by the Schwartz and Counahan formulas using serum creatinine showed higher correlation coefficient than that determined by formulas using cystatin C. The formulas using cystatin C were not superior to those using serum creatinine in detecting decreased GFR. Cystatin C measurement was not satisfactory for assessing GFR in patients whose renal function was not severely decreased.
Child ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a fundamental parameter in assessing renal function and predicting the progression of chronic renal disease. Because the use of serum creatinine has several disadvantages, many studies have investigated the use of cystatin C for estimating GFR. We compared creatinine clearance and GFR with formulas using serum creatinine and cystatin C. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 211 patients with various renal diseases and classified them into two groups according to creatinine clearance (Group 1: CrCl >90 mL/min/1.73m2, Group 2: CrCl <90 mL/min/1.73m2). We measured serum creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine clearance. We calculated GFR using the Schwartz, Counahan, Filler and Lepage, Bokencamp et al, and Grubb et al formulas. RESULTS: GFR determined by the Schwartz formula had the highest correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.415, P=0.00). GFR determined by various formulas using cystatin C had lower correlation to creatinine clearance (r=0.187, r=0.187, r=0.291). The Schwartz and Counahan formulas showed greater diagnostic accuracy in detecting decreased GFR than cystatin C in group 2 (areas under the curve: Schwartz, 0.596; Counahan, 0.572; Filler, 0.512; Bokencamp, 0.508; and Grubb, 0.514). CONCLUSION: GFR determined by the Schwartz and Counahan formulas using serum creatinine showed higher correlation coefficient than that determined by formulas using cystatin C. The formulas using cystatin C were not superior to those using serum creatinine in detecting decreased GFR. Cystatin C measurement was not satisfactory for assessing GFR in patients whose renal function was not severely decreased.
Child ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies

Pancreatic and biliary endoscopy certified doctors perform high-level procedures and try to improve public health by maintaining professionalism. In this manuscript, I review how the certification system is reflected in the Korean National Health Insurance. In addition, we considered the impact of certified pancreatic and biliary endoscopy doctors on the public. Through this, the pancreatobiliary endoscopy certification system is to be properly established and to contribute to the improvement of public health.

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980–2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.
Bone Substitutes ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Dental Materials ; Dentists ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Patents as Topic ; Transplants

This correction is being published to correct the 4th author's affiliation in the article.

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980–2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.

This correction is being published to correct the 4th author's affiliation in the article.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic cysts are incidentally found at laparotomy or through abdominal imaging studies. When they become symptomatic, treatment is indicated. The aim of this study is to evaluate many options of their management, especially about surgical methods. METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed from the clinical charts of 21 patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic hepatic cysts from January, 1995, through December, 2002 in department of Surgery, Pusan University Hosipital. Charts were obtained from the original hosipital referral. We considered the following variables for analysis: age, sex, symptoms, hepatic cyst location, size, operative methods, histological confirm, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of postoperative hosipital stay, and follow-up outcome. RESULTS: Mean age of the 21 patients was 53 years. The ratio of male and female was 1:4.3. Their main symptoms were right upper quadrant pain or discomfort, epigastric pain, and abdominal distension. Rarely, palpable mass, dyspepsia, mild jaundice, and acute abdominal pain from ruptured hepatic cyst were observed. Preoperative abdominal ultrasound and computed tomographic scannig were done in all patients. The mean size of hepatic cysts was 9.04 cm in computed tomographic scanning. The 61.9% of patients had the location in right lobe. Simple cyst was characterized by homogeneous, low attenuated and unilocular mass in computed tomographic scanning: in difference, biliary cystadenoma, internal intervening septation and papillary infoldings with cyst itself. Fifteen patients underwent partial cystectomy and 4, complete cystectomy and 1, non-anatomical hepatic resection and 1, left lateral segmentectomy. Hepatic cysts were consisting of 15 cases of simple cyst, 4 cases of biliary cystadenoma, 1 case of Caroli's disease and 1 case of polycystic liver disease. Postoperative complication was bile leakage in one case. No symptomatic recurrence occured during a mean follow-up period of 42.5 months. CONCLUSION: According to the characteristics of symptomatic hepatic cyst, proper operative methods of management were considered. More long-term follow-up is necessary but in simple cyst in histological type, partial cystectomy can be the acceptable technique, complete cystectomy or hepatic resection should be perfomed in biliary cystadenoma for recurrence and malignant potential.
Abdominal Pain ; Bile ; Busan ; Caroli Disease ; Cystadenoma ; Cystectomy ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Laparotomy ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography